Automatic Arm Research Articles

P153 NATIONAL SURVEY OF ARGENTINE DOCTORS ON HYPERTENSION

Background and Objective: Hypertension (HTN) is the leading cardiovascular risk factor, yet its control remains low. Identifying factors influencing diagnosis, potential clinical inertia, and the measuring devices used is crucial. Objective: This study aims to understand factors in medical practice affecting HTN knowledge and control, and to assess the availability and use of blood pressure (BP) measurement devices. Methods: This observational, cross-sectional study is based on a 25-question self-administered survey by the Argentine Society of Hypertension (SAHA) and the Argentine Society of Medicine (SAM), targeting doctors treating HTN patients in Argentina. This report focuses on BP measurement. Results: A total of 1,042 responses were received, with women comprising 45.8% (n:471). Responses came from 430 cardiologists (41.7%), 380 internists (36.8%), 68 HTN specialists (6.6%), 54 primary care physicians (5.2%), and 100 from other specialties (9.7%). An own validated automatic arm BP monitor was used by 44.5%, a manual aneroid by 36.5%, an institution's validated automatic arm monitor by 10.9%, and a fixed wall aneroid by 8.2%. BP was measured in all patients by 89% of respondents, sometimes by 8.5%, and only if the patient was hypertensive by 1.7%. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was always requested before treatment by 25.2%, sporadically by 34%, never by 4.1%, and only for BP between 130/85 mmHg and 159/99 mmHg by 36.7%. The 24-hour ABPM values for initiating pharmacological treatment were >140/90 mmHg (40.9%), >135/85 mmHg (39%), and >130/80 mmHg (20.1%). Conclusions: Discrepancies exist in HTN patient care. Only 20% of doctors start pharmacological treatment at 24-hour ABPM values above 130/80 mmHg. Enhancing education and information could improve HTN control strategies.

Accuracy of wearable electronic device compared to manual and automatic methods of blood pressure determination.

Blood pressure (BP) is the main biomarker for monitoring patients, as its lack of control above values considered normal is a modifiable risk factor for target organ damage. The aim of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of the wearable electronic device photoplethysmography technology (PPG) Samsung Galaxy Watch 4 in determining BP in young patients compared to manual and automatic methods of BP determination. This is a quantitative and cross-sectional study, following validation protocols for wearable devices and BP measurement. It was carried out with twenty healthy young adults, in which BP was measured using four instruments, namely, standard sphygmomanometer device (manual), automatic arm oscillometric device (reference), wrist oscillometric device, and Smartwatch PPG. Eighty systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) readings were observed. SBP means manual 118 ± 2.20,arm 113 ± 2.54, wrist 118 ± 2.51, and PPG (smartwatch) 113 ± 2.58. Among means, arm and PPG difference is 0.15, arm and wrist 4.95, arm and manual 4.45 wrist with PPG. The mean DBP manual 76.7 ± 1.84, arm 73.6 ± 1.92, wrist 79.3 ± 1.87, and PPG 72.2 ± 1.38. Among means, the difference between the arm and PPG is 1.4 and arm and hand 3.5mmHg. The correlation shows PPG with manual, arm, and wrist. There was a strong SBP correlation and a moderate DBP correlation between the methods tested, evidencing the accuracy of the PPG smartwatch in relation to the reference method.

The Reading and Analyzing Of The Brain Electrical Signals To Execute a Control Command and Move an Automatic Arm

In this research, brain computer interface was designed to record brain signals and connecting it to labview via Bluetooth technology. Brain signals were acquired for 10 persons according to a specific protocol designed for the purpose of study then analyze those signals in order to form statistical data and study the changes of frequency and amplitude depending on the opening and closing of the eye. Accordingly a signal processing algorithm was developed to obtain the frequency and amplitude of the brain signal and compare those values during the opening and closing of the eye and determine the discrimination values. After the analysis and the classification steps, the algorithm was developed to send the command data to the Arduino chip and linked to the signal processing algorithm. As a result, the brain signal was marked at the blink and processed to execute a control command to trigger a relay and move an automatic arm or perform any action.

CyberLimb: a novel robotic prosthesis concept with shared and intuitive control

BackgroundExisting assistive technologies attempt to mimic biological functions through advanced mechatronic designs. In some occasions, the information processing demands for such systems require substantial information bandwidth and convoluted control strategies, which make it difficult for the end-user to operate. Instead, a practical and intuitive semi-automated system focused on accomplishing daily tasks may be more suitable for end-user adoption.MethodsWe developed an intelligent prosthesis for the Cybathlon Global Edition 2020. The device was designed in collaboration with the prosthesis user (pilot), addressing her needs for the competition and aiming for functionality. Our design consists of a soft robotic-based two finger gripper controlled by a force-sensing resistor (FSR) headband interface, automatic arm angle dependent wrist flexion and extension, and manual forearm supination and pronation for a shared control system. The gripper is incorporated with FSR sensors to relay haptic information to the pilot based on the output of a neural network model that estimates geometries and objects material.ResultsAs a student team of the Munich Institute of Robotics and Machine Intelligence, we achieved 12th place overall in the Cybathlon competition in which we competed against state-of-the-art prosthetic devices. Our pilot successfully accomplished two challenging tasks in the competition. During training sessions, the pilot was able to accomplish the remaining competition tasks except for one. Based on observation and feedback from training sessions, we adapted our developments to fit the user’s preferences. Usability ratings indicated that the pilot perceived the prosthesis to not be fully ergonomic due to the size and weight of the system, but argued that the prosthesis was intuitive to control to perform the tasks from the Cybathlon competition.ConclusionsThe system provides an intuitive interface to conduct common daily tasks from the arm discipline of the Cybathlon competition. Based on the feedback from our pilot, future improvements include the prosthesis’ reduction in size and weight in order to enhance its mobility. Close collaboration with our pilot has allowed us to continue with the prosthesis development. Ultimately, we developed a simple-to-use solution, exemplifying a new paradigm for prosthesis design, to help assist arm amputees with daily activities.

A comprehensive overview of the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension based on the latest hypertension guidelines

In recent years, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have accounted for about 70% of the world's deaths. The most common NCDs are cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes mellitus, and chronic respiratory diseases. These diseases have four common risk factors, including inadequate physical activity, unhealthy diet, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption. Cardiovascular diseases, despite their high prevalence, are the most preventable chronic diseases. The most common risk factor for cardiovascular disease is high blood pressure, which can be prevented if it is diagnosed and controlled carefully. Recent guidelines have changed the methods of blood pressure measurement, definition, and treatments. Recently, more emphasis has been placed on Out-of-Office Blood Pressure Measurement. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the methods of measuring blood pressure at home and 24-hour Holter blood pressure monitoring, as well as understanding its standards. The use of automatic arm sphygmomanometers to measure blood pressure is more acceptable than manual ones (mercury or Aneroid). The most accepted definitions of hypertension are BP≥140/90 mm Hg in the clinic, the average blood pressure at home≥135/85 mm Hg, and the average blood pressure in 24-hour Holter monitoring≥130/80 mm Hg. Proper treatment of hypertension by changing lifestyle and proper medication therapy can control blood pressure and prevent serious complications. Today, the use of combination drugs, especially a single pill in a single dose, has been emphasized. This study aimed to review the most recent hypertension treatment protocols based on the guidelines of the American Heart Association (AHA 2017), the European Society of Cardiology (ESC 2018), the British Heart Association (NICE 2019), and the International Society of Hypertension (ISH 2020). Furthermore, this study attempted to assess the symptoms, complications, methods of diagnosing, definitions, as well as pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments of hypertension.

Design of robot assisted wireless sensor

This paper constraints on designing of a multi-purpose robot. A various sensor is used in this design, controls system, automatic arm, wireless communication system and remote controlling. The robot was success in test indoor and outdoor and. It can move easily in rough ground in order to find the destination avoiding any obstacles. The movement of the proposed robot could be wirelessly controlled by using control unit. The proposed robot can be used to protect human since it can allocate the position of gas leakage in home, office, industry or bank. And also, can be used for civil field as detecting metal area. By using modern technology for basic automatic robot with a wireless system so it does not cause any additional cost of wiring. This research success here discovered the metal and toxics gases by using sensors, the alarm will be operating when there is any material or toxics gas appear near the robot.

Химический и фазовый анализ нагара в свете разработки составов для обслуживания автоматического стрелкового оружия

In this paper, an attempt is made on the basis of the data of chemical and phase analysis of carbon de-posits to outline the range of chemical compounds that, when added to oil and/or water products, will contribute to the effective removal of carbon deposits, copper plating and, in general, the care of mod-ern small arms. The results of the study of carbon deposits settling in the barrel of the machine gun after the shot are presented. It is shown that domestic rifle oils or their foreign analogues do not completely remove carbon from the barrels of small arms, so it is necessary to develop new special compositions. These studies of the composition of carbon deposits in automatic small arms and the analysis of the cleaning properties of rifle oils allow us to outline the main directions of further research and offer more effective compositions for the care of weapons. To remove copper plating from the barrels of fire arms, only water compositions that include organic compounds that form stable complex compounds with Cu(II) will be effective. For cleaning and lubri-cating weapons, it is advisable to develop rifle oils based on a new base oil and solvent, and as a corro-sion inhibitor, a complex-acting inhibitor can be considered, for example, synthetic dialkyl naphthalene sulfonates of barium or neutral type calcium. A number of new rifle oil with additives were tested, which showed an improvement cleaning properties oils, due to the introduction of the additives in concentration of 0.25-0.5%.

Founder of the Small Arms and Artillery Design School On the 125th Anniversary of the Birth of Academician A.A. Blagonravov

This paper is devoted to the life and professional activities of Academician A.A. Blagonravov (1894−1975) as an outstanding Soviet scientist and great promoter of science. He made an invaluable contribution to the development of the national school of automatic small arms and artillery weapons, the design of all-purpose industrial machines and mechanisms, advancement of machine science, and the study and exploration of space.

Automatic Arm Motion Recognition Based on Radar Micro-Doppler Signature Envelopes

In considering human-machine interface (HMI) for smart environment, a simple but effective method is proposed for automatic arm motion recognition with a Doppler radar sensor. Arms, in lieu of hands, have stronger radar cross-section and can be recognized from relatively longer distances. An energy-based thresholding algorithm is applied to the spectrograms to extract the micro-Doppler (MD) signature envelopes. The positive and negative frequency envelopes are concatenated to form a feature vector. The nearest neighbor (NN) classifier with Manhattan distance (L1) is then used to recognize the arm motions. It is shown that this simple method yields classification accuracy above 97 percent for six classes of arm motions. Despite its simplicity, the proposed method is superior to those of handcrafted featurebased classifications and low-dimension representation techniques based on principal component analysis (PCA), and is comparable to convolutional neural network (CNN).

Development of The Transporting System for The Automatic Carrying and Arming of Test Ammunition

Development of The Transporting System for The Automatic Carrying and Arming of Test Ammunition

Bioinspired In-Grid Navigation and Positioning Based on an Artificially Established Magnetic Gradient

In the past years, significant progresses have been achieved in signpost-based indoor navigation and positioning systems. In this paper, inspired by recent bionic researches on long-distance animal geomagnetic navigation, we propose an autonomous local navigation and positioning system, based on an artificially established magnetic gradient for in-grid or desktop applications. Without using any magnetic-field strength information, the proposed navigation and positioning can be accomplished by matching a spatial angle included by the direction of the vector magnetic field and a direction defined in the navigation plane using an algorithm derived based on the Kalman filter. Simulations and experiments verified the effectiveness of the proposed approach. This method can be used to improve the positioning precision of signpost-based systems. It can also be used in new applications of autonomous in-grid or desktop navigation and positioning for automatic robot arms.

Experience of an upper limb training program with a non-immersive virtual reality system in patients after stroke: a qualitative study

ObjectivesThe YouGrabber (YG) is a new virtual reality training system that focuses on unilateral and bimanual activities. This nested study was part of a larger multicenter randomized controlled trial and explored experiences of people with chronic stroke during a 4 weeks intensive upper limb training with YG. DesignA qualitative design using semi-structured, face-to-face interviews. A phenomenological descriptive approach was used, with data coded, categorized and summarized using a thematic analysis. Topics investigated included: the experience of YG training, perceived impact of YG training on arm function, and the role of the treating therapist. ResultsFive people were interviewed (one female, age range 55 to 75 years, 1 to 6 years poststroke). Seven main themes were identified: (1) general experience, (2) expectations, (3) feedback, (4) arm function, (5) physiotherapist’s role, (6) fatigue, (7) motivation. Key experiences reported included feelings of motivation and satisfaction, with positive factors identified as challenge, competition, fun and effort. The YG training appeared to trigger greater effort, however fatigue was experienced at the end of the training. Overall, patients described positive changes in upper limb motor function and activity level, e.g. automatic arm use. While the opportunity for self-practice was appreciated, input from the therapist at the start of the intervention was deemed important for safety and confidence. ConclusionsReported experiences were mostly positive and the participants were motivated to practice intensively. They enjoyed the challenging component of the games.

Automatic Arm Region Segmentation and Background Image Composition

Automatic Arm Region Segmentation and Background Image Composition

Impaired Automatic Arm Movements in Obstetric Brachial Plexus Palsy Suggest a Central Disorder.

The authors aimed to find evidence for a central component of the impairment of movement of the affected arm in children with obstetric brachial plexus palsy. The authors performed a cross-sectional study in 19 children (median age 5 years) with obstetric brachial plexus palsy who were able to voluntarily abduct their affected arm beyond 90 degrees. They were asked to perform 4 tasks designed to provoke automatic arm movements to maintain balance. The authors assumed automatic motor programming to be impaired when 2 of 3 investigators agreed using video recordings that the affected arm did not abduct beyond 90 degrees while the unaffected arm did. Children abducted the affected arm less often than the healthy one (generalized binary logistic model of all 4 tasks, P = .001). The deficit during automatic arm abduction was not observed during voluntary movements and therefore cannot be explained by a peripheral deficit, suggesting a central component.

A PMU-augmented stability power limit assessment for reliable arming of special protection systems

This paper studies the application of phasor measurement unit (PMU) data for security-enhanced arming of special protection systems. A PMU-based hybrid method is proposed to assess transient stability limits of a multi-machine system in advance of network contingencies. The method is based on the single machine equivalent (SIME) technique, which combines time-domain algorithms with the direct method of equal-area criterion, to determine stability power limits on major transmission lines. In addition, based on the real-time network condition obtained by synchrophasor measurements, a strategy is proposed to effectively determine whether an arming signal should be issued for the next probable contingency. The effectiveness of the PMU-based automatic arming method is evaluated and discussed through simulation studies conducted in the real-time digital simulator (RTDS) and MATLAB software environment.

Rapid Visuomotor Corrective Responses during Transport of Hand-Held Objects Incorporate Novel Object Dynamics.

Numerous studies have shown that people are adept at learning novel object dynamics, linking applied force and motion, when performing reaching movements with hand-held objects. Here we investigated whether the control of rapid corrective arm responses, elicited in response to visual perturbations, has access to such newly acquired knowledge of object dynamics. Participants first learned to make reaching movements while grasping an object subjected to complex load forces that depended on the distance and angle of the hand from the start position. During a subsequent test phase, we examined grip and load force coordination during corrective arm movements elicited (within ∼150 ms) in response to viewed sudden lateral shifts (1.5 cm) in target or object position. We hypothesized that, if knowledge of object dynamics is incorporated in the control of the corrective responses, grip force changes would anticipate the unusual load force changes associated with the corrective arm movements so as to support grasp stability. Indeed, we found that the participants generated grip force adjustments tightly coupled, both spatially and temporally, to the load force changes associated with the arm movement corrections. We submit that recently learned novel object dynamics are effectively integrated into sensorimotor control policies that support rapid visually driven arm corrective actions during transport of hand held objects. Significance statement: Previous studies have demonstrated that the motor system can learn, and make use of, internal models of object dynamics to generate feedforward motor commands. However, it is not known whether such internal models are incorporated into rapid, automatic arm movement corrections that compensate for errors that arise during movement. Here we demonstrate, for the first time, that internal models of novel object dynamics are integrated into rapid corrective arm movements made in response to visuomotor perturbations that, importantly, do not directly perturb the object.

Robotic Explosive Charging in Mining and Construction Applications

This paper describes the development and testing of a robotic system for charging blast holes in underground mining. The automation system supports four main tactical functions: detection of blast holes; teleoperated arm pose control; automatic arm pose control; and human-in-the-loop visual servoing. We present the system architecture, and analyze the major components, Hole detection is crucial for automating the process, and we discuss theoretical and practical aspects in detail. The sensors used are laser range finders and cameras installed in the end effector. For automatic insertion, we consider image processing techniques to support visual servoing the tool to the hole. We also discuss issues surrounding the control of heavy-duty mining manipulators, in particular, friction, stiction, and actuator saturation.

Automatic and Efficient Human Pose Estimation for Sign Language Videos

We present a fully automatic arm and hand tracker that detects joint positions over continuous sign language video sequences of more than an hour in length. To achieve this, we make contributions in four areas: (i) we show that the overlaid signer can be separated from the background TV broadcast using co-segmentation over all frames with a layered model; (ii) we show that joint positions (shoulders, elbows, wrists) can be predicted per-frame using a random forest regressor given only this segmentation and a colour model; (iii) we show that the random forest can be trained from an existing semi-automatic, but computationally expensive, tracker; and, (iv) introduce an evaluator to assess whether the predicted joint positions are correct for each frame. The method is applied to 20 signing footage videos with changing background, challenging imaging conditions, and for different signers. Our framework outperforms the state-of-the-art long term tracker by Buehler et al. (International Journal of Computer Vision 95:180---197, 2011), does not require the manual annotation of that work, and, after automatic initialisation, performs tracking in real-time. We also achieve superior joint localisation results to those obtained using the pose estimation method of Yang and Ramanan (Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, 2011).

Simulation of Automatic and Intelligent Mechanical Arm

This paper presents a robot image processing combined with the working principle of the technique on the intelligent mobile robot design. Mechanical arm can quickly determine the locations of target and Grip the target through image processing techniques, doesn't need to use the theory of complex image processing or additional sensors to measure depth. Programs can significantly reduce computation time, achieve real time operation. In this study, the company launched Autodesk Inventor software to simulate the mobile mechanical arm. In the simulation experiments, must consider the designed arm degree of freedom, and action fluency.

P2-129 Pre-pregnancy body mass index and blood pressure in the first trimester of pregnancy: preliminary results from a cohort of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

BackgroundWomen who have higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in early pregnancy are more prone to develop pregnancy complications such as hypertension, preeclampsia and eclampsia. These...