Automated Car Research Articles

An Automatic Car Counting System Using OverFeat Framework.

Automatic car counting is an important component in the automated traffic system. Car counting is very important to understand the traffic load and optimize the traffic signals. In this paper, we implemented the Gaussian Background Subtraction Method and OverFeat Framework to count cars. OverFeat Framework is a combination of Convolution Neural Network (CNN) and one machine learning classifier (like Support Vector Machines (SVM) or Logistic Regression). With this study, we showed another possible application area for the OverFeat Framework. The advantages and shortcomings of the Background Subtraction Method and OverFeat Framework were analyzed using six individual traffic videos with different perspectives, such as camera angles, weather conditions and time of the day. In addition, we compared the two algorithms above with manual counting and a commercial software called Placemeter. The OverFeat Framework showed significant potential in the field of car counting with the average accuracy of 96.55% in our experiment.

PLC based Multilevel Automatic Car Parking System

PLC based Multilevel Automatic Car Parking System

Biological Treatment of Car Wash Waste Waters

The purpose of this study was to examine how efficient a biological treatment process is in purifying car wash waste waters. Two Finnish automatic car washes having rotating bed biofilm reactors for waste water treatment were included in the study. Both of them are using 87 % of recycled water per car wash and only from 35 to 60 liters of fresh water. Samples were taken from the purified water tank every second week altogether seven times between the beginning of February and the end of May, 2012. The reduction of surfactants was at least 95 % and reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) between 87 and 95 % during the sampling period. Outdoor temperature seems not to have any significant effect on purification efficiency. Other water quality parameters such as conductivity, pH, oxygen concentration, total solids, and biological oxygen demand (BOD) were found to be on acceptable level based in comparison to values found in the literature. The high concentration of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the purified water was caused by nutrients added to the bioreactor for optimal conditions for the microbes. In the studied car washes, the waste water treatment process managed to reduce input load considerably. The main challenges for the quality of purified water seems to be optimal nutrient input as well as on-line monitoring system for water quality.

Design of Automatic Car Mat Cleaning Machine

Design of Automatic Car Mat Cleaning Machine

Driver beliefs regarding the benefits of reduced speeds

ABSTRACTDespite many studies of the benefits of reducing driving speeds for safety, vehicular emissions, and stress in driving, little is known regarding how drivers perceive these benefits and the factors influencing their beliefs. This article examines the factors influencing driver perceptions of the benefits attainable by reducing travel speeds. Driver perceptions of the extent to which reducing speed would lead to improved safety, lower emissions, and reduced stress and road rage were collected in an online survey of 3,538 drivers in Queensland, Australia. An analysis using seemingly unrelated regression showed that drivers of automatic cars and bicycle commuters more strongly agreed that lower speeds would provide these benefits than other drivers, whereas drivers who used premium fuel thought otherwise. Users of ethanol-blended fuel believed more strongly that reductions in speeds would reduce emissions. Young drivers less strongly agreed regarding emissions and stress than older drivers. Females, drivers of small cars, and those who drive frequently with passengers agreed more strongly that speed reductions would improve safety and reduce stress and road rage. These findings indicate a need to develop targeted educational and training programs to help drivers better understand these benefits to improve their willingness to reduce speeds.

Automatic Car License Plate Detection System for Odd and Even Series

Automatic Car License Plate Detection System for Odd and Even Series

The Challenges of Partially Automated Driving.

AUTONOMOUS CARS PROMISE to give us back the time we spend in traffic, improve the flow of traffic, reduce accidents, deaths, and injuries, and make personal car travel possible for everyone regardless of their abilities or condition. But despite impressive demonstrations and technical advances, many obstacles remain on the road to fully autonomous cars.20 Overcoming the challenges to enabling autonomous cars to safely operate in highly complex driving situations may take some time. Manufacturers already produce partially automated cars, and a spirited competition to deliver the most sophisticated ones is under way. Cars that provide high levels of automation in some circumstances (such as highway driving) have already arrived in the marketplace and promise to be in the hands of a large number of car owners in the next few years.

A Survey on Security challenges in Vehicular cloud computing

Vehicle Cloud Computing is a technology is the combination of different networks such as mobile ad hoc networks, wireless sensor networks, vehicular ad hoc networks, and cloud computing to provide better services for automatic cars such as controlling car movements and handling navigation system to provide reliable and shorter routes, which also ensures safety. Security and privacy are the two major challenges for all wireless or wired networks that allow users to share the same set of resources. The architecture of VCC can be classified into three layers: networks, the wireless communication channel and cloud computing. The first part is responsible for collecting the information and events from the environment. Then, this information is transferred to the cloud by using the wireless communication channel as a wireless access point. Therefore, the security of vehicular networks depends on providing the security of these three layers: Security of the network layer, Security of the transmission layer and Security of the cloud computing. In this paper, the security and privacy of VC are classified in three subsets such as security threats, security requirements, and security challenges. The security threats include various security issues that threaten the security of VC. There are some requirements that should be met to provide a secure environment in the VC. In the last group, some security challenges of VC and the applicable solutions to overcome these challenges are surveyed.

Design and Simulation of Microcontroller-based Automated Car Parking System

Design and Simulation of Microcontroller-based Automated Car Parking System

Automatic Vehicle Number Plate Recognition System using Matlab

Automatic number plate recognition is a mass surveillance method that uses optical character recognition on images to read the number plates on vehicles. Existing closed-circuit television or road-rule enforcement cameras, or specifically designed systems can be used for the task. This system is very helpful for traffic police to find the details of a car violating the traffic rules. Its applications also includes Automatic toll collection system and car parking systems.(1) In high security areas where parking space is reserved for VIP vehicle owners only, the parking gate will be opened after number recognition. In areas where parking space is allotted to a particular vehicle, wrong vehicle parked can be recognized. ANPR can be used to store the images captured by the cameras and the text from the number plate. Systems use infrared lighting to allow the camera to take the picture at any time of day. A powerful flash can also included in cameras, to both illuminate the picture and make the offender aware of his mistake. Due to plate variation from place to place ANPR technology tends to be region specific.

Recent Patents on Automated Transporting Vehicle in Automatic Car Parking System

The application of stereo-garage relieves the problem of short of parking spaces. The automated transporting vehicle applied in automatic car parking system further raises the efficiency and reliability of the system, and from structural considerations, the automated transporting vehicle is divided into two parts: movement mechanism and lifting mechanism. This paper reviews various representative patents related to the automated transporting vehicle, especially focuses on the navigation method of movement mechanism and the type of lifting mechanism. The differences of different methods and different types are compared and analyzed and the characters are concluded. In the end, current and future development of automated transporting vehicle are also discussed. Keywords: Automatic car parking system, automated transporting vehicle, lifting mechanism, movement mechanism, navigation method, stereo-garage.

Automatic Car Control with GPS and Camera based on Fuzzy Logic

Automatic Car Control with GPS and Camera based on Fuzzy Logic

Off to the Races

This article is on the efforts that are being made to manufacture and launch automatic cars successfully. Chris Gerdes and his team have been doing research and putting lot of efforts in designing self-driving cars that can handle emergencies even better than the very best human drivers. The research team studies professional race car drivers to learn minutest details for their algorithms and measurements. In a way, the research team analysts teach a car to drive like a race car driver - to calculate when to brake before a turn, how much to let up on the brake entering a turn, and how much to throttle coming out of it. Impressive for a car with no driver, however, Gerdes and his team want to raise the stakes. However, the team’s autonomous cars have operated alone on the tracks or roads. Now, Gerdes is ready to test them in traffic and on icy roads that will force the automated cars to adapt driving tactics midstream.

Number Plate Recognition (ANR) using Crimmins Complementary Hulling Algorithm

The crime of stolen vehicle in the metro city has rise now a days, to track the stolen vehicle the cops required the help of automatic Number Plate recognition (ANR). The use of ANR are not limited to the track stolen car but many more like automatic car parking system, automatic toll collection system etc. but the ANR system has many issues in implementation. Some ANR uses hardware repository to track the number of the vehicle which uses the CCTV camera to capture vehicle image. the extracting the number from the vehicle image. the image has to be noise free. In proposed method I implemented the new approach to remove the noise from vehicle image which is generated by the camera due to low sunlight as a result image will contain salt and paper noise. In proposed method crimmins speckle algorithm is used to remove the salt and paper noise.

Development and Implementation of an Automated Car Parking System

The problems related to shortages in car parking spaces in dense populated cities and areas is addressed, and the categories of automated advanced car parking systems based on their different technologies is presented. The concept of an automatic car parking system is also introduced and demonstrated through the development process of a prototype using a PIC microcontroller. Simulation for the system's circuits is done with the aid of Proteus software. The hardware circuits, which are built on printed circuit boards (PCB) are interfaced with actuators and sensors for automation purposes. The hardware is assembled to automatically open entry gates for cars while there are still some unoccupied parking spaces. The entry gate will not be opened, however as long as the car parking facility is full. Proper messages are displayed on a screen to reflect the status of the car parking facility.

Embracing the Imminent: Proposed Legislation for Automated Cars in Pennsylvania

Abstract

Design and Analysis of Automatic Car Park System with Capacity Control

The need for an automatic car park gate system has been in increase in recent times following the economic situation in present days. The circuit is aimed at eliminating manual operation of a car park. It incorporate the use of LM741 op-amp and CD4017 decade counter for controlling the number of vehicle that can have access to the parking premises and the circuit is fixed close to the gate with the sensor tragically located where it can sense the presence of a car. The light dependent resistor (LDR) senses both entrance and exit of the cars and this followed the maximum of three cars in the case of this design. As a monitoring and control system, when you comes close to the gate the light dependent resistor senses an incoming car which allows the gate to open automatically and closed when done. This process is same for outgoing cars. This module make use of an optical sensor, whose resistance changes with the intensity of light (Horowitz, 1980) the type use is ORP12 and it has a dark resistance of 10MΩ. When light rays are focused on the light dependent resistor (LDR), the resistance becomes very low (0-500Ω) but when the rays are interrupted, the increases to its dark resistance (Huiyu, 2010). The variable resistor is used to vary the sensitivity of the light dependent resistor. It is otherwise called dark activated sensor. For the design two conditions are considered. First, when light rays are focused on the ORP12, and second, when the rays are being interrupted. The counter registers and displays the number of vehicle crossing the gate (both entrance and exit) and allows maximum of three cars. Once the maximum is reached, the gate entrance remains closed and inaccessible, until another vehicle leaves the park. The car park system comprises of the sensor unit, trigger circuitry, display unit (switching unit) and the power supply unit.

Automatic Car Parking System for Parallel Parking Conditions

Abstract - This study will focus on the design of automatic parallel parking systems. The parking system is designed for small cars that use Arduino Mega 2560, HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor, optocoupler, DC motor and servomotor. The ultrasonic sensor and optocoupler SR-04 is the input (input) of this system that will be processed by the ATmega 2560 microcontroller. Each input will be processed by the microcontroller to determine the amplitude and direction of rotation of the servomotor in driving the car. This automatic parking system starts when the vehicle searches for a parking space that matches the specified size, and then maneuvers into the parking space. The work cycle of the PWM is the main element of speed control of a DC motor. The results of testing the system in stages starting from the forward detecting the parking space until backwards to do the parking process is done to get the size of the parking space as well as the ideal distance for parking as a whole which is ± 70 cm and ± 35 cm wide. The results showed that, first, the automatic parking system for parallel parking left and right worked well with an average success rate of 80% for space detection and 48% for left parking, 85% for space detection and 45% for parking at right side to finish with a size of 70 cm of parking space and 35 cm wide. Keyword : automatic parking, parallel parking left and right, counter parking

A NOVEL APPROACH OF LIFT CONTROL IN AUTOMATIC CAR PARKING USING PLC

In the today situation, where parking of four wheeler vehicle is very severe problem in urban region. It is crucial time to avoid the wastage of space in urban areas, as the no of vehicles are increasing day by day. An automatic parking (multilevel) strategy should be developed where parking problems arise intensively, which involves space reduction. In this paper a novel approach for lift control is proposed in fully automatic Level Car Parking System which used to take cars in/out of system & park the cars. Entire system is controlled using a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). As speed control is required for multiple speed setting & proper stopping accuracy, the lift will be driven by the VFD (Variable Frequency Drive) for speed control. The pallet position on lift, accurate positioning between lift-level & safety interlocks are sensed from dedicated sensor. EPLAN software for used for electrical panel design purpose whileTWINCAT PLC control is used for auto/manual modes programming & simulated results.

Review on Automatic Car Parking Indicator System

Review on Automatic Car Parking Indicator System