Autogenous Tooth Research Articles

Clinical observation of three-dimensional printing donor tooth model in peri-operative period of autotransplantation of tooth

Objective: To prepare a three-dimensional (3D) printing donor tooth model and to observe its application in the peri-operative period. Methods: In part one, 192 cases (2017.9-2019.8) from Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University ［107 males and 85 females, age (34.2±10.7) years］ which need autotransplantation of teeth (ATT) were collected. Whether the donor teeth can be completely extracted was predicted through clinical and imaging examination (first prediction). The second prediction was supplemented by the three-dimensional printing model of the donor teeth. Each of the prediction was compared with the actual results and the coincidence rate was calculated. In part two, 64 cases (2017.9-2019.8) from Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University ［28 males, 36 females, age (30.2±8.3) years］ which need ATT were randomly divided into the model group and the donor group. The time of alveolar fossa preparation, time of donor tooth in vitro, times of trial implantation and time of pulptomy and root canal location were recorded respectively. Results: In part one, the coincidence rate between the second prediction and the actual results ［97.4%(187/192)］ was significantly higher than that of the first prediction ［93.2%(179/192)］ (P<0.05). In part two, the preparation time of the alveolar fossa in the maxillary and mandibular were (18.8±4.6) and (22.7±3.4) min, the time of the teeth in vitro were (3.0±0.6) and (2.1±0.6) min, the times of trial implantation were (1.3±0.8) and (1.0±0.9), and the time of pulpotomy and root canal location were (4.3±0.6) and (4.0±0.5) min. All values in the model groups were better than those in the donor group (P<0.05). Conclusions: The 3D printing model is accurate. It can be used in autogenous tooth transplantation to shorten the preparation time of alveolar fossa and time of donor tooth in vitro, and reduce the times of trial implantation of donor teeth, and to help to improve the prediction accuracy of complete extraction of donor teeth and the time of pulpotomy and root canal location.

Microstructural volumetric analysis of vertical alveolar ridge augmentation using autogenous tooth roots.

To volumetrically assess the bone microstructure following vertical alveolar ridge augmentation using differently conditioned autogenous tooth roots (TR) and second-stage implant placement. The upper premolars were bilaterally extracted in n = 4 beagle dogs and randomly assigned to either autoclavation (TR-A) or no additional treatment (TR-C). Subsequently, TR were used as block grafts for vertical alveolar ridge augmentation in both lower quadrants. At 12 weeks, titanium implants were inserted and left to heal 3 weeks. Microcomputed tomography was used to quantify bone volume per tissue volume (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), and trabecular spacing (Tb.Sp) at vestibular (v) and oral (o) aspects along the implant and in the augmented upper half of the implant, respectively. Median BV/TV [TR-C: 51.33% (v) and 70.42% (o) vs TR-A: 44.05% (v) and 64.46% (o)], Tb.th [TR-C: 0.22 mm (v) and 0.27 mm (o) vs TR-A: 0.23 mm (v) and 0.29 mm (o)] and Tb.Sp [TR-C: 0.26 mm (v) and 0.13 mm (o) vs TR-A: 0.29 μm (v) and 0.15 mm (o)] values were comparable in both groups. Both TR-C and TR-A grafts were associated with a comparable bone microstructure within the grafted area.

A neoteric procedure for alveolar ridge preservation using autogenous fresh mineralized tooth graft prepared at chair side

BackgroundAlveolar bone loss can occur as a result of aggressive maneuvering due to iatrogenic trauma during teeth extraction or due to normal post-extraction socket healing. Tooth if used as a whole grafting material then successful osteoconductive remodeling can be expected because low-crystalline apatite is the main minerals in bone tissue. A study was conducted in the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery focused on the potential for osteoconduction, osteoinduction, and osteogenesis by growth factors in the tooth and related histogenesis between the tooth and bone. Radiographic evaluation of alveolar ridge preservation was performed using a 3D imaging technique as well as histologically using Autogenous fresh mineralized tooth graft prepared at the chairside. ResultsA total of 30 patients were included in the study. The data was subjected to statistical analysis and the comparison of quantitative data was done using paired t-test. ConclusionThe outcome of this study suggests that chair side autogenous tooth graft can be used for socket survival, sinus and ridge augmentation as it is less time consuming, easy to prepare, with lower bone resorption speed, osteoinduction, osteoconduction, osteogenetic properties, and excellent primary implant stability.

The use of 3D additive manufacturing technology in autogenous dental transplantation

BackgroundIn medicine and dentistry, 3D technology allows the virtual planning and printing of surgical replicas of anatomical structures that can facilitate certain transplant procedures. In dentistry, 3D technology is useful in autogenous tooth transplantation.Case presentationWe present a clinical case of an ectopic mandibular second premolar, describing the preoperative planning with dental replicas and the autotransplantation surgery. 3D prints of the surgical replica of the tooth to be transplanted was made using an Objet30 Prime® Printer, PolyJet. Clinical controls performed at 3, 6 and 12 months indicated the satisfactory evolution of the transplanted tooth.Conclusion3D additive manufacturing technology allows the preparation of a new recipient socket with the aid of a surgical replica of the tooth to be transplanted, thus minimizing handling and extraoral time.

Short-term outcomes of lateral extraction socket augmentation using autogenous tooth roots: A prospective observational study.

To assess the short-term clinical outcomes of lateral augmentation of deficient extraction sockets and two-stage implant placement using autogenous tooth roots (TR). A total of n=13 patients (13 implants) were available for the analysis. At the time of tooth extraction, each subject had received lateral augmentation using the respective non-retainable but non-infected tooth root where the thickness of the buccal bone was <0.5mm or where a buccal dehiscence-type defect was present. Titanium implants were placed after a submerged healing period of 6months and loaded after 20±2weeks (V8). Clinical parameters (e.g., bleeding on probing-BOP, probing pocket depth-PD, mucosal recession-MR, clinical attachment level-CAL) were recorded at V8 and after 26±4weeks (V9) of implant loading. At V9, all patients investigated revealed non-significant changes in mean BOP (-19.23±35.32%), PD (0.24±0.49mm), MR (0.0±0.0mm) and CAL (0.24±0.49mm) values, respectively. There was no significant correlation between the initial gain in ridge width and changes in BOP and PD values. The surgical procedure was associated with stable peri-implant tissues on the short-term.

Conservative treatment of traumatic crown fracture extending into cementum by glass post aided adhesive bonding of autogenous tooth fragment: A report of two cases

Advancement in the adhesive system has made fragment reattachment a viable treatment option for treating tooth fractures. It offers a simple and conservative technique to restore esthetics and function. Reattachment of a completely disjointed crown may need additional fiber post retention due to the greater functional load borne by the fragment. This article reports two cases of complicated crown root fracture managed by utilizing fiber post to reattach the disjointed crown fragment. The reattached fragment has shown reliable retentivity and periodontal health at 1-year follow-up.

The influence of storage temperature on fracture behavior of cryopreserved teeth-An in vitro study.

ObjectivesCryopreservation is discussed as a viable method of preserving teeth for determined autogenous tooth transplantation. Unchanged physical properties of hard tooth tissues are crucial for functional healing. Due to different thermal expansion coefficients of enamel and dentin or the crystallization process, the freezing process may lead to crack formation, which could adversely impact the long‐term prognosis of the teeth.Material and methodsTwenty third molars (n = 20) were frozen slowly using a conservative cryopreservation protocol and stored at −80°C (group 1) and −196°C (group 2). After a storage time of 2 weeks, the samples were thawed to a temperature of +36°C and embedded in polymethyl methacrylate blocks. Cyclic loading was carried out using a spherical steel test specimen with 50,000 mechanical load cycles, followed by load to failure testing for determination of critical load.ResultsNo significant difference in the first load drop could be detected during the load to failure test under different storage conditions. The values until fracture correlated very closely in contralateral tooth pairs, which emphasizes the importance of crown geometry in load to failure tests.ConclusionsConclusions: Cryopreservation, specifically the storage temperature, does not appear to have a significant effect on the physical properties of tooth transplants.

Bone Regeneration in Peri-Implant Defect Using Autogenous Tooth Biomaterial Enriched with Platelet-Rich Fibrin in Animal Model

Tooth biomaterial may be useful in bone regeneration for restoring peri-implant defects in vivo. The aim of this study was to compare bone regeneration capacity in peri-implant defects augmented with autogenous tooth biomaterial combined with platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), tooth biomaterial alone, or PRF alone. Two monocortical defects were generated on each tibia of 10 New Zealand white rabbits (n = 10 per group) with a trephine bur, and the dental implant was installed into the defects. In experimental groups 1, 2, and 3, the peri-implant defects were filled with tooth biomaterial and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), tooth biomaterial only, and PRF only, respectively and the control was left empty. Micro computed tomography (CT), implant stability, and histomorphometric analysis were conducted eight weeks after operation. The mean regenerated bone areas were 53.87 ± 7.60%, 51.56 ± 6.45%, and 18.45 ± 1.34% in experimental groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively, and 11.57 ± 1.12% in the control. Mean bone-to-implant contact values were 43.67 ± 2.50%, 41.07 ± 2.59%, and 21.45 ± 1.25% in experimental groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively, and 16.57 ± 2.83% in the control. Tooth biomaterial enriched with platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and tooth biomaterial alone showed more enhanced regeneration than PRF alone in our study.

Effects of Autogenous Tooth Bone Graft and Platelet-Rich Fibrin in Peri-Implant Defects: An Experimental Study in an Animal Model.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of autogenous tooth bone graft (ATBG) combined with platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on bone healing in rabbit peri-implant osseous defects. Eighteen New Zealand rabbits were divided into 3 groups. Bone defects were prepared in each rabbit, and then an implant cavity was created in the defects. Dental implants were placed, and the peri-implant bone defects were treated with the following 3 methods: no graft material was applied in the control group, bone defects were treated with ATBG in the ATBG group, and bone defects were treated with ATBG combined with PRF in the ATBG+PRF group. After 28 days, the rabbits were sacrificed, and the dental implants with surrounding bone were removed. New bone formation and the percentage of bone-to-implant contact (BIC) were determined with histomorphometric evaluations. New bone formation was significantly higher in the ATBG+PRF group than the control and ATBG groups (P < .05). In addition, BIC was significantly higher in the ATBG+PRF group than in the control and ATBG groups (P < .05). The combination of ATBG with PRF contributed to bone healing in rabbits with peri-implant bone defects.

Application of Platelet-Rich Fibrin as Regeneration Assistant in Immediate Auototransplantation of Third Molar with Unformed Roots: Case Report and Review of Literature

Background Autogenous Tooth Transplantation (ATT) is the surgical movement of a maturely or immaturely formed tooth from its original site to another extraction site or a surgically prepared socket in the same individual. The most important factor in the healing process after autotransplantation is the presence of intact and viable periodontal ligament cells, which have the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts and able to induce bone production. ATT can successfully replace removable dentures as a restoration option in a growing patient, while implants can be placed only after skeletal maturity is attained. Case Presentation. In this case, we presented an immediate ATT of the third molar with unformed roots to the extraction socket of the first molar with evidence of continued root formation after 2 years of follow-up. Conclusion Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF) can induce sustainable and accelerated healing, and it can also induce the regeneration process of the periodontal tissues and pulpal formation. This process plays a key role in future root development and success rate.

Lateral Extraction Socket Augmentation with Autogenous Tooth Roots

Lateral Extraction Socket Augmentation with Autogenous Tooth Roots

Using extracted teeth as a novel graft material in atrophic ridge augmentation: A report of two cases with histology and cone-beam computed tomography

After a dental extraction procedure, the extracted teeth are discarded disregarding their properties as an excellent graft material. The use of extracted teeth as a graft material was first performed by Dr. Marshall Urist in 1967, where he discovered and verified that the decalcified dentin matrix can induce bone formation, but his decalcification method took at least 5 days to accomplish before being able to use it as a graft material. Currently, an ultrasonic technology with temperature and vacuum control, named VacuaSonic® System reduces the decalcification time dramatically (≤80 min) converting the tooth into graft material at chairside immediately after the dental extraction with the result being an autogenous tooth graft material (ATG). The aim of this article is to introduce two clinical cases: one case of alveolar ridge augmentation, and the other, socket preservation using ATG mixed with liquid-phase concentrated growth factors (LP-CGF) prepared at chairside on the same day of the dental extraction procedure. LP-CGF is obtained from the same patient, which was collected in blood collection tubes and processed by a special centrifuge device. The result obtained by mixing ATG with LP-CGF is a graft matrix named “Gummy Tooth Graft.”

Immediate Ridge Augmentation Using Autogenous Tooth Root as a Block Graft in a Periodontally Hopeless Extraction Site: A Pilot Study.

The aim of the our study was to assess the efficacy of autogenous tooth root as a block bone graft in reconstructing the vertical and horizontal dimensions at periodontally hopeless extraction sites both clinically and radiographically. A total of 13 patients having a tooth with periodontally hopeless prognosis and indicated for extraction were included in the study. Following atraumatic extraction, the tooth was processed to create a decoronated cementum-free dentin block which was used to augment the extraction socket. The augmentation of periodontally hopeless socket with tooth block autograft resulted in a gain of clinical ridge width of 5.9 mm radiographically, the apico-coronal defect depth reduced up to 8.2 mm (P = .001), and a gain in ridge width of 5.8 mm postoperatively after 6 months (P = .001). The present study demonstrated the effectiveness of using tooth root as a block graft for ridge augmentation in the periodontally hopeless extraction site making it suitable for implant placement in future.

Immediate implant placement in anterior teeth with grafting material of autogenous tooth bone vs xenogenic bone

BackgroundThe aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of the autogenous tooth bone and xenogenic bone grafted in immediate implant placement with bone defect.MethodsThirty patients whose compromised anterior teeth need immediate implant placement were enrolled. Autogenous tooth bone made from the extracted teeth by chair-side or the xenogenic bone were used to repaired bone defect. Clinical examination, radiographic assessment about the horizontal bone change in the level of 0 mm, 3 mm and 6 mm below the implant neck and the marginal bone loss were made immediately, 6 and 12 months after implant placement. Questionnaire of the feelings about the surgery were made at the time of removing the sutures.ResultsAll implants achieved the success criteria without any complications at the follow-up period. The percent of the horizontal bone change and the marginal bone loss at 6 and 12 months were almost the same between two groups (P > .05). The horizontal bone loss at the first or the latter 6 months was almost the same (P > .05). But the horizontal bone loss at the 6 mm level was less than the 0 mm and 3 mm levels at 6 and 12 months (P < .05). Meanwhile patients seem more satisfied with the autogenous tooth bone derived from the questionnaire.ConclusionThe bone volume change in the facial part of the implant after immediate placement is almost the same between two groups. Providing clinical evidence that the autogenous tooth bone made from compromised tooth can be an acceptable bone graft material.

Age Old Treatment with a Change: Auto Transplantation

One of the goals of dentistry is to replace missing teeth to restore function of mastication and aesthetics. Autogenous tooth transplantation or auto-transplant of natural teeth is the surgical transplantation of vital or root canal treated tooth from its original location in the mouth to another site of the same individual.The successful auto-transplantation of the third molar was initially reported by Fong in the year 1953. Auto-transplantation is a feasible, fast and economical option for the treatment of non-salvageable teeth. This is possible only when a suitable donor tooth is available. The outcome of any surgical procedure carried out is dependenton careful case selection along with detail understanding of biological principles involved in the procedure. Success rates reported in studies which are previously reported vary considerably, ranging from 74-100% for transplantation of third molars. The prognosis of auto-transplantation is generally good not only because of the probability of tooth integration inthe alveolar bone, but also due to lack of any his to compatibility problem which is associated with other kinds of transplant.

Evaluation of New Bone Formation Using Autogenous Tooth Bone Graft Combined with Platelet-Rich Fibrin in Calvarial Defects.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the contributions of autogenous tooth bone graft (ATBG) combined with platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on new bone formation and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 in rabbit calvarial defects. Twelve male New Zealand rabbits were used in this study. Three circular bone defects were prepared in each rabbit with a drill. These defects were divided into 3 groups: control, treated with ATBG, and treated with ATBG+PRF. The animals were sacrificed at 28 days. Samples were evaluated by histomorphometric analyses and total augmented area, new bone area and bone density were calculated. In addition, expression of BMP-2 was determined by immunohistochemical staining. The total augmented area, new bone area and bone density were significantly greater in the ATBG group than in the control group (P <0.05). Also, these values were significantly higher in the ATBG+PRF group than the ATBG group (P <0.05). Test groups demonstrated significantly increased BMP-2 levels compared with the control group (P <0.05). The present study suggested that ATBG combined with PRF significantly increased the new bone formation and enhanced bone healing in cranial defects.

Short-term outcomes of staged lateral alveolar ridge augmentation using autogenous tooth roots. A prospective controlled clinical study.

To assess the short-term clinical outcomes of lateral alveolar ridge augmentation using autogenous tooth roots (TR) and autogenous bone blocks (AB). A total of n=23 patients (23 implants) were available for the analysis. Each subject was allocated to lateral ridge augmentation using either (a) healthy autogenous tooth roots (e.g., retained wisdom or impacted teeth; n=13) or (b) cortical autogenous bone blocks harvested from the retromolar area (n=10). Clinical parameters (e.g., bleeding on probing-BOP, probing pocket depth-PD, mucosal recession-MR, clinical attachment level-CAL) were recorded at (V8) and after 26±4weeks (V9) of implant loading. TR and AB groups were associated with comparable (p>0.05) changes in mean BOP (-23.0±34.3%; -11.75±24.9%), PD (-0.03±0.14mm; -0.1±0.29mm), MR (0.0±0.0mm; 0.0±0.0mm) and CAL (-0.03±0.14mm; -0.1±0.29mm) values. The regression analysis failed to reveal any significant correlations between changes in BOP and PD values and the initial as well as the ridge width measured at 26weeks. TR and AB were associated with comparable clinical short-term outcomes.

Autogenous tooth roots for lateral extraction socket augmentation and staged implant placement. A prospective observational study.

To assess the feasibility of using autogenous tooth roots (TR) for a lateral augmentation of deficient extraction sockets and two-stage implant placement. A total of 15 patients were recruited to perform a simultaneous, lateral augmentation of deficient (i.e., thickness of the buccal bone<0.5mm or buccal dehiscence-type defects) fresh extraction sockets using the respective non-retainable but non-infected teeth (n=15). After 26weeks of submerged healing, the primary endpoint was defined as the crestal ridge width (mm) (CW26) being sufficient to place an adequately dimensioned titanium implant at the respective sites. The surgical procedure could be accomplished in n=14 patients. Soft tissue healing was uneventful in all patients. CW26 at visit 6 allowed for a successful implant placement in all patients (e.g., 14/14). Mean CW26 values amounted to 10.85±2.71mm (median: 8.5). The change (4.89±2.29mm) in CW compared to baseline was statistically significant (p<0.001). The usage of TR may represent a feasible approach for lateral augmentation of deficient extraction sockets and two-stage implant placement.

Alveolar Ridge Preservation after Tooth Extraction Using Different Bone Graft Materials and Autologous Platelet Concentrates: a Systematic Review.

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo review and assess the efficiency of different post extraction socket preservation techniques.Material and MethodsAn electronic literature search was performed on the MEDLINE and Embase databases. The review included human studies published between from January 1st, 2007 to January 1st, 2018, in English. Outcome measures included dimensional changes and/or histological evaluation of alveolar bone.ResultsTwenty-six full text articles were reviewed, 16 of which met the inclusion criteria and were selected for the study. Autogenous tooth graft prevented vertical resorption the most: -0.28 (SD 0.13) mm, observation period (OP): 4 months, while the least effective approach was beta tri-calcium phosphate (β-TCP): -1.72 (SD 0.56) mm, OP: 4 months. Estimating horizontal resorption, the most effective technique was biphasic calcium sulphate (BCS) with β-TCP and hydroxyapatite (HA) - BCS + TCP + HA: 0.03 (SD 2.32) mm, OP: 4 months, while β-TCP was the least efficient: -1.45 (SD 0.4) mm, OP: 4 months. Evaluating residual graft particles (RG) and newly formed bone (NFB) ratio the best results were achieved with demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft: RG: 8.88%, NFB: 38.42%, OP: 5 months, whereas magnesium-enriched hydroxyapatite was least effective: RG: 40.82%, NFB: 31.85%, OP: 4 months.ConclusionsThis review revealed that even though there are numerous types of biomaterials for socket preservation none of them can completely stop alveolar bone loss after tooth extraction. Furthermore, lack of information about qualitative evaluation of bone was noticed indicating that further studies regarding this topic are needed.

Efficacy of autogenous teeth for the reconstruction of alveolar ridge deficiencies: a systematic review.

The aim of this systematic review was to critically evaluate the currently existing clinical evidence on the efficacy of autogenous teeth (AT) for the reconstruction of alveolar ridge deficiencies. A search protocol was developed to answer the focused question: "In patients exhibiting alveolar ridge deficiencies and being in need of an implant retained restoration, what is the efficacy of reconstructive procedures employing AT on changes in ridge dimensions compared with control measures?" Uncontrolled studies were also included to assess the overall efficacy of AT for specific procedures. A total of six studies (one randomized, one non-randomized controlled, two observational, one controlled case series, one retrospective) were identified. Two studies used AT for staged lateral augmentation, whereas four studies used AT as a demineralized dentin matrix (AutoBT) for the simultaneous grafting of dehiscence-type defects, vertical augmentation of post-extraction sockets, and lateral/transcrestal sinus floor elevation. The reported clinical outcomes following the application of either AT or AutoBT were within the range of those data noted in the respective control groups. Adverse events were commonly not observed. The available limited studies involved relatively small patient samples and short follow-up periods but pointed to the potential of AT to serve as an alternative material for the reconstruction of alveolar ridge deficiencies. AT appear to be effective in reconstructing alveolar ridge deficiencies.