Autogenic Training Research Articles

ФОРМУВАННЯ МОРАЛЬНО-ВОЛЬОВИХ ЯКОСТЕЙ МАЙБУТНІХ ОФІЦЕРІВ-ПРИКОРДОННИКІВ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ ПРИКОРДОННОЇ СЛУЖБИ УКРАЇНИ

У статті обґрунтовується необхідність і можливість формування морально-вольових якостей майбутніх офіцерів-прикордонників Державної прикордонної служби України (далі – ДПСУ) в рамках навчально-тренувального комплексу. Мета – виявлення особливостей процесу формуванн морально-вольових якостей майбутніх офіцерів-прикордонників ДПСУ і визначення напрямів їх вдосконалення. Виділено бінарні психологічні стани: сприятливі і несприятливі, актуальні і потенційні. Виявлено важливу роль як внутрішніх психічних процесів, так і зовнішніх обставин діяльності в формуванні морально-вольових якостей.Нав едено класифікацію перед стресових станів, що виникають у службовій діяльності прикордонників, і розкрито їх зміст. В рамках комплексного підходу до рішення психологічних завдань окреслено основні компоненти методики формування морально-вольових якостей. Запропоновано методи, послідовність і психолого-педагогічні умови формування морально-вольових якостей у майбутніх офіцерів-прикордонників ДПСУ. У статті використані загальнонаукові (аналіз, дедукція) методи, методи психології (метод зовнішнього спостереження, порівняльної інтерпретації, бесіди) методи регуляції психологічних станів (рефреймінг, аутогенні тренування). Засоби навчально-тренувального комплексу включають психорегулююче тренування з використанням словесних формул, що викликають м’язове розслаблення, яскравих образних уявлень, що впливають на психічний стан; психотехнічні вправи, спрямовані на розвиток уяви, здатності концентрації уваги, підвищення завадостійкості; групові та індивідуальні бесіди, що сприяють формуванню інтересу до майбутніх занять щодо вдосконалення професійних навичок, підвищення обсягу знань про психологічну підготовку і її значенні.Морально-вольові якості як особистісні характеристики дозволяють усвідомлено регулювати прикордоннику свою поведінку і діяльність, що виражаються в умінні долати внутрішні і зовнішні труднощі при здійсненніцілеспрямованих дій і вчинків.

Prevention of emotional burnout syndrome in healthcare workers within the framework of corporate activities to promote health in the workplace in Sanatorium «Krasivo»

A great number of highly qualified doctors and healthcare professionals are subject to emotional burnout. Implementation of measures aimed at developing resistance to emotional and psychological stress in the course of activities of healthcare workers will prevent "burnout syndrome". Introduction of psychological sessions of autogenic training, relaxation and self-regulation of the mental state can be used as part of corporate health measures in the workplace and can quickly restore performance, which helps prevent the syndrome of emotional burnout in healthcare workers.

Enhancing unconditional self-acceptance in people with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder through autogenic training

Enhancing unconditional self-acceptance in people with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder through autogenic training

Burn-out and stress percipience benefits of a stress management program by autogenic relaxation training for teachers: A pilot study

Stress in the present world is an indivisible piece of life, regardless of social position and status. It is definitely experienced by all in different magnitude in daily life. Burnout is characterized as a negative mental encounter that is responses to work-related pressure. It relates to emotions experienced that require repeated exposure to emotionally charged social situations. In this manner, it is a work-related risk to which all individuals are uncovered, including teachers. The teaching profession is under large occupational pressure and prone to job burnout. The study aims to (i) assess the level of occupational burnout and stress among teachers of private and fully aided schools in the post-test for the experimental and control groups. (ii) to determine the effectiveness of autogenic relaxation on occupational burnout and stress among teachers of private and fully aided schools. A quantitative research approach with a True experimental design with experimental and control group, pre-test - post-test control group design was adopted for this study. The study focused on the selected schools in Vellore district. Totally, 28 participants selected by consecutive sampling techniques with the age of 25-60 years. Based on the inclusion criteria and availability of teachers, they were allocated into the control group (n=14) and experimental group (n=14).Demographic variables, occupational burnout, stress were assessed by using (Maslach burnout inventory and teacher stress inventory) it was analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. Stress management program by autogenic training once a week for 6 weeks was given. This program was prepared based on existing research and studies. We found that the median value in the pre-test is significantly different from the median value in the post-test for Maslach Burnout Inventory; the median value is significantly different for the emotional exhaustion sub-scale (t=216 and P=0.02). No significant difference was observed for depersonalization and personal accomplishment sub-scale. In the Teacher stress inventory the median value is significantly different for cardiovascular manifestations (t=201 and p=0.945); Fatigue manifestations (t=229 and p=0.229). No significant difference was observed for time management, work-related stressors, professional distress, discipline and motivation, professional investment, fatigue manifestations, emotional manifestations, gastronomical manifestations, and behavioral manifestations. This research suggests that autogenic relaxation training interventions with teachers are effective in reducing burn-out and stress.

Burn-out and stress percipience benefits of a stress management program by autogenic relaxation training for teachers: A pilot study

Stress in the present world is an indivisible piece of life, regardless of social position and status. It is definitely experienced by all in different magnitude in daily life. Burnout is characterized as a negative mental encounter that is responses to work-related pressure. It relates to emotions experienced that require repeated exposure to emotionally charged social situations. In this manner, it is a work-related risk to which all individuals are uncovered, including teachers. The teaching profession is under large occupational pressure and prone to job burnout. The study aims to (i) assess the level of occupational burnout and stress among teachers of private and fully aided schools in the post-test for the experimental and control groups. (ii) to determine the effectiveness of autogenic relaxation on occupational burnout and stress among teachers of private and fully aided schools. A quantitative research approach with a True experimental design with experimental and control group, pre-test - post-test control group design was adopted for this study. The study focused on the selected schools in Vellore district. Totally, 28 participants selected by consecutive sampling techniques with the age of 25-60 years. Based on the inclusion criteria and availability of teachers, they were allocated into the control group (n=14) and experimental group (n=14).Demographic variables, occupational burnout, stress were assessed by using (Maslach burnout inventory and teacher stress inventory) it was analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. Stress management program by autogenic training once a week for 6 weeks was given. This program was prepared based on existing research and studies. We found that the median value in the pre-test is significantly different from the median value in the post-test for Maslach Burnout Inventory; the median value is significantly different for the emotional exhaustion sub-scale (t=216 and P=0.02).

Case Report : Self-monitoring and Autogenic Training Relieved Dyspnea Effectively in a Patient with Interstitial Pneumonia who had been Receiving Home Oxygen Therapy

Case Report : Self-monitoring and Autogenic Training Relieved Dyspnea Effectively in a Patient with Interstitial Pneumonia who had been Receiving Home Oxygen Therapy

Aspects of Studying Self-Adjustment of Mental States of the Employees of Internal Affairs Agencies of Ukraine within Professional Activity

The article is focused on the research of self-regulation of mental states that arise in the employees of law enforcement agencies of Ukraine during the performance of professional activity in the conditions of extreme situations. The relevance of the research is currently increasing due to the need to increase resilience and overcome difficult life situations that often occur in the modern world.
 It has been determined that the professional activity of the employees of law enforcement agencies of Ukraine has its features, which require not only the professional competence of a specialist, but also certain personal qualities, with adaptation to extreme situations.
 The concepts of mental self-regulation, self-regulation and general ability to self-regulation have been analyzed. The basic levels of self-regulation related to professional activity (psycho-physiological, socio-psychological, psychological, spiritual) and corresponding self-regulatory abilities (emotional and psycho-physiological states, activity regulation, personal self-regulation, higher self-regulation ability) have been highlighted. They often occur while law enforcement officers perform their professional duties and lead to the emergence of negative mental states.
 The concept and main characteristics of an extreme situation have been characterized; self-regulation regulatory systems have been listed, which at the same time act as levels of self-regulation that ensures the effectiveness of professional activities of police officers in extreme situations.
 The author has studied methods of psychological influence (autogenic training and its variants, naive methods of self-regulation, the simplest methods of self-regulation, ideomotor training and neuro-linguistic programming), which are necessary for solving the set task.
 The author of the article describes how to possess various techniques of mental self-regulation, which allow to optimize the mental states and behavior of police officers in extreme situations.
 The conducted analysis of the aspect of studying self-regulation of mental states of police officers in professional activities to extreme situations demonstrates the possession of techniques of mental self-regulation and different levels and abilities of self-regulation, which allow to optimize the mental state and behavior of police officers.

EBM vs. GOÄ: Autogenes Training & Co.

EBM vs. GOÄ: Autogenes Training & Co.

Mind-body treatments of irritable bowel syndrome symptoms: An updated meta-analysis

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a widespread chronic functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorder having bidirectional comorbidity with psychiatric disorders. This review focuses on psychological treatment of IBS, focusing on symptom severity rather than IBS diagnostic criteria. We chose this dimensional approach in order to assess mind-body effects as an alternative or complement to conventional medical treatment, which focuses on symptom relief. We calculated the effect sizes for various psychosocial-mind-body therapies (MBTs) for IBS symptoms in both children and adults. Therapies included meditation, relaxation, yoga, autogenic training, progressive relaxation, general training in stress coping, hypnotherapy, biofeedback, psycho-education, psychodynamic psychotherapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy. We performed a meta-regression analyses and mixed effects contrasts to find various outcome differences, and we analyzed their relative efficacy in both children and adults. We found 53 studies in 50 reports describing randomized controlled trials. Medium to high effect sizes were found across all methods compared with various controls, with possibly higher effects for children. We found no systematic differences among treatment methods. Meta-regression analyses showed no significant effect for the presence of psychophysiological training, meditation or explicit exposure procedures as treatment components, although most MBTs include exposure as a nonexplicit treatment characteristic, and many relaxation techniques have meditative characteristics. We conclude that there is considerable evidence that an array of mind-body and other psychological therapies can be effective complements to medical treatment for IBS symptom severity, with little evidence for relative superiority of any particular approach. We suggest that the various methods may operate through different mechanisms.

Mindfulness Training Has Elements Common to Other Techniques

This article presents the argument that mindfulness-based meditation (MM) techniques are beneficial and share many of the same outcomes as similar mind-centered practices such as transcendental meditation, prayer, imagery, and visualization and body-centered practices such as progressive muscle relaxation (PMR), autogenic training (AT), and yoga. For example, many standardized mind-body techniques such as mindfulness-based stress reduction and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (a) are associated with a reduction in symptoms of anxiety and depression, (b) can be mastered in relatively brief time frames, and (c) are relatively cost-effective. Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies suggest that MM, along with other mind-body techniques, can influence brain centers that regulate stress reactions (e.g., eliciting increased activity in cerebral areas related to attention and emotion regulation). Furthermore, MM and other mind-body techniques may provide benefit by mediating breathing processes that in turn regulate gamma aminobutyric acid, a major inhibitory neurotransmitter, which can quiet the overactivation of the sympathetic nervous system. This article compares the efficacy of mindfulness-based techniques to that of other self-regulation techniques and identifies components shared between mindfulness-based techniques and several previous self-regulation techniques, including PMR, AT, and transcendental meditation. The authors conclude that most of the commonly used self-regulation strategies have comparable efficacy and share many elements. The authors propose that additional research is needed to explore shared mechanisms among the self-regulation techniques and to identify any factors that might favor using one technique over another.

Special Issue: Integrating Mindfulness Training with Clinical Biofeedback: Practical Applications

This special issue continues the focus of the spring and summer 2018 issues (Volume 46, Issues 1 and 2) on the benefits of integrating mindfulness and biofeedback approaches and identifies several new areas of application in pediatric biofeedback, the treatment of adults with intellectual disabilities, care for persons with respiratory illness and mechanical ventilation, and the management of chronic multiple sclerosis.The issue opens with an article by two leaders in biofeedback, who argue that mindfulness is as a natural extension of the awareness training inherent in biofeedback and other self-regulation approaches. Eric Peper and Richard Harvey compare mindfulness with other self-regulation strategies, such as progressive muscle relaxation, autogenic training, and transcendental meditation. They identify common elements shared by mindfulness with other self-regulation strategies. They also argue that most of the commonly used self-regulation strategies have comparable efficacy. They suggest mechanisms making many such self-regulation skills effective, including effects on the gamma aminobutyric acid neurotransmitter system. Finally, they call for further research to explore dropout rates, adverse effects, and other dimensions of mindfulness training.Next, Jonathan Sikorski and Olivia Hernandez-Gonzalez address the challenges in applying mindfulness-based interventions with two special populations. They point out that young children often struggle with communicating their needs, feelings, and desires with others. Adults with intellectual disabilities face similar challenges. The authors introduce practical strategies they have developed to introduce mindfulness skills for these two groups. They also use biofeedback as a tool to assist both groups in enhancing internal awareness of the link between emotions and physiological sensations. To illustrate their approach, they present two case narratives, the first a 10-year-old boy with generalized anxiety disorder, and the second a 28-year-old adult with Prader-Willi syndrome and intellectual disabilities.Urszula Klich presents a case study illustrating her clinical approach, which emphasizes teaching self-regulation and compassion. The case example in her article presents a patient with a tracheostomy who is experiencing anxiety related to pain and anxiety about eventual removal of her vent. Mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory insufficiency accounts for approximately 800,000 hospitalizations each year, and discontinuation of mechanical ventilation is challenging for patients and care teams alike. Klich combined compassion-based strategies with biofeedback to reduce anxiety about decannulation (removal of the tracheostomy tube). Her interventions included mindfulness meditation, breath training, heart rate variability training, loving kindness meditation, and the use of mindfulness strategies to ameliorate anxiety.In the final article, Donald Moss discusses the integration of mindfulness training, clinical biofeedback, and lifestyle change in the management of multiple sclerosis (MS). Moss provides a discussion of the medical diagnosis and treatment of MS, a review of the epidemiology and genetics of the condition, and a case narrative describing a 36-year-old woman with a pattern of chronic relapsing MS. This chapter also shows the use of the Pathways Model to organize treatment. The Pathways Model is an overall self-directed program of acquiring self-regulation skills and implementing lifestyle changes as a supplement to professional intervention.

EFFECTS OF A PSYCHOLOGICAL SKILL TRAINING PROGRAM ON ANXIETY LEVELS IN TOP KARATE ATHLETES

ABSTRACT Introduction To achieve an improvement in self-regulation, and consequently competitive performance, it is necessary to evaluate psychological skills training programs. It was hypothesized that the introduction of autogenic training and guided imagery could bring about positive changes in anxiety and self-confidence, as compared to regular training and competitive activities. Objective To investigate the effects of a psychological skills training program on the optimization of anxiety and self-confidence. Methods Twenty-four athletes from the Serbian national karate team were divided into experimental (EXP) and control (CON) groups. During eight weeks, both groups underwent an identical karate training and competing program. The program was adapted for top karate athletes according to their daily routines and the specific demands of the activity. In addition, the EXP group underwent the psychological skills training program, based on autogenic training and guided imagery. The Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 was used to measure the multidimensional construct of the state of anxiety, and the Movement Imagery Questionnaire-3 to assess individual ability to imagine movements. Results Repeated measures ANOVA results indicated a difference in anxiety levels between the EXP and CON groups after the intervention. Further analysis indicated a decrease in cognitive anxiety and an increase in self-confidence among participants from the EXP group. Conclusion The applied psychological skills program had a positive effect on anxiety optimization and self-confidence levels in top karate athletes. As emotional self-regulation is also crucial for athletes of other sports, the implementation of this intervention can be recommended, provided that it is adapted to the specific characteristics of each sport. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies – Investigating treatments results.

Evaluating the impact of an autogenic training relaxation intervention on levels of anxiety amongst adolescents in school

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the impact of a group-based Autogenic Training (AT) relaxation intervention on levels of anxiety in adolescents in mainstream school settings. Method: A mixed-methods design was used to measure differences in levels of anxiety and explore a range of perceived changes between groups over time. 66 young people aged between 14 and 15 years old from 4 mainstream schools in the UK were randomly assigned within each school to a treatment or wait-list control group. Quantitative data was analysed using a mixed between-within subjects ANOVA. Qualitative information from 12 volunteer participants was analysed using Thematic Analysis. Findings: Results showed a main effect of time for both the treatment group and the wait-list group however no significant main interaction was found. Qualitative results showed perceived improvements in social relationships and connectivity; reflectiveness; selfawareness; physiological symptoms; and a sense of control. Limitations: Measures were reliant on self-reported data. Schools were recruited through self-referral and expression of interest excluding participants who may not have the opportunity to take part. There were no opportunities to collect follow up data. Conclusions: Results suggest that a structured AT relaxation intervention delivered in a familiar school environment may significantly reduce levels of anxiety amongst adolescents. However, significant improvements for the wait-list group also raises questions around the potential of other supportive variables such as acknowledgement and validation of feelings; the promise and availability of forthcoming support; and the potential impact of raised awareness and interest in pupil wellbeing amongst school staff.

The influence of autogenic training on the physical properties of skin and cardiac autonomic activity in postmenopausal women: an exploratory study.

Autogenic training (AT) is a major relaxation training technique whose clinical efficacy has been verified in dermatology. Many reports demonstrate ameliorated skin conditions in AT-treated subjects with reduced psychological stress. However, no studies have examined the effects of AT on the skin of postmenopausal women. We examine the influences of AT on the physical properties of skin and cardiac autonomic activity in postmenopausal women. Postmenopausal women were classed into anAT group and acontrol one. The women in the AT group were mentored by a professional to practice AT twice a day for 7weeks. The women in the control group were instructed to close their eyes for 3minutes instead of AT. Hydration of the stratum corneum (SC), transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin elasticity and heart-rate variability (HRV) were measured before and after the study period to examine how they changed. SC hydration and skin elasticity of thecheek, increased in both groups, and the increase was significantly higher in the AT group (n=14) than in the control group (n=12) (P<0.05, Cohen's d=1.03; P<0.05, Cohen's d=0.99; respectively). TEWL did not change in either group. LF/HF was lower in the AT group than in the control group (P<0.05, Cohen's d=0.91). AT increased SC hydration and skin elasticity with changes in the balance of autonomic nervous system activity in postmenopausal women, implying that AT may have improvement effects on aged skin by menopause.

Complex correction of comorbid nonpsychotic mental disorders in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

The program for the treatment of nonpsychotic mental disorders (NMD) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are described in the article. The complex program of treatment for NMD with the use of psychopharmacotherapy and psychotherapeutic approaches (rational psychotherapy, autogenous training, cognitive-behavioral and gestalt therapy) was developed taking into account the revealed specifi city of clinical-psychopathological manifestations, psychopathological features of comorbid non-psychotic mental disorders in patients with RA. The fi rst group included 51 patients, who, in addition to standard treatment, received only psychopharmacological treatment of NPR (ВGТ I), and the second group — 69 patients receiving complex psychopharmacological and psycho therapeutic treatment (ВGТ II). As evidence shows, the level of depression significantly decreased in the ВGТ II at 11.7 points compared with ВGТ I at 8.1 points. The level of anxiety decreased in ВGТ II at 13.1 points, and in ВGТ I at 8.4 points. The overall assessment of quality of life in ВGТ I, improved by 10.2 points, while ВGТ II — by 15.9 points and the positive eff ect was probable. Key words: nonpsychotic mental disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, psychopharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatment

Influence of square dance on the bone mineral density and osphyarthrosis and gonitis of postmenopausal women

Objective To investigate the effect of square dance on bone mineral density and osphyarthrosis and gonitis in postmenopausal women. Methods The postmenopausal women who danced on a square in the Second Hospital of Wuxi Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from January 2014 to January 2015 were selected and divided into different groups by age.Each group of subjects received the bone mineral density test of their lumbar vertebral body 1-3, so as to analyze the difference between the bone mineral density of each vertebral body and the corresponding age, as well as the relationship between the age and the bone mineral density.The bone mineral density of their lumbar vertebrae was measured one year later, and the incidence rates of osphyarthrosis and gonitis were observed, thus the influence of square dancing on bone mineral density and the incidence of osphyarthrosis and gonitis of postmenopausal women was studied. Results There was statistically significant difference in the bone mineral density for lumbar vertebrae of different age groups(F=74.213, P 50-55, the age group of >55~60, the age group of >60-65, the age group of >65-70 and the age group of over 70 were (149.51±31.65)mg/cm3, (118.98±34.55)mg/cm3, (103.56±23.44)mg/cm3, (86.88±34.21)mg/cm3, (69.89±29.72)mg/cm3, (61.22±34.21)mg/cm3, respectively, which increased slightly; the bone mineral density of the age group of 45-50, the age group of >50-55 and the age group of >55-60 increased significantly(F=8.012, 3.567, 4.774, all P<0.05). Square dancing had no significant effect on the incidence of osphyarthrosis and gonitis of postmenopausal women. Conclusion The age group of 45-60 is the most obvious period of bone mineral density decline for women.Square dancing can effectively improve the bone mineral density of postmenopausal women in this age group, but has no obvious effect on the improvement of the bone mineral density of women in other age groups.Square dancing has no effect on the incidence of osphyarthrosis and gonitis of postmenopausal women. Key words: Dancing; Dance therapy; Exercise movement techniques; Autogenic training; Female; Postmenopause; Bone density; Arthritis

Effect of stretching exercises versus autogenic training on preeclampsia.

Preeclampsia (PE) is the most common medical complication of pregnancy characterized by hypertension and significant proteinuria after the 20th week of gestation, its prevalence is about 2%–8% of pregnancies. Antihypertensive drugs were found to have an adverse effect to both the mother and the fetus so interest is increased in nonchemical treatment. This study was conducted to compare between the effects of stretching exercises versus autogenic training (AT) on PE. This study was carried out on 40 preeclamptic primiparous women, their gestational age was exceeding 20 weeks. They were randomly divided into two equal groups; group A consisted of 20 women received stretching exercises and group B consisted of 20 women received relaxation training in the form of AT. All patients in both groups A and B received (3 sessions per week for 6 weeks) and received methyldopa as the antihypertensive drug. Evaluation of all patients in both groups A and B was done before and after the treatment program by assessing arterial blood pressure and proteinuria. Results of this study revealed that there is a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and proteinuria in both groups A and B after 6 weeks of treatment. There was no significant difference between both groups post-treatment in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and proteinuria. It can be concluded that both stretching exercise and AT were found to be effective nonchemical methods which control the symptoms of PE.

Quality of life, work motivation, burn-out and stress perceptions benefits of a stress management program by autogenic training for emergency room staff: A pilot study.

Emergency room have particularly stressful work situations. Emergency room personnel cope with stressors on a daily basis. These stressors can be risks factor for burn out and for reduced quality of life and work motivation. Emergency room staff of one of ASP 3 CT urban hospital in Acireale, Italy participated to stress management program by autogenic training twice a month for 16 weeks. This program were prepared based on existing research and studies, and were conducted by clinical psychologists. We found that the mean value in pre-test is significantly different from mean value in post-test for: Perceived Stress Scale PPS (t=7.72 with 27 df and P<0.001); Euro Quality for life (t=-14,13 with 27 df and P<0.001); Work motivation assessed by Visual Analogue scale VAS (t=-4.52 with 27 df and P<0.001). In the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the mean value is significantly different for emotional exhaustion sub-scale (t=5.64 with 27 with 27 df and P<0.001) and for depersonalization subscale (t=6.67 with 27 df and P<0.001). No significant difference was observed for the personal accomplishment sub-scale. This research suggests that psychological interventions with emergency room staff are effective. Our study showed effectiveness of an autogenic and stress management training in improvement of quality of life, work motivation, burn-out and stress perceptions for emergency department team.

Effect of Autogenic Training for Stress Response: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of autogenic training on stress responses through a systematic review and meta-analysis. A systematic search was conducted using eight core electronic databases (Embase, CENTRAL, Medline, CINAHL, PsycInfo, DBpia, KISS, and RISS). To estimate the effect size, a meta-analysis of the studies was performed using RevMan 5.3.5 program. A total 21 studies out of 950 studies were included in the review, and 11 were included for meta-analysis. These studies showed that autogenic training decreased anxiety and depression, and increased the high frequency of heart rate variability. Calculations to understand the effect of autogenic training on anxiety, through a meta-analysis, observed a reduction effect of anxiety score by 1.37 points (n=85, SMD=-1.37: 95% CI -2.07 to -0.67), in the studies on short-term intervention targeting healthy adults. On the other hand, similar calculations to understand the effect of autogenic training on depression observed, a reduction effect on the depression score by 0.29 point (n=327, SMD=-0.29: 95% CI -0.50 to -0.07), in the studies on long term intervention targeting the patient group. Autogenic training is effective for adults' stress management, and nurses will be able to effectively perform autogenic training programs for workers' stress relief at the workplace.

Autogenic Training Helps in Understanding Patients&apos; Disease State

Autogenic Training Helps in Understanding Patients&apos; Disease State