Auto Control System Research Articles

A capacitive humidity sensor based on nanodiamond/silver nanoparticles (ND/Ag) nanocomposite with high stability and rapid response for respiratory monitoring

In this work, a high-performance capacitive humidity sensor based on nanodiamond/silver nanoparticles (ND/Ag) nanocomposite is proposed. The influence of silver nanoparticles with different content in nanodiamond is investigated, and the optimum ratio of 5 wt% Ag in the composite shows the maximum humidity sensing performance, which is three times than that of the pure nanodiamond based humidity sensor. Moreover, the proposed sensor exhibits a superior repeatability, ultrafast response time (<2 s) and recovery time (<1 s). More importantly, the sensor can maintain a good repeatability and rapid response speed when exposure to high humidity for a long time, demonstrating the excellent stability of the proposed sensor. Furthermore, complex impedance spectroscopy was applied to account for the underlying sensing mechanisms of the ND/Ag composite film humidity sensor. Finally, we design a circuit to realize non-contact breathing control by using the fabricated humidity sensor, which demonstrate that the fabricated humidity sensor could be applied to some auto-control systems by human-breath. This work demonstrated that ND/Ag composite film is an ideal candidate material for constructing high-performance humidity sensors for respiratory applications.

Application research of BP neural network PID in control system of heat exchange station

In the direction of better resolution of time lag, nonlinearity and uncertainty in the heating system, a BPNN-PID (BP neural network PID) controller is proposed in this paper. A complete heating auto-control system is designed with the experimental platform of a university heat exchange station in Zhangjiakou as the research background. The auto-control system takes Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) as the control core, uses BPNN algorithm to optimize the PID control parameters, and finally takes outlet temperature of 1# plate exchanger as the main control parameter to conduct experimental research on BPNN-PID control and single-loop feedback control respectively. The results show that compared with the single-loop feedback controller, the PID control based on BPNN algorithm has superior control quality, with shorter adjustment time, smaller overshoot, finer control accuracy and stability.

Design of an Adaptive State Anesthesia Feedback Controller

Anesthesia is critical in medical procedures to ensure the patient's body remains stable and unresponsive during surgery. However, administering the correct dose can be challenging, particularly in prolonged surgeries. An auto-controlled system that incorporates vital sensors and a microprocessor controller has been proposed to address this issue. This system uses an infusion pump to provide the correct amount of anesthetic based on the patient's vital signs. The microprocessor takes control of the system once initiated and signals the motor driver to start injecting the required amount of anesthesia while monitoring vital signs such as temperature, heartbeat, and Spo2. The system alerts the doctor if any abnormality is detected, and the supply of anesthetic is stopped until everything returns to normal. This system ensures accurate anesthetic dosage, minimizing the risk of complications and ensuring a safe surgical procedure.

태양광 발전설비 안정성 향상을 위한 바이패스 다이오드 지능형 냉각 시스템

A Bypass diode maintains the efficiency and stability of photovoltaic systems (PV) under partial shading. However, the bypass diode failure may cause damage and fire in the PV system because the generated current continuously flows through it. Thus, we suggest an intelligent cooling fan system for the bypass diode to ensure the stability of PV. The cooling system consisted of a k-type temperature sensor, electrically controlled fan and auto-control system. If the temperature of bypass diode (T<SUB>diode</SUB>) exceeds specific points owing to partial shading and/or its failure, the cooling system will automatically turn on the fan to prevent bypass diode from abnormal heating. The analysis of T<SUB>diode</SUB> indicates that the system effectively decreases it below the melting point of the junction box (177 ℃). The cooling system is adequate for PV under partal shading or with a damaged diode. Consequently, our suggested intelligent cooling system can contribute to the safe operation of PV.

Model of the object of temperature control by electrostimulating action parameters

Technologies for pressure treatment of metal workpieces using powerful current pulses are becoming increasingly widespread both in Russia and abroad. Unique electromechanical processes are studied and improved in laboratory and production conditions. The process of applying an electric current to the workpiece is accompanied by a change in its physical properties as a result of the so-called electroplastic effect (EPE). At the same time, the temperature of the workpiece in the deformation zone increases. For high-quality and reliable operation of the drawing mill with electrostimulated drawing (ESW), it is necessary to use an automatic system for regulating the force and temperature. In order to implement the temperature control circuit, it is necessary to synthesize the transfer function of the control object – steel wire processed by pressure (rolling or drawing). Synthesis and analysis of parameters of the model of temperature control object are considered. The known relations are used: dependence of the pulse generator power on the calculated parameters (initial temperature, diameter, specific weight and electrical resistance of the workpiece, pulse duration); dependence of the RMS current of the generator on the amplitude and frequency of pulse reproduction; dependence of the magnetic permeability of the workpiece on its temperature; and dependence of the specific electrical resistance of the conductor material on temperature. In MATLAB – Simulink medium, a model of the temperature control object is synthesized as a function of the parameters of generator of high-power current pulses (amplitude and frequency), as well as the parameters of the workpiece to be processed (diameter, sample length, linear velocity, initial temperature, and resistivity at the initial temperature). The model is analyzed, and transients under different operating modes are presented. Using the developed model, the dependences of the temperature, power, and equivalent resistance on parameters of the generator and the workpiece are obtained for different generator pulse frequencies and workpiece diameters. The developed model can be used for laboratory studies of the electroplastic effect, as well as in production in auto-control systems with electrostimulated drawing in order to implement the object of regulation in the form of a model.

Recent advances in magnetic digital microfluidic platforms.

Magnetic Digital microfluidics (DMF), which enables the manipulation of droplets containing different types of samples and reagents by permanent magnets or electromagnet arrays, has been used as a promising platform technology for bioanalytical and preparative assays. This is due to its unique advantages such as simple and "power free" operation, easy assembly, great compatibility with auto control systems, and dual functionality of magnetic particles (actuation and target attachment). Over the past decades, magnetic DMF technique has gained a widespread attention in many fields such as sample-to-answer molecular diagnostics, immunoassays, cell assays, on-demand chemical synthesis, and single-cell manipulation. In the first part of this review, we summarised features of magnetic DMF. Then, we introduced the actuation mechanisms and fabrication of magnetic DMF. Furthermore, we discussed five main applications of magnetic DMF, namely drug screening, protein assays, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cell manipulation, and chemical analysis and synthesis. In the last part of the review, current challenges and limitations with magnetic DMF technique were discussed, such as biocompatibility, automation of microdroplet control systems, and microdroplet evaporation, with an eye on towards future development.

A Study and Development of the Control System of Fruit Dehydration Machine by Biomass Energy

This article presents the study and development of the control system of fruit dehydration machine by biomass energy in which manual control system was upgraded to the Auto one. Study results revealed that Auto control system required less operation time for as much as 1.30 hour. By comparing energy consumption of the two systems, the upgraded system required less energy approximately 751.30 baht/month and 9,016.32 baht/year. When the break-even point is taken into consideration, this system upgrade could payback after 3.33 year. The author really hopes that this study can be used as a guideline for those interested or involved in the development fruit dehydration machine.

Neural Network Prediction of Discharge Current using Plume Shape and Operational Parameters in Hall Thrusters

A neural network for prediction of discharge current, which shows nonlinearity and hysteresis dependent on coil current, has been developed to build auto control system of Hall thrusters. The prediction accuracy dependence on training data sets composed of operational parameters (previous work), 250 images of plume shape and both, operational parameters and images, are investigated. The network using only plume images can describe the non-linear mode hop jump and hysteresis that the network using only operational parameters cannot describe. The predicted discharge current, however, is fluctuated up and down, while that observed in experiment shows smooth curve. The prediction using both operating parameters and plume images as the training data, can describe mode hop jump and hysteresis with 0.8% difference between prediction current and that observed in experiment.

Research and Implementation of Real-Time Voice Control System based on Android

At present most of the mobile phone users must have to constantly change their mobile phone’s contextual model to adapt to different occasions in every busy life. In order to solve this problem. This paper designed and implemented the real time auto control system of mobile phone’ voice based on Android platform. The paper introduces the sound overall framework of real-time control system around three functional modules: the sound acquisition, getting sound’s loudness and adjusting ring and expounded key technology of the system in the implementation process. The result of experiment shows that the system can change ringtone loudness on the degree of noisy environment in real time and the system run reliably, meanwhile it has certain applicability and practical value.

A Study on the Optimization about Peroxone(O3/H2O2-AOP)-Quenching Process in G Water Treatment Plant for 2-MIB Treatment and Residual Ozone Removal

Objectives In this study, Peroxone-Quenching process auto control system was developed and appropriate chemical was selected for 2-MIB treatment and residual O3 remove in G WTP. Methods In order to analyze the disinfection effect by the O3 process, the Giardia inactivation ratio by disinfection process (O3, Cl) was calculated by “Disinfection efficiency calculation program” made by Ministry of Environment. To optimize the Peroxone process, the 2-MIB removal rate was analyzed according to the operating conditions (O3 injection, H2O2/O3) and the equation of chemical injection rate was derived. To optimize the Quenching process, the correlation between dissolved O3 and atmospheric O3, the reduction rate of dissolved O3 concentration according to operation conditions (chemical injection rate, temperature, etc.) for each applied chemicals (H2O2, Na2S2O3) were analyzed. And the equation of chemical injection rate was derived. To appropriate chemical for Quenching process was selected by analyzing O3 removal efficiency and economic feasibility. Results and Discussion When water production increases, it is expected that the optimal operation of the O3 disinfection process will ensure the Giardia inactivation ratio over 1.0 in winter season. In the 2-MIB inflow, it was able to remove 70-100% of 2-MIB by Peroxone process operation. From the 2-MIB removal rate, an optimal O3 injection rate equation could be derived and optimal H2O2/O3 was confirmed to be 0.4. To reduce atmospheric O3, dissolved O3 remove is required. Factors affecting dissolved O3 removal by chemicals were injection rate, contact time, water temperature for H2O2, and injection rate, residual Cl for Na2S2O3. Using these factors, the equations of chemical injection rate for Quenching process were derived. As a result of the injection rate simulation for each chemicals, it is expected that the injection rate of Na2S2O3 can be lower than H2O2 (6-96%). Because O3 removal efficiency of Na2S2O3 is higher than H2O2, and Na2S2O3 is not affected by water temperature. The annual chemical purchase costs for Quenching process operation are estimated to be 131 million KRW for H2O2 and 87 million KRW for Na2S2O3. Considering to Quenching efficiency and economic feasibility, the application of Na2S2O3 was decided to be reasonable. Conclusions The Peroxone-Quenching process auto control system was installed and is operated now. It is expected to produce high quality tap water even with 2-MIB inflow by Peroxone process auto control system. And by the optimization of Quenching process, atmospheric O3 reduction for ensuring work place safety and economic operation would be expected. Key words: Ozone, AOP, Peroxone, Quenching, Residual Ozone Removal

Development of Automatic Verification Environment for In-Vehicle Controller Area Network

Due to the development of modern techniques, in the recent years, electronic vehicles and autopilot systems have beensignificant emerged in automobile and IT industrial. This leads the electronics automotive systems and auto-control systems consistedof a lot of high performance Electronic Control Units(ECUs) connected by controller area network (CAN). For realizing morecomplicated design in ECUs, this work integrates real-time OS and network management function. The results improve the CANbusnodes&amp;#39; designing level to as a gateway to interconnect CANbus nodes. As the number of CANbus nodes increase, the verification processis more and more complicated and takes much time. For speeding up the verification process, this work uses CANoe package toprogram the testing script for automotive verification environment. Then the engineer can connect the testing device by CAN to theenvironment for automatic verification. The engineer can define the network messages of the CANbus nodes and tune the design asthe validating progress. The testing results present as XML format and can be transferred to HTML pages for readability. Hence, thiswork realizes an automatic verification environment for CANbus in-vehicle networks.

Implementation of Heuristical PID Tuning for Nonlinear System Control

Quadcopter based technology utilizes a hybrid structure that delivers the ultimate services for auto control system and managements. The main objective of this study is to identify PID parameters for real nonlinear system, which is a Quadcopter flying based on certain parameters via experiment method. The control law has been programmed in Teensy development board wired to 10-DOF IMU ‘Inertial Measurement Unit’ and other sensors in order to get a home-made autopilot. Accordingly, the procedure for PID controller is tuning the autopilot using ‘Ziegler-Nichols’ in order to identify the three parameters of PID which generate a stable response in lowest time-consuming. The Z-N ‘Ziegler-Nichols’ has been implemented in real time case for Quadcopter application through altitude stabilization in a nonlinear system. In conclusion, the results shows that, the significant contribution of Ziegler-Nichols implementation in nonlinear system of the altitude stabilization has been accurately defined as an alternative method of Ziegler-Nichols which has been originally designed for linear system only.

Görüntü İşleme ile Mekik Koşusu Analizi

Increasing auto control systems in the light of today's technological developments, designing unmanned control mechanisms that can meet requirements such as the need for accurate measurement and analysis is the main goal. With the developed software, it was aimed to make time analysis of the athletes with shuttle running in indoor sports halls with the help of a camera and to store these analyses in the computer environment. No solution is available on the current problem. Similarly, there are prospective projects of traffic in the traffic bases and these are based on the work on them. In this thesis study, firstly moving objects in the image are captured, followed by images that match the color filter specified later. As a result of follow-up, the data such as lap times are stored. The end result is that the athlete's data have been successfully measured and stored.

Towards BCI-actuated smart wheelchair system

BackgroundElectroencephalogram-based brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) represent novel human machine interactive technology that allows people to communicate and interact with the external world without relying on their peripheral muscles and nervous system. Among BCI systems, brain-actuated wheelchairs are promising systems for the rehabilitation of severely motor disabled individuals who are unable to control a wheelchair by conventional interfaces. Previous related studies realized the easy use of brain-actuated wheelchairs that enable people to navigate the wheelchair through simple commands; however, these systems rely on offline calibration of the environment. Other systems do not rely on any prior knowledge; however, the control of the system is time consuming. In this paper, we have proposed an improved mobile platform structure equipped with an omnidirectional wheelchair, a lightweight robotic arm, a target recognition module and an auto-control module. Based on the you only look once (YOLO) algorithm, our system can, in real time, recognize and locate the targets in the environment, and the users confirm one target through a P300-based BCI. An expert system plans a proper solution for a specific target; for example, the planned solution for a door is opening the door and then passing through it, and the auto-control system then jointly controls the wheelchair and robotic arm to complete the operation. During the task execution, the target is also tracked by using an image tracking technique. Thus, we have formed an easy-to-use system that can provide accurate services to satisfy user requirements, and this system can accommodate different environments.ResultsTo validate and evaluate our system, an experiment simulating the daily application was performed. The tasks included the user driving the system closer to a walking man and having a conversation with him; going to another room through a door; and picking up a bottle of water on the desk and drinking water. Three patients (cerebral infarction; spinal injury; and stroke) and four healthy subjects participated in the test and all completed the tasks.ConclusionThis article presents a brain-actuated smart wheelchair system. The system is intelligent in that it provides efficient and considerate services for users. To test the system, three patients and four healthy subjects were recruited to participate in a test. The results demonstrate that the system works smartly and efficiently; with this system, users only need to issue small commands to get considerate services. This system is of significance for accelerating the application of BCIs in the practical environment, especially for patients who will use a BCI for rehabilitation applications.

Auto Control System Design of the Heat-exchanging Station with Rockwell Micro2080 and MCGS

In order to realize the unmanned automatic operation of the heat-exchanging station, Rockwell Micro2080 PLC, it’s expansion modules and MCGS are utilized to design the automatic control system. Composition structure of the system is designed and hardware configuration is implemented. The special analogue signal processing module is designed to realize the information obtaining of pressure, temperature, valve opening, frequency converter frequency and so on. The MCGS human-machine interface is used to display the heat-exchanging parameters in real time, and the system parameter setting and operation control are carried out. The automatic water supply and constant pressure control is realized through the switching of the power supply pump and the frequency conversion pump. The frequency of the circulating pump and the opening degree of the electric valve can be conveniently set on the MCGS. The system has been applied to the real-time monitoring of heat-exchanging station, and the optimal operation of unattended system has been realized.

Diurnal patterns of micropollutants concentrations in domestic greywater

ABSTRACTIn recent years, much interest has been given to presence of micropollutants in municipal wastewater, some of which are suspected to be endocrine disruptors, toxic or carcinogenic. Much less attention has been paid to their presence in greywater. The present research studies the diurnal patterns of micropollutants in greywater and computes their daily loads. Monitoring was carried-out using auto-controlled sampling system, designed to overcome the erratic greywater generation. Two main generation periods were identified: morning (5:00–11:00) and evening-night (18:00–2:00), contributing about 20% and >50% of daily greywater discharge, respectively. Average specific daily greywater discharge was 57 L p−1d−1, which matches reported value for greywater generated by showers and washbasins in Israel. The most frequently detected micropollutants in this study were methylparben (preservative), galaxolide (fragrance) and oxybenzone (UV-filter), which are common ingredients in many personal care-products. Their daily loads were 2, 840, 1, 887 and 728 µg p−1d−1, respectively.

锶原子光钟闭环控制系统的设计与实现

锶原子光钟闭环控制系统的设计与实现

Tracking control on target signal for a class of uncertain neutral systems

Tracking control based on target signal for a class of uncertain neutral systems is investigated in this paper. An augmented error system is constructed by combining the control system with the target signal. Through a Lyapunov-Krasovskii function and some inequalities, a stability criterion in terms of LMIs is proposed for the auto-controlled system. Then a state feed-back control is designed for the augmented error system. And tracking control, where the target signal and error signal are utilized to help deduce the static error, is obtained for the original uncertain neutral system. A numerical example is given to illustrate the validity of our proposed method.

Design of Chemical Water Auto-control System in Power Plant Based on PLC

To effectively process the chemical waste water in power plant, a set of control system based on PLC upgrading and reform for chemical water is designed in this paper. In the process of treating chemical water, there are many operating procedures, complex technology and scattered positions and many pieces of equipment. With remote I/O control thought in this paper, the hot-standby series of PLC of Schneider is used as lower computer to form a set of chemical water treatment system. The subsystem monitoring screens are concentrated in one central control room to achieve remote monitoring and local/remote control on the whole chemical water system. In reform process, aiming at the regeneration link of chemical water desalination process in power plant, a prioritization scheme of single closed-loop control is put forward and simulated in MATLAB. In simulation result, the concentration of Na+ on cation bed is finally maintained to be 8.3µg/L; electric conductivity of water on anion bed is finally maintained to be 0.5µS/cm. This completely meets the standards of water discharge. In conclusion, the chemical water auto-control system based on PLC can not only achieve real-time detection but also raise the work efficiency of power plant. It has certain reference value to further reform on power plant.

D-11 CO_2排出量削減のための空調機器の自動制御システム開発に関する研究 : (第3報)開発した自動制御システムの構成と特徴

D-11 CO_2排出量削減のための空調機器の自動制御システム開発に関する研究 : (第3報)開発した自動制御システムの構成と特徴