Authors State Research Articles

MENEMUKAN IMAN DALAM KETIDAKPASTIAN: REFLEKSI TEOLOGIS BERDASARKAN KITAB HABAKUK

This paper is organized to find faith in uncertainty through theological reflection based on the book of Habakkuk. Habakkuk is a prophet of God in the Old Testament who experienced a difficult time amid King Jehoiakim's reign. The difficulties of life and injustice that occurred during the time of King Jehoiakim made the prophet Habakkuk constantly pray and put his faith in God. This steadfastness of faith needs to be emulated by believers. The modern age in which believers live often brings various challenges, such as the relativism of absolute truth and identity crisis. As a believer living in modern times, I believe that imitating Habakkuk can be done to achieve faith resilience. By having faith resilience as a result of imitating Habakkuk, believers can get through difficult times through their faith. Believers' faith will be trained amid life's uncertainties. Through descriptive qualitative research methods, the author tries to narrate the discovery of faith amid uncertain conditions through theological reflection based on the book of Habakkuk. The author states that the theological reflection of the book of Habakkuk brings believers to have faith that even amid uncertainty, God still answers prayer.

Решение «жилищного вопроса» партаппаратом БАССР периода «хрущевской оттепели»

The principles of solving the housing issue in the era of the “Khrushchev thaw” in the Bashkortostan ASSR among the privileged part of Soviet society ‒ regional party managers ‒ were examined in the article, based on archival sources deposited in the National Archives of the Republic of Bashkortostan, introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The author concretized the specifics of “allocation of housing” to the party nomenclature in one of the largest national republics in the RSFSR, characterized by hidden interdepartmental clashes that took place between the organs of the republican party power and authorized state bodies at the local level. The article focuses on the trend that emerged in the late 1950s, which was expressed in the gradual rejection of housing and everyday asceticism by the post-Stalin party nomenclature in favor of the growing philistine-consumer individualism and consumerism, which were not officially recognized in the Soviet Union. The article examines the moral and ethical qualities of regional party managers, whose public rhetoric and self-presentation in the public space contrasted with their focus on obtaining material benefits depending on the level of their position.

Analysis of foreign economic relations of Russia’s new regions in 2022 – 2024

The problem of the article lies in the fact that, on the one hand, the economy of Russia’s new territories has suffered from military operations and cannot produce enough products for export, and on the other hand, it has significant potential. The DPR and the LPR, where the Donetsk coal basin is located, are considered the most promising regions. The author states that in order to overcome economic difficulties in the new regions of Russia, it is necessary to actively integrate their economies into the world markets. The author of the article concludes that the new regions of Russia have clear comparative advantages in heavy industry and agriculture. Strengthening foreign economic relations will allow attracting investments to the region, contributing to the further restoration of the infrastructure and economy of the territories under consideration.

Homework - Necessity or Myth?

Throughout generations a question has been posed: do students benefit from writing homework and does homework fulfill its purpose? The debate about the usefulness of homework causes many doubts in the educational public. Learning outcomes and the importance of homework are different today than twenty or more years ago. Contemporary students are not very interested in this type of activity, showing a high degree of non-independence in performing tasks outside the school environment. The author discusses the expediency of writing homework and its impact on students' learning achievements in class. Accordingly, the author examines the positive and negative sides of this extracurricular activity. This article was created based on the analysis of previous research and knowledge about this subject. Some Croatian and Slovenian didacticists believe that homework should not be abolished, but it should be functional, comprising of various exercises aimed at encouraging students to be active. Tasks are justified if they expand the possibility of learning and serve to develop students' abilities and skills. The author states that homework is necessary in the mother tongue teaching, especially at the initial level of primary school education. The teacher must control the quality and quantity of the homework, taking into account the time the student needs to complete it and the type of goals he wants to achieve in relation to the linguistic and literary material. The article offers the examples of homework in the fields of mother tongue, literature, written expression, reading and media culture. Modern technology offers numerous possibilities for creating creative homework.

Multi-omics PGT: re-evaluation of euploid blastocysts for implantation potential based on RNA sequencing.

In addition to chromosomal euploidy, can the transcriptome of blastocysts be used as a novel predictor of embryo implantation potential? This retrospective analysis showed that based on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between euploid blastocysts which resulted and did not result in a clinical pregnancy, machine learning models could help improve implantation rates by blastocyst optimization. Embryo implantation is a multifaceted process, with implantation loss and pregnancy failure related not only to blastocyst euploidy but also to the intricate dialog between blastocyst and endometrium. Although in vitro studies have revealed the characteristics of trophectoderm (TE) differentiation in implanted blastocysts and the function of TE placentation at the implantation site, the precise molecular mechanisms of embryo implantation and their clinical application remain to be fully elucidated. This study involved 102 patients who underwent 111 cycles for preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies (PGT-A) between March 2022 and July 2023. The study included 412 blastocysts biopsied at Day 5 [D5] or Day 6 [D6] for patients who underwent PGT-A. The biopsy lysates were split and subjected to DNA and RNA sequencing (DNA- and RNA-seq). One part was used for PGT-A to detect DNA copy number variations, whereas the other part was assessed simultaneously by RNA-seq to determine the transcriptome characteristics. To validate the reliability and accuracy of RNA-seq obtained from this strategy, we initially analyzed the transcriptome of blastocysts with chromosomal aneuploidies. Subsequently, we compared the transcriptomic features of blastocysts with different rates of formation (D5 vs D6) and investigated the network of interactions between key blastulation genes and the receptive endometrium. Then to evaluate the implantation potential of euploid blastocysts, we identified DEGs between euploid blastocysts that resulted in clinical pregnancy (defined as the presence of a gestational sac detected by ultrasound after 5 weeks) and those that did not. These DEGs were then employed to construct a predictive model for optimizing blastocyst selection. The successful detection rate of PGT-A was remarkably high at 99.8%. The RNA data may infer aneuploidy for both trisomy and monosomy. Between the euploid blastocysts that formed on D5 and D6, 187 DEGs were predominantly involved in cell differentiation for embryonic placenta development, the PPAR signaling pathway, and the Notch signaling pathway. These D5/D6 DEGs also exhibited a functional dialog with the receptive phase endometrium-specific genes through protein-protein interaction networks, indicating that the embryo undergoes further differentiation for post-implantation development. Furthermore, a modeling strategy using 280 DEGs between blastocysts leading to successful clinical pregnancies or failing to produce clinical pregnancies was implemented to refine the euploid embryo optimization, achieving areas under the curves of 0.88, 0.71, and 0.84 for the random forest (RF), support vector machine, and linear discriminant analysis models, respectively. Finally, a retrospective analysis of 83 transferred euploid blastocysts using the RF model identified three types of euploid embryos with a decreasing trend in implantation potential. Notably, the implantation rate of the good group was significantly higher than that of the moderate group (88.6% vs 50.0% P = 0.001) and that of the moderate group was higher than that of the poor group (50.0% vs 20.8%, P = 0.035). The sample size was insufficient; thus, a prospective study is needed to verify the clinical effectiveness of the above model. Because we did not analyze blastocysts that led only to biochemical pregnancies but failed clinical pregnancies separately, our classification system still must be modified to screen these embryos. Transcriptomic analysis of blastocysts offers a novel approach for predicting embryo implantation potential, which can be utilized to optimize clinical embryo selection. The ranking system may be effective in reducing the times and costs involved in achieving a clinical pregnancy. This study was funded by the "Pioneer" and "Leading Goose" R&D Program of Zhejiang (No. 2023C03034), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82101709), and the National Key Research and Development Program for Young Scientists of China (No. 2022YFC2702300). The authors state no competing interests. N/A.

International practice of state regulation in the field of gambling

State regulation in the field of gambling is an important factor for the harmonization of these relations and their adjustment. Currently, world practice does not have special legislation that would establish international requirements for the organization and conduct of gambling. However, the development of gambling business in other countries of the world has a long history and considerable experience of successful state regulation of these legal relations. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to study similar practices of other states and their possible consideration for further improvement of state regulation in the field of gambling in Ukraine. The article presents certain aspects of state regulation of activities related to the organization and conduct of gambling in some countries of Europe (Switzerland, France, Malta) and North America (United States of America, Canada). It is emphasized that public management and administration in the field of gambling should be aimed at solving the main problems of this sphere of social relations: meeting the needs and interests of a certain group of people; prevention of gambling; protection of citizens from criminal encroachments that pose a danger to a large segment of the population; full and timely receipt of taxes provided for by law to the state budget and their allocation to socially important needs; prevention of types of gambling addiction not permitted by law; combating corruption offenses and legalization (laundering) of proceeds obtained through crime, etc. As evidenced by international practice, in order to solve these problems and eliminate existing problems and risks in this area, a more or less permanent trend is developing in the world (for those countries in which gambling is allowed and controlled): the adoption at the national level of a special regulatory law (legal act); creation of a system of relevant authorized state bodies of public administration with the distribution of organizational, permitting, supervisory and jurisdictional powers; maintenance of the necessary balance of public interests and the interests of business entities and individuals by introducing a system of permissive, agreeable and prohibitive methods of legal regulation and relevant organizational and legal measures.

Protecting Minority Investors: Issues and Development Prospects under Russian Law

The article considers the protection of minority investors rights in joint-stock companies and limited liability companies under Russian law. Reflecting on the legislation and caselaw, the author states that a minority investor has a sufficient level to safeguard their rights. The author states a high level of guarantees for minority shareholders, however, concludes that the use of judicial remedies in some cases imposes an additional burden of proof on minority shareholders, namely when challenging general meeting resolution or increasing authorized capital of LLC. Plus, within the current regulation the most effective tools are mainly preventive (ex-ante) related to a balance of corporate governance embracing the minority investors interests through the charter and corporate agreement.

THE ROLE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION IN ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AT THE GLOBAL LEVEL

In the context of globalization and demographic change, states are currently more vulnerable to non-military, asymmetric, hybrid and cyber threats and threats from non-state actors. Russia's war on Ukraine, Hamas's military attack on Israel indicate the likelihood of armed aggression against the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the state in modern global conditions. In the introductory part of the paper, the author analyzes the notion of national security as the ability of states, taking into account global changes and development, to protect their own identity, survival and interests. Furthermore, the author analyzes the need to achieve Sustainable Development at the global level. In the final part of the paper, the author states that Investing in the common future with its closest neighbors is fundamental for the long-term political stability of the European Union itself. Therefore, the enlargement of the European Union is based on development programs aimed at achieving political stability, secure economic conditions, social cohesion and environmental sustainability. The content will be created based on the analysis of foreign literature and using electronic content. In preparing the content of the paper, the author will apply the general scientific methods: the descriptive method, the normative method, the comparative method and the content analysis method as a special scientific method.

Migration processes in the Republic of Kazakhstan: current situation and consequences

Rural population migration is an objective process that affects the economic, environmental, social and demographic development of countries and their individual territories. Regulation and supervision of the migration process is one of the priority tasks of the state. The aim is to the scale and direction of migration flows in rural areas of the republic, the reasons for migration and the degree of influence on the labor market in rural areas are considered. Methods - comparisons to determine quantitative indicators characterizing the level of resettlement of economically active citizens. Assessment of the dynamics of those who arrived and left the RS was carried out by the methods of grouping and graphical analysis. Generalization method - in formulating the main aspects of resettlement. Results - the authors state that it is necessary to improve the mechanisms of legal labor migration, explanation and counseling, legal protection and organizational measures for those arriving and departing. Special attention should be paid to the development of infrastructure, creation of new jobs, career opportunities, high income, social conditions in rural settlements (RS) with high levels of local displacement. Based on the study, it is concluded that even positive trends and sustainable growth in production do not suppress the incentives for outflow to the city both for permanent residence and in search of temporary work. Conclusions - the location of rural areas near the regional center, the location of agricultural enterprises and farms, favorable natural and climatic conditions have a great impact on the attraction of migrants to rural areas. Based on the above, the key factor contributing to the reduction of migration loss of population can be called diversification of the economy in rural areas, further development of existing and creation of new production facilities.

Agrotourism in Kazakhstan as a factor of economic empowerment of rural population

Nowadays agrotourism is one of the most important tools for improving the image of the village and its attractiveness for economically active population, an effective mechanism for spreading entrepreneurship in rural areas and increasing economic opportunities for rural residents by diversifying the activities of peasant (farmer) farms. Purpose - the concept of "agrotourism", factors constraining the development of the industry are considered, new approaches to expanding the range of tourism services in rural areas of Kazakhstan on the basis of the model "One Village - One Product" (OVOP) are studied. Methods - empirical for the purpose of data selection, observation and research of specific phenomena, establishing links between them; statistical, economic analysis, logical - to identify general trends or effects, use of international experience and generalization of results. Results - the authors note that rural tourism in the country is fragmented, there is no concept and system principles in the tourism sector, which are the key barriers to the development of tourism agribusiness in the country. Popularization of the OVOP movement in the regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan will contribute to the creation of new jobs, the growth of rural people's welfare. It is shown that the agritourism sector is one of the rapidly developing directions in modern tourism. In Kazakhstan there are potential reserves of its wide distribution, which allow to diversify the tourist product and create an additional item of income to the budget of the republic. Conclusions - agrarian tourism is an important segment of modernization of agrarian sector economy, promising innovative rural entrepreneurship. The development of tourism infrastructure in rural areas contributes to the diversification of rural economy, increasing employment and income of rural population, increasing the number of small business enterprises, the volume of production of environmentally friendly products of private subsidiary plots and farms, reducing the outflow of rural population to the cities. Agritourism industry has a large reserve of natural and human resources. However, the authors state that farmers need information and consulting support of tourist firms.

Beneficiaries in the EU framework programs for research and innovation («Horizon 2020», «Horizon Europe»), European structural and investment funds

Problem setting. Nowadays, the issue of obtaining funding for scientific research, scientific and technical (experimental) developments is increasingly important. This practice is common, for example, in the EU. Many sources are offered: EU Framework Programs for Research and Innovation, European Structural and Investment Funds, etc. However, to understand the financing procedure itself, it is necessary to have some knowledge, including regarding EU legislation. First of all, attention should be focused on the terms, because this is the foundation, the alphabet. One of them is the beneficiary. It is found in many EU legal acts, but does not always have a fixed definition. Analysis of recent researches and publications. The main goal of the program or fund is to receive project funding. Foreign scholars focus their research in this area (for example, Mario J. Al Sayah, Pierre-Antoine Versini, Daniel Schertzer, Olatz Ukar Arrien, Marta Enciso-Santocildes). This situation is due to the fact that they have more modern and updated research infrastructures than Ukraine. Terms remain beyond their attention. However, there are isolated works with only the mention of the term in the issue without any analysis of it (for example, Glybko S., Kokhan V.). Purpose of the research is to clarify the term «beneficiary» in the EU Framework Programs for Research and Innovation, European Structural and Investment Funds. Article’s main body. An attempt is made to conduct a comparative analysis of the considered term in the EU Framework Programs for Research and Innovation («Horizon 2020», «Horizon Europe») and the European Structural and Investment Funds. Each of them has its own EU legal framework. However, only Regulation (EU) № 1303/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 December 2013 laying down common provisions on the European Regional Development Fund, the European Social Fund, the Cohesion Fund, the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development and the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund and laying down general provisions on the European Regional Development Fund, the European Social Fund, the Cohesion Fund and the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund and repealing Council Regulation (EC) № 1083/2006, defines the term «beneficiary». Regulation (EU) 2021/695 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 April 2021 establishing Horizon Europe – the Framework Programme for Research and Innovation, laying down its rules for participation and dissemination, and repealing Regulations (EU) № 1290/2013 and (EU) № 1291/2013 refers to Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 July 2018 on the financial rules applicable to the general budget of the Union, amending Regulations (EU) № 1296/2013, (EU) № 1301/2013, (EU) № 1303/2013, (EU) № 1304/2013, (EU) № 1309/2013, (EU) № 1316/2013, (EU) No 223/2014, (EU) № 283/2014, and Decision № 541/2014/EU and repealing Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 966/2012, which defines the term «beneficiary». The EU Framework Programmes for Research and Innovation («Horizon 2020», «Horizon Europe») contain definitions of the types of beneficiary. It is the target final beneficiary and beneficiary of the Accelerator. The possibility of achieving synergy between the specified programs and the European Structural and Investment Funds is being investigated, if there are already differences regarding the definition of the term «beneficiary». Conclusions and prospects for the development. The author states the following conclusions according to the obtained results: EU legal acts do not contain a single vision for the same term «beneficiary». We believe that it is necessary to review this situation in order to achieve the synergy established in the Regulations (EU).

Legal education and artificial intelligence: vectors of interaction

Objective: to develop proposals for the introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) in legal education. Methods: dialectical methods (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, systematization, comparison, classification, forecasting), statistical, formal-legal and comparative-legal methods. Used in combination, these methods allow comprehensive analysis of the relationship between AI and legal education. Results: the article reveals the main directions to improve legal education in the conditions of AI development: integration of information and communication technologies and training of specialists able to work effectively at the intersection of law and technology. The advantages and disadvantages of using AI in legal education are identified. Ethical aspects of AI application are outlined, as well as the need to manage the development of technologies based on the principles of fairness, transparency and consideration of human interests. The author states the importance of developing not only specialized knowledge, but also universal competencies that will help students to adapt successfully to the dynamically changing conditions of professional activity. Scientific novelty: a comprehensive analysis of the interaction between legal education and AI was carried out, including the identification of specific opportunities for the AI application in legal education, as well as related risks and problems. The author proposes a systematic approach to improving legal education in the context of AI development, focusing on theneed to revise educational programs in legal areas in terms of integrating information and communication technologies; developing universal competencies in students to adapt to a dynamically changing professional environment; introducing mandatory advanced training for judges, legal practitioners to develop skills for using AI systems. Practical significance: the study results can be used to optimize and adapt the educational programs of law schools to the digital era requirements and to develop effective approaches to the AI application in legal practice and education, taking into account ethical aspects and potential risks.

EU Association Agreement with Ukraine and Unrecognized Territories

The focus of this article is a legal analysis of the status of Crimea and the so-called Donetsk People’s Republic (DPR) and Luhansk People’s Republic (LPR) that are parts of the Ukrainian territory that was annexed and separated as a result of the Russian invasion. The authors state that Russia brutally violated the principles and norms of international law and that Russia’s military invasion has been condemned strongly by the international community. Moreover, international sanctions have been introduced against Russia and these territories. Russia’s annexation of Crimea and the unrecognized status of the so-called DPR and LPR largely determines the effects of the Association Agreement (AA) between the EU and Ukraine regarding these territories. The formation of a free trade area stipulated in the AA cannot cover Crimea or the so-called DPR and LPR. These territories and their populations cannot enjoy to the full extent the preferences obtained by Ukraine after the AA came into force. Ukrainian legislation concerning the legal status of Crimea and the so-called DPR and LPR is also analyzed in detail.

Abemaciclib Therapy Using the MonarchE Criteria Results in Large Numbers of Excess Axillary Node Clearances-Time to Pause and Reflect?

The monarchE study added the CDK4/6 inhibitor abemaciclib to the care of women with oestrogen-positive (ER+) breast cancers. Eligibility required meeting monarchE criteria-either >3 positive axillary nodes, or 1-3 positive sentinel nodes (SNB+) with tumour size >50 mm or grade 3 cancers. Women were advised to proceed to completion axillary node clearance (cANC) if size/grade criteria were not fulfilled for >3 positive nodes to be identified. However, cANC is associated with significant morbidity, conflicting with the potential benefits of abemaciclib. We analysed data of 229 consecutive women (2016-2022) with ER+ breast cancer and SNB+ who proceeded to cANC, keeping with contemporary treatment guidelines. We used this cohort to assess numbers that, under national guidance in place currently, would be advised to undergo cANC solely to check eligibility for abemaciclib treatment. Using monarchE criteria, 90 women (39%) would have accessed abemaciclib based on SNB+ and size/grade, without cANC. In total, 139 women would have been advised to proceed to cANC to check eligibility, with only 15/139 (11%) having >3 positive nodes after sentinel node biopsy and cANC. The remaining 124 (89%) would have undergone cANC but remained ineligible for abemaciclib. Size, age, grade, and Ki67 did not predict >3 nodes at cANC. Following cANC, a large majority of women with ER+, <50 mm, and grade 1-2 tumours remain ineligible for abemaciclib yet are subject to significant morbidity including lifelong lymphoedema risk. The monarchE authors state that 15 women need abemaciclib therapy for 1 to clinically benefit. Thus, in our cohort, 139 women undergoing cANC would lead to one woman benefitting.

Tai Y-T, Fulciniti M, Hideshima T, Song W, Leiba M, Li X-F, Rumizen M, Burger P, Morrison A, Podar K, Chauhan D, Tassone P, Richardson P, Munshi NC, Ghobrial IM, Anderson KC. Targeting MEK induces myeloma-cell cytotoxicity and inhibits osteoclastogenesis. Blood. 2007;110(5):1656-1663.

This article has been retracted; please see Elsevier's Article Correction, Retraction and Removal Policy (Article withdrawal | Elsevier policy).This article has been retracted at the request of the Editors and authors.Within the paper, image issues were identified in Figures1, 4, and 6. Images within these figures show duplication, modification, or unmarked splices.The authors state that these figures cannot be used to support the conclusions of the paper.Authors Tai, Fulciniti, Song, Li, Morrison, Chauhan, Tassone, Ghobrial, and Anderson approve the retraction. Authors Hideshima, Leiba, Rumizen, Burger, Podar, Richardson, and Munshi did not respond.

Coordination by the Prosecutor of the Activities of State Bodies to Protect the Property Interests of the State

The article analyzes violations of laws detected by prosecutors that arise in the activities of state bodies authorized to carry out functions for the management, disposal and protection of state property, and suggests a mechanism for their resolution. Special attention is paid to the mechanism of interaction of the prosecutor with other state bodies, ways to increase the effectiveness of activities to protect the property interests of the state, in connection with which, based on the analysis of empirical material, in order to ensure consistency in the activities of authorized state bodies and strengthen the status of the prosecutor in the framework of protecting the property interests of the state, it is proposed to consolidate in the Federal Law of January 17, 1992. No. 2202-1 “On the Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation” defines a new function of the prosecutor’s office in this area — “coordination of the activities of state bodies to protect the interests of the state in the field of property relations”, defining the concept of this legal definition, as well as formulations characterizing the subject, subjects and object of coordination activities. It is concluded that the implementation of this function in practice will contribute to the synchronization of the activities of all state bodies involved in protecting the property interests of the state and increase the efficiency of work on the recovery of property of public legal entities.

Activities of public administration entities in the field of standardization, licensing and accreditation of healthcare in Ukraine

According to the provisions of the Basic Law of our state, life and health, honor and dignity, inviolability and security of a person are the highest social value. In order to ensure the guaranteed right to health care, the state, in the form of authorized bodies, takes the necessary organizational and legal measures and methods aimed at preserving human health. The human right to health covers a wide range of health-related phenomena and practices. Standardization, licensing and accreditation as means of ensuring the human right to health care directly belong to this spectrum of social relations. Taking into account the fact that the health care of citizens is based on a number of principles enshrined in the Constitution and laws of Ukraine, the article emphasizes that standardization, licensing and accreditation, which are the guarantee of life and health care, occupy a specific weight in health care citizens. Through the prism of legislative regulation and the analysis of subordinate regulatory legal acts, the author of the article examines the impact of regulatory legal acts on the regulation of relations in the field of standardization, licensing, and accreditation. The author focuses on the activities of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, the State Service of Ukraine for Medicinal Products and Drug Control, as well as other public administration entities that play a leading role in licensing, standardization and accreditation of business entities, as well as other participants in relations in the field of health care. In general, the article draws attention to the important role of public law entities in regulating relations in the field of standardization, licensing, and accreditation, as well as draws attention to the legal mechanism of compulsory licensing. It is concluded that the modern system of public administration in the researched sphere of public relations is carried out primarily by authorized state bodies. It is emphasized that the subject of further research should be the issue of determining the system of public and private law entities involved in the process of regulating relations in the sphere of health care of Ukraine, the disclosure of the legal mechanism of compulsory licensing in order to ensure the health of the population, the defense of the state, environmental safety and other public interests, as well as the activities of public entities during the martial law regime.

Institute of anti-corruption authorized state body of government and local government bodies: features of the legal regulation

The article analyzes the provisions of the Law of Ukraine “On the Prevention of Corruption”, the Model Regulation “On the Authorized Unit (Person) on Prevention and Detection of Corruption” and other specialized legislation from the point of view of regulating the activities of the anti- corruption officer of state authorities and local self-government bodies. The complex of measures to prevent and detect corruption, which are entrusted to the authorized persons in the implementation of their activities in state bodies, local self-government bodies, state enterprises, institutions, and organizations, has been studied. It was established that the anti-corruption commissioner exercises control over compliance with anti-corruption legislation in the relevant body, its territorial (inter-regional) bodies and legal entities belonging to the sphere of management of the relevant body through cooperation with the management, employees and other authorized bodies (persons) in accordance with the current legislation. It was found that in the current legislation of Ukraine there are two institutions of anti-corruption commissioners, different in terms of legal regulation, but unified in terms of the purpose of their activity. Namely, the first institute provides for the formation (definition) of authorized divisions (authorized persons) on issues of prevention and detection of corruption, in particular, at enterprises, institutions and organizations belonging to the sphere of management of a state body and regulates its activities, and the second institute of anti-corruption officers , specifically for legal entities whose anti-corruption programs are approved in accordance with the Law. It is emphasized that the fulfillment of a number of tasks by the authorized person is related to direct interaction with the management of the state authority or local self-government body, including on the issues of conflict of interest settlement, whistleblower protection, bringing guilty persons to disciplinary responsibility for violating the requirements of anti-corruption legislation, informing about the facts of committing such violations, managing corruption risks.

What influences perceptions about the concept of return on investment from healthcare quality improvement programmes? An institutional theory perspective

PurposeThis paper aims to highlight the factors influencing the conceptualisation of return on investment (ROI) from healthcare quality improvement (QI) programmes.Design/methodology/approachIn their previous work, the authors found that the concept of ROI from QI is broad and includes numerous internal and external benefits for organisations. In this paper, the authors developed a framework outlining the factors that influence this conceptualisation of QI-ROI from an institutional theory perspective. The framework is based on the synthesis of their serial studies on the determinants of the concept of ROI from QI. The research was performed from 2020–2023 and involved a global multidisciplinary systematic literature review (N = 68), qualitative interviews (N = 16) and a Delphi study (N = 23). The qualitative and Delphi studies were based on the publicly-funded mental healthcare in UK. Participants included board members, clinical and service directors, as well as QI leaders.FindingsThe authors outline a framework of internal and external institutional forces that influence the conceptualisation of ROI from QI programmes in mental healthcare and similar organisations. Based on these factors, the authors state several conjectures. In doing this, the authors highlight the ambiguities and uncertainties surrounding QI-ROI conceptualisation. These challenge leaders to balance various monetary and non-monetary benefits for organisations and health systems. This explains the broadness of the QI-ROI concept.Originality/valueThe authors developed a framework highlighting the forces underpinning the broad, ambiguous and sometimes uncertain nature of the QI-ROI concept. They raise awareness about dilemmas to be confronted in developing or applying any tool to evaluate the value for money of QI programmes. Specifically, the work highlights the limitations of the ROI methodology as a primary tool in the QI context and the need for a more comprehensive tool.

Limitation of property ownership in the conditions of the legal regime of martial law in Ukraine

The article is devoted to the disclosure of the issue of the limitation of property rights during the legal regime of martial law and measures that can be applied to property are analyzed. The author states that one of the unresolved legal problems of today is the problem of the possibility and proper implementation of the right to property ownership of measures and methods that can limit the rights of owners to property during martial law. The author, when analyzing the limitation of the constitutional right to own, use and dispose of one’s property, emphasized the uncertainty in the legislation of the mechanism of limitation and the lack of detail in which parts of the rights of owners may be limited. In the article, the author investigated such measures during the martial law regime as forced alienation of property and confiscation of property. Considering methods of forced alienation of property or seizure of property under martial law, the author found out that forced alienation of property should take place on the condition of prior full restitution of property or with subsequent full restitution of the value of the property. Considering the issue of confiscation of property, the author notes that confiscation of property, under the conditions of the legal regime of martial law, occurs without compensation for the value of the property. In the article, the author revealed the issue of receiving compensation for forcibly alienated property, which the author proposes to divide into two types: preliminary full compensation for the value of forcibly alienated property and subsequent full compensation for forcibly alienated property. During the research, the author considered the issue of making a decision on the introduction and implementation of measures of forced alienation of property or seizure of property and the implementation of such a decision. In the article, the author pays attention to the issue of the return of forcibly alienated property, which was preserved after the abolition of the legal regime of martial law, and the legal grounds and conditions for such return of property. According to the results of the research, the author claims that the realization of the right of ownership during the operation of the legal regime is of a limited nature, since there is a temporary limited regime during which the full realization of the right of ownership is not always possible.