Authors Of Scientific Publications Research Articles

Botánica: una ciencia femenina en Latinoamérica

Botany was considered the first scientific area suited to women’s cognitive understanding. In the 19th century, while men took part in naturalistic expeditions, women’s participation was limited to the analysis and classification of the plants and materials that were collected. Women’s names were not mentioned in scientific works, and as such, a great number of women had “invisible careers”. The scientific contribution to botany by women differs from their contributions to other branches of science. This article analyzes the present-day role of women botanists in Latin America using data gathered from 1,567 scientific articles, 448 herbariums, and 10 botanical societies from 19 Latin American countries. Although the consensus is that Botany is an inherently women-dominated branch of science, this article demonstrates that female participation as curators of herbaria, presidents of botanical societies and conferences, as well as authorship in scientific publications is equal between men and women. This participation is not equally balanced across the region. In Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico there are more herbaria and botanical publications, even as women have higher rates of participation than men, compared to most other Latin American countries.

Tekijyydestä sopiminen vähentää väärinkäsityksiä

Who is an author? What does authorship mean? The Finnish Advisory Board on Research Integrity has published a recommendation for agreeing upon the authorship of scientific publications. The recommendation suggests that in order to avoid later complications, the principles of authorship should be discussed and agreed upon in writing prior to publication.

Aspectos éticos da coautoria em publicações científicas

A coautoria científica pressupõe a participação intelectual ativa de todos os autores na elaboração de uma pesquisa. Todavia, existem entendimentos variados sobre a concepção das atividades de colaboração científica e coautoria, que, por vezes, confundem pesquisadores no processo de atribuição de autoria em pesquisas colaborativas. A vista disso, esta pesquisa objetiva refletir sobre os aspectos éticos da atribuição da autoria em publicações científicas, a partir da reflexão e debate sobre a participação e colaboração entre autores no desenvolvimento de uma pesquisa científica e a consequente responsabilidade sobre os resultados gerados e comunicados à comunidade científica. Para tanto, são analisados os conceitos e as funções de um autor, no intuito de evidenciar a distinção entre colaboração científica e coautoria e, mais especificamente, os aspectos éticos envolvidos na atribuição de autoria na ciência. Observa que, embora existam normas de conduta ética na ciência, deve haver, por parte dos pesquisadores, uma reflexão acerca dos problemas de atribuição de autoria, uma vez que os aspectos éticos da produção científica são indissociáveis dos aspectos sociais e das políticas e práxis da área. Isso leva a concluir que tratar dos aspectos éticos da coautoria durante a formação do pesquisador pode ser uma estratégia para minimizar problemas associados a essa questão, além de incentivar estudos que viabilizem uma discussão mais verticalizada sobre o tema, tornando-o parte do processo de construção do conhecimento.

Authorship in biomedical research: A sweet fruit of inspiration or a bitter fruit of trade.

Achieving a place in the authorship of published scientific research is a matter of pride and fame associated with creativity, recognition, better evaluation, and financial gains. This had made assigning of authorship in a scientific publication, a complex and challenging issue. Gaining a position in authorship in scientific publications not only prompts or encourages authors to carry out more research but also recourse many of them to the unethical practice of different kinds of authorship abuses. These authorship abuses are done so cleverly and skillfully that neither the journal editors nor the readers of the journals realize that bias had crept in authorship of the publication. This nonstandard act of biased authorship has a tremendous potential to compromise the credibility of scientific research and scientific publications. The present review aims in focusing on issues pertaining to authorship and its misuse in biomedical research. Thus, it can be concluded from this review that new policies, guidelines, and laws should be made by the government agencies in association with journal editors, institution, and government agencies to curb this malpractice by protecting whistleblowers and providing adequate punishment for those who are involved.

A bibliometric study of world research output on e-resources during 2006–2016

A bibliometric study is generally used to measure the literature output on any given subject. Bibliometric analysis use data on numbers and authors of scientific publications and on articles and the citations therein (and in patents) to measure the “output” of individuals/research teams, institutions, and countries, to identify national and international networks, and to map the development of new (multi-disciplinary) fields. Similar approach has been adopted in this paper to identify the global literature output on e-resources. The research data used for the study has been retrieved from ‘Scopus’ database source. The study in hand attempts to identify the bibliometric characteristics of the research publications from Scopus database during the study period 2006-2016 (11 years). A total of 137051 publications have been identified. Bibliometric techniques have been used to analyse the data. The collected data was classified by using Excel Spreadsheet. The results show that the total publication output (137051) shows a stable trend in citation on yearly basis, the articles (56.8%) are the most prominent publications, and the most prolific author is Bates, D.W with 159 articles and Denny, J.C. with 96 publications. The most productive institution is V.A. Medical Centre which produced 1349 publications, followed by University of Toronto which produced 1006 publications. ‘Journal of The American Chemical Society’ is highly productive journal with 2362 (1.72%) publications. United States of America tops the list of countries with publication output being 43121 (31.46%) publications. The majority of the e-resource publications are produced by the subject of Medicine with 43.3% publication output.

Dominance and leadership in research activities: Collaboration between countries of differing human development is reflected through authorship order and designation as corresponding authors in scientific publications.

IntroductionScientific collaboration is an important mechanism that enables the integration of the least developed countries into research activities. In the present study, we use the order of author signatures and addresses for correspondence in scientific publications as variables to analyze the interactions between countries of very high (VHHD), high (HHD), medium (MHD), and low human development (LHD).MethodologyWe identified all documents published between 2011 and 2015 in journals included in the Science Citation Index-Expanded categories’ of Tropical Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Parasitology, and Pediatrics. We then classified the countries participating in the publications according to their Human Development Index (HDI), analyzing the international collaboration; positioning and influence of some countries over others in cooperative networks; their leadership; and the impact of the work based on the HDI and the type of collaboration.ResultsWe observed a high degree of international collaboration in all the areas analyzed, in the case of both LHD and MHD countries. We identified numerous cooperative links between VHHD countries and MHD/LHD countries, reflecting the fact that cooperative links are an important mechanism for integrating research activities into the latter. The countries with large emerging economies, such as Brazil and China stand out due to the dominance they exert in the collaborations established with the United States, the UK, and other European countries. The analysis of the leadership role of the countries, measured by the frequency of lead authorships, shows limited participation by MHD/LHD countries. This reduced participation among less developed countries is further accentuated by their limited presence in the addresses for correspondence. We observed significant statistical differences in the degree of citation according to the HDI of the participating countries.ConclusionsThe order of signatures and the address for correspondence in scientific publications are bibliographic characteristics that facilitate a precise, in-depth analysis of cooperative practices and their associations with concepts like dominance or leadership. This is useful to monitor the existing balance in research participation in health research publications.

The Ethics of Authors in Scientific Publications

In this editorial, I will refer to an issue that has been commonplace in discussions between editors around the world: the ethical conduct of academics and scientists at the time of publishing their articles and scientific findings. In general, it is to be expected of these actors, the completeness, indispensable condition for the said professional of higher level.

Ethical conflicts in the authorship of scientific papers

The frequency of conflicts about authorship of publications has increased along with the increase in the number of people involved in scientific work. Some of the factors that strongly influence the generation of conflicts and malpractices in authorship definition of scientific publications are the pressure of academia, economic incentives from the pharmaceutical industry in the field of biomedicine and authors’ wishes and expectations of recognition, among other factors. The article analyzes this problem, increasingly common in the field of medicine and related areas. Special attention is devoted to the prevailing laws in our country and international guidelines related to intellectual property and authorship of scientific publications, respectively. However, the ethical commitment, intellectual honesty and truthfulness of each of the authors about what is reported seems to be the decisive factor for the solution to these authorship conflicts.

Authors’ awareness of concepts in the authorship of scientific publications: Viewpoints of the dental faculty in India

BackgroundThere is a great deal of enthusiasm amongst the contemporary dental academicians and researchers to publish their research findings and interesting cases. The competitive atmosphere has fostered a ‘publish or perish’ sentiment following which authors sideline certain essential and valid concepts in authorship and at times resort to unethical behavior knowingly or unknowingly to expand their publication list. Materials and methodWe attempted to assess the current knowledge of the Indian dental teaching faculty regarding some important basic concepts in scientific authorship by means of a questionnaire-based pilot study. The respondents were asked questions pertaining to their knowledge of terms such as “authorship criteria”, “conflict of interest”, “plagiarism”, and other authorship issues. ResultsOur findings suggested significant lacunae regarding the authors’ understanding of important basic concepts in scientific writing. ConclusionWe suggest possible measures to address this concern and also aim to survey a larger section of the academia in the future.

Sex And Gender Equity in Research (SAGER): reporting guidelines as a framework of innovation for an equitable approach to gender medicine. Commentary.

Sex and gender are important determinants of health and influence research findings in a variety of ways, yet they are often overlooked and underreported. This oversight limits the generalizability of research findings and their applicability to clinical practice. The objective of this paper is to point out how journal editors can influence better reporting of sex and gender in research by establishing a methodological framework directly addressing authors of scientific publications, as well as referees, and indirectly affecting all the stakeholders in the research cycle, from funders to policy-makers and citizens. Such a framework is represented by the Sex And Gender Equity in Research (SAGER) guidelines, developed by the European Association of Science Editors (EASE) to encourage a more systematic approach to the reporting of sex and gender in research across disciplines. The paper includes the rationale and basic principles of the SAGER guidelines.

Conflicts of Interest: Setting the Limits

The declaration of conflict ofinterest is an important tool helping to understand the results of studies andopinions expressed by authors of scientific publications. In recent years it has become obligatory todeclare any conflict of interest in publications as well as for oralpresentations at scientific meetings. The idea is excellent yet the form which is currently used for thedeclaration is faulty: it is usuallyrequired and sufficient to declare connection with (in various forms – fromhonoraria to share ownership) in pharmaceutical companies. There are however many other conflicts ofinterest that have to be taken into account when interpreting presentations. In the contribution to thissymposium various possible conflicts of interest will be discussed andsuggestions will be made about ways to improve the declaration.

New developments in publishing related to authorship.

To present the inappropriate types of authorship and practice, and the most recent developments related to basic principles and criteria to a fair system for allocating authorship in scientific publications. An analysis of relevant materials and documents, sources from the internet and published literature and personal experience and observations of the author. Working in multidisciplinary teams is a common feature of modern research processes. The most sensitive question is how to decide on who to acknowledge as author of a multi-authored publication. The pertinence of this question is growing with the increasing importance of individual scientists' publication records for professional status and career. However, discussions about authorship allocation might lead to serious conflicts and disputes among coworkers which could even endanger cooperation and successful completion of a research project. It seems that discussion and education about ethical standards and practical guidelines for fairly allocating authorship are insufficient and the question of ethical practices related to authorship in multi-authored publications remains generally unresolved. It is necessary to work for raising awareness about the importance and need for education about principles of scientific communication and fair allocation of authorship, ethics of research and publication of results. The use of various forms of education in the scientific community, especially young researchers and students, in order to create an ethical environment, is one of the most effective ways to prevent the emergence of scientific and publication dishonesty and fraud, including pathology of authorship.

Authenticity of authorship of scientific publications using latent semantic analysis

In this research, a latent semantic analysis is used to solve the problem of identifying authorship of scientific publications. It enables the identification of keywords related to a particular subject. It is proposed to use the keywords for identifying similar publications. This allows distinguishing publications of different authors with the same last names or even initials. Many scientometric databases contain records of publications with the same field “author”, but with completely different activities, sources, etc. As a result of the studies, it was found that publicationsof namesakes have a different set of keywords and, accordingly, different subject-matters. Applying the latent semantic analysis can be used to classify these publications, as well as highlighting the keywords, which bind to the author, in turn, enables determining his publications with some accuracy. The research results allow automating the creation of local databases of researchers with a list of their scientific papers.

Ethics of authorship in scientific publications.

Authorship should be based on the contribution provided by each author who has made a significant scientific contribution to a study. Credit of authorship has important academic, social and financial implications and is bound by guidelines, which aid in preserving transparency during writing and publication of research material so as to prevent violation of ethics.

Do age and professional rank influence the order of authorship in scientific publications? Some evidence from a micro-level perspective

Scientific authorship has important implications in science since it reflects the contribution to research of the different individual scientists and it is considered by evaluation committees in research assessment processes. This study analyses the order of authorship in the scientific output of 1,064 permanent scientists at the Spanish CSIC (WoS, 1994–2004). The influence of age, professional rank and bibliometric profile of scientists over the position of their names in the byline of publications is explored in three different research areas: Biology and Biomedicine, Materials Science and Natural Resources. There is a strong trend for signatures of younger researchers and those in the lower professional ranks to appear in the first position (junior signing pattern), while more veteran or highly-ranked ones, who tend to play supervisory functions in research, are proportionally more likely to sign in the last position (senior signing pattern). Professional rank and age have an effect on authorship order in the three fields analysed, but there are inter-field differences. Authorship patterns are especially marked in the most collaboration-intensive field (i.e. Biology and Biomedicine), where professional rank seems to be more significant than age in determining the role of scientists in research as seen through their authorship patterns, while age has a more significant effect in the least collaboration-intensive field (Natural Resources).

Will the Real Author Please Stand Up!

This is a Guest editorial on the ethics of authorship in scientific publications. The editorial analyzes the qualification and roles of an author. It also discusses controversial issues and the relevance of the order of authorship in bio-medical journal publications.

Authorship in scientific publications: Give honor to whom honor is due - Bible

Authorship in scientific publications: Give honor to whom honor is due - Bible

Authorship in scientific publications

Authorship in scientific publications

Survey of the Quality of Experimental Design, Statistical Analysis and Reporting of Research Using Animals

For scientific, ethical and economic reasons, experiments involving animals should be appropriately designed, correctly analysed and transparently reported. This increases the scientific validity of the results, and maximises the knowledge gained from each experiment. A minimum amount of relevant information must be included in scientific publications to ensure that the methods and results of a study can be reviewed, analysed and repeated. Omitting essential information can raise scientific and ethical concerns. We report the findings of a systematic survey of reporting, experimental design and statistical analysis in published biomedical research using laboratory animals. Medline and EMBASE were searched for studies reporting research on live rats, mice and non-human primates carried out in UK and US publicly funded research establishments. Detailed information was collected from 271 publications, about the objective or hypothesis of the study, the number, sex, age and/or weight of animals used, and experimental and statistical methods. Only 59% of the studies stated the hypothesis or objective of the study and the number and characteristics of the animals used. Appropriate and efficient experimental design is a critical component of high-quality science. Most of the papers surveyed did not use randomisation (87%) or blinding (86%), to reduce bias in animal selection and outcome assessment. Only 70% of the publications that used statistical methods described their methods and presented the results with a measure of error or variability. This survey has identified a number of issues that need to be addressed in order to improve experimental design and reporting in publications describing research using animals. Scientific publication is a powerful and important source of information; the authors of scientific publications therefore have a responsibility to describe their methods and results comprehensively, accurately and transparently, and peer reviewers and journal editors share the responsibility to ensure that published studies fulfil these criteria.

The Ethical Assignment of Authorship in Scientific Publications: Issues and Guidelines

Properly assigning authorship of academic papers is often an ethical challenge. Through a hypothetical case study, the authors examine some of the potential ethical issues involved in determining who should and should not be listed as an author: the problems of honorary authorship, coerced authorship, and ghost authorship, as well as the question of how to order authors. Guidelines for avoiding and negotiating these issues are also discussed.