Author Finds Research Articles

Loan selection, attribute substitution and information effect

PurposeBorrowers are usually presented with a menu of similar-looking options when selecting a loan plan. However, it remains unclear whether they are able to choose the most cost-effective plan. This study aims to investigate whether people select loan plans optimally, whether their choices are influenced by the informational cues provided to them and how their selections change with the provision of additional loan-related information.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses a within-participant experimental design, where participants are presented with similar-looking loan plans but with different present discounted costs. Subjects are asked to rank those plans, with the minimum present discounted cost plan maximizing their experimental payoff. The loan plans across different rounds are presented with different informational cues to see whether that influences participants' ability to select the cost-minimizing loan plans.FindingsThe author finds that participants were 78% likely to state a suboptimal preference ordering and 68% likely to select a loan plan that does not minimize cost. There is suggestive evidence regarding the role of attribute substitution in the decision-making process, wherein participants substituted annual percentage rate (APR) and total cost attributes for the present discounted cost of a loan plan. Additionally, the author presents causal evidence demonstrating how providing additional information can influence the choice of the substituted attribute.Originality/valueResearch has indicated that individuals often make suboptimal financial decisions, particularly in complex decision contexts. Examples include selecting medical insurance, a retirement savings plan, a student loan or borrowing on a credit card. This paper demonstrates that similar biases are present when individuals borrow using a loan plan, wherein they tend to substitute the APR or total cost of the loan plan for the present discounted cost of the loan plan. Furthermore, the study reveals that the impact of providing more information to borrowers can vary, depending on the combination of loan plans being considered.

Rủi ro biến đổi khí hậu và rủi ro phá sản doanh nghiệp: Ảnh hưởng của khí thải carbon CO2 tại Việt Nam

Climate change risk is emerging as a significant risk for economies and businesses today. Climate change risk affects businesses through two main transmission channels: physical risk and transition risk. Transition risk is causing certain impacts on businesses as low carbon (CO2) emission policies are being implemented. The goal of green growth and transitioning the economy to low carbon (CO2) emissions is posing challenges for businesses. Therefore, understanding the direct and indirect impacts of climate change risks on businesses will be of great interest to policymakers, capital providers, and different levels of corporate management. In this study, the author provides an in-depth perspective on the impact of climate change risk and the bankruptcy risk of businesses. By measuring climate change risk through corporate carbon (CO2) emissions, the author finds that companies with higher CO2 emissions are at greater risk of bankruptcy. The research sample includes listed companies in Vietnam during the 2012 2022 period, comprising a total of 2191 companies and 15,873 year-observations, and utilizes logistic regression with panel data.

Криминологические особенности воинской преступности: новые реалии в условиях специальной военной операции

Introduction: the article will be on the analysis of the change in the level, structure, dynamics of the military crime and persons committing it during special military operation. Materials and Methods: Main Informational and Analytical Centre statistics from 2017 to 2023, the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation data, the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the Russian Federation (data valued according to statistical method) were empirical basis for the study. Results: since the inception of the special operation, a general decline in crime has been observed in Russia. However, an increase in criminal activity has been noted with regard to crimes against military service, as defined in Chapter 33 of the Russian Criminal Code, and individual criminal encroachments related to the implementation of the state defense order. Crimes committed in conditions of armed conflict or warfare are of particular concern due to their potential impact on the combat capability and combat readiness of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. This article presents a statistical analysis of the dynamics of military crime, including abuses in the field of state defense orders, for the period 2022-2023. The authors examine the organisational and legal measures implemented by the state with the objective of reducing the number of crimes committed in the context of a special military operation. Discussion and Conclusions: the author's findings led to the following conclusions: 1. The quantitative characteristics of the crimes outlined in Chapter 33 of the Russian Federation's Criminal Code demonstrate a discernible increase since the commencement of the special military operation. 2. A distinct category of criminal acts pertains to the perpetration of illicit activities in accordance with the directives of the state defense order, which collectively constitute a novel phenomenon in the context of criminality. During the period spanning 2022 to 2023, there has been a notable rise in the number of criminal acts pertaining to the misappropriation or embezzlement of budgetary resources within the context of the state defense order and the military-industrial complex.

Analysis of Lethal Factors in Patients with Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is a common malignant tumor in women. The relatively early age for the occurrence of breast cancer is generally 20 years old. The largest number of people are between 45 and 50 years old. Breast cancer is the most significant female killer. China's breast cancer cases occupy 30% of the world's total amount, showing an increasing trend nowadays. To inhibit the increase in the mortality rate of breast cancer, it is particularly urgent to explore the lethal factors of breast cancer. In this paper, the author uses the collinearity test to eliminate the closely related variables in the independent variables. Then, the author uses the binary logic regression method to obtain the relationship coefficient between each factor and breast cancer death. Finally, the author finds that the main factors of breast cancer death are age, T stage, N stage, differentiate, Estrogen Status, and Survival Months. This article provides new ideas for breast cancer prevention and treatment, hopes that breast cancer patients can prolong their lifespan, and hopes to contribute to breast cancer research worldwide.

Viral Denial: Pandemics, Chiropractic, and the Persuasive Power of Invisibility

While Louis Pasteur’s germ theory functions as one of the foundational concepts of modern medicine, resistance to COVID-19 prevention measures reveal a rejection not just of government mandates, but of germ theory as well. Therefore, this article seeks to trace the rhetorical linear of rejections of germ theory denialism through an examination of primary and secondary texts from Pasteur’s contemporaries, through the development of chiropractic, and into the COVID-19 pandemic. The author finds that the denial of viruses offers a peculiar form of biorhetoric that invokes absence and invisibility, rather than presence, as rhetorical grounds for rejecting public health directives.

Placing Art Practice into the Field of Bioimaging: Testing Play as a Methodological Tool to Explore and Reflect upon Art Practice

Abstract Bioimaging experiments are carried out in discrete labs, and artists are rarely granted access. The author finds that they are an underused resource for artist-researchers. In this article, she demonstrates how an artist-researcher can contribute to artscience initiatives in pharmacological research by working in an advanced imaging and microscopy lab and responding innovatively to current circumstances in bioimaging. She does this by thinking about scientific and artistic interdisciplinary practice in a playful way. Informed by established play theories and practices from the literature, she has reviewed, studied, and adapted. Here she discusses research conducted at the School of Life Sciences at the University of Nottingham, where she evaluated play as an insightful concept to provoke a reaction to scientific methods.

Genealogi Pendidikan Riyadhah: Telaah Tafsir Pemikiran KH Hasyim Asy’ari

This article will elaborate on spiritual education riyadhah in the personal perspective of K.H Hasyim Asy'ari, which will be discussed based on the thoughts written in his classic works. To answer this question, the author uses primary and secondary sources. Primary sources used are taken from several book manuscripts by K.H. M. Hasyim Asy'ari. In describing them, historical interpretation techniques and meanings are needed in a deep and structured manner. In addition, secondary sources used in writing this article are books and manuscripts that support the discussion of the author's problem based on sources that have high validity. The author finds data that K.H Hasyim Asy'ari provides another dimension in discussing, applying and practicing spiritual education values including through riyadhah. Riyadhah education is presented with a simple concept that is in accordance with Islamic teachings based on thoughts in the form of implementation of narratives and writings of his works with implied or explicit messages.

Awaited

Abstract: The author narrates the moments following the announcement of her paternal grandmother’s death. This death unfolds into memories of the grandmother’s perceived coldness and isolation from others. The author notes how the grandmother wasn’t like most grandmothers. However, a sleepover at an aunt’s house brings new revelations and insight into who the grandmother had been, who she had wrapped up inside of herself. The grandmother’s past lives how the enduring threads of love and what happens when it is cut. Her cold disposition becomes a symbol of the ability to love deeply and root oneself in the depths of love. In the grandmother’s story, the author finds how a crucial moment in Palestine’s history upends and re-constructs the grandmother’s future.

The Selection of Sports Schools: The Influence of the Environment on the Development of Youth Athletes' Career Adaptability.

There are many routes to achieving an elite status in sports, which can be described as a journey that involves many developmental environments. In terms of navigating transitions and across environments, the adolescent years are particularly crucial, and psychosocial skills may assist youth athletes to maintain balance and wellbeing in combining sports and education. The aim of this study was to investigate the environmental differences in career adaptability profiles as students adapt to their sports high schools. A total of 391 student-athletes (51% female, 49% male) from six sports high schools in Finland participated in the study. To compare the environments' features, we created a typology of the environments based on a document analysis methodology. Our quantitative analysis builds upon the findings of the first author, who applied latent profile analysis (LPA) to career adaptability measures across the first year of sports high school. To investigate whether student-athletes have a higher probability of belonging to a profile in certain sports high schools, we used multinomial regression analysis. The results showed that the most sports-focused and centralized environment did not support career adaptability development to the same extent as other environments. Furthermore, we found that student-athletes in the "highly successful" environment had the highest probability of belonging to the high or increased career adaptability profile, despite reporting the highest number of sports training hours and high academic success. This study demonstrates the importance of the locality and the authenticity of the environments and of how their features support student-athletes' career adaptability development.

Ways to improve the effectiveness of appeal in pre-trial criminal proceedings

The article is devoted to the study of certain issues which, if resolved, will contribute to the enhancement of the effectiveness of appeal in pre-trial criminal proceedings. It is stated that regulatory gaps and the lack of uniform approaches to the grounds, conditions and procedure for applying the appeal institute do not allow for an effective mechanism of legal protection of violated substantive and procedural human rights. The author determines that formalized approaches to the appeal procedure have a negative impact on the effective achievement of the objectives (purpose) of appeal in pre-trial criminal proceedings. It is emphasized that the appeal against a notice of suspicion has regulatory shortcomings in terms of the lack of substantive and criminal procedural grounds for filing a complaint. At the same time, the author emphasizes that there are no grounds for appealing against the decision to put a person on the wanted list. Among the defects in the procedure for applying the institution of appeal, the author highlights the lack of criteria which determine the rules of jurisdiction for consideration of appeals against decisions, actions or omissions of the prosecution during the pre-trial investigation. The author examines the impact on the effectiveness of appeal of the possibility provided by procedural law to file a complaint against decisions, actions and omissions of the prosecution to the prosecutor. It is noted that within the framework of constitutional rights, it is important to provide for the possibility of appealing against certain decisions of investigating judges which affect fundamental human rights and freedoms. In particular, the author finds that the list of appealable decisions does not include decisions on determining jurisdiction and on conducting a search in urgent cases. At the same time, the author argues that it is necessary to introduce cassation appeal in pre-trial criminal proceedings, since the right to appeal in cassation is a practical implementation of the constitutional principle of criminal justice. The author also substantiates the need to regulate the procedure for pre-trial criminal proceedings during the filing and consideration of a constitutional complaint.

Reviewing the Efficiency and Reality of Prevention of Domestic Violence Act, No.34 of 2005 through the Lens of Feminist Perspectives

Domestic violence is a timeless topic which has been even in the legislative discourse. This paper analyses the Prevention of Domestic Violence Act, No.34 of 2005 in light of two feminist theories, namely, liberal feminism and third world feminism. Even though one may celebrate the incorporation of the above Act, it is problematic to what extent the Act satisfies its objective of prevention of domestic violence. By utilizing the Black Letter Methodology, the author finds that regardless of the Act being a gender-neutral law on its surface, in its practical application it intersects with many gendered aspects which ultimately discriminates women. Thus, the responsible authorities have not been successful in effectively addressing such inherent issues of the Act. The purpose of this study is to suggest solutions while highlighting theoretical underpinning a d justifying in reference to selected international conventions. As per the knowledge of the author this is the only Sri Lankan paper which analyses the Prevention of Domestic Violence Act, No.34 of 2005 in light from feminist legal perspectives.

The Effect of Recording Industry Lawsuits on the Market for Recorded Music

The origination and rapid growth in popularity of file sharing technology at the end of the twentieth century created the potential for a fundamental market shift for any private good that is reduced to information. Through a new exploration of this recent phenomenon within the context of peer-to-peer file sharing technology for music downloads, this article examines the relative importance of various economic factors in determining the national level of file sharing. After employing basic theoretical models and econometric methods, the author finds that file sharing behavior is most responsive to the number of lawsuits brought against consumers, the relative value and amount of leisure time for consumers, household disposable income, and the prevalence of computer virus threats among file-sharing program users. These new findings are discussed in the context of microeconomic expectations that predict a different set of empirical trends in file sharing technology.

Lady Six Sky and the Definition of Ritual Space at Naranjo

Through a broad discussion on the full monumental program at Naranjo during the reigns of Lady Six Sky and her son K'ak Tiliw Chan Chaak, this article provides new information about the role of women in Late Classic Maya civilization (AD 600-900). A detailed exploration of the distinct trends in the monumental program from 682-741 AD supports the primary argument for Lady Sky Six’s underlying importance in ritual representation. The author finds considerable evidence that suggests the transfer of power from mother to son during the latter years of Lady Sky Six. A concluding discussion of Naranjo focuses on spatial analysis of the monuments spread across the site core in relation to dual-gendered ritual space, as well as contrasting martial and mythological imagery.

The House of Representatives Supervision As The Initial Instrument to Impeachment The President and Vice President

Objective: The mechanism for dismissing the President and/or Vice President in Indonesia is regulated by the 1945 Constitution. This process is initiated by the House of Representatives submitting a proposal to the People's Consultative Assembly, stipulating that the President and/or Vice President has violated the provisions in Articles 7A and 7B, and this must be proven first by the Constitutional Court through examination and proof. If it is proven that the President and/or Vice President has violated these provisions, the results of the Constitutional Court trial will be submitted to the People's Consultative Assembly. Subsequently, the People's Consultative Assembly is obliged to hold a trial to decide whether the President and/or Vice President will be impeached. Article 7A of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia regulates the impeachment of the president and the provisions related to the presidential office in Indonesia. Method: According Mahmud Marzuki, this normative legal research, as it is defined entails the process of finding, comprehending and solving legal problems embracing the practice rather its theory. This work in particular focuses on the way in which the House of Representatives can investigate and possibly remove the President and Vice President from their offices. Result: Some of the author's findings related to the essence of impeachment in the Indonesian constitution are, first, to maintain a system of checks and balances in the presidential office through oversight. Second, the direction of the presidential impeachment regulations needs to be improved by clarifying the reasons and mechanisms for impeachment, aiming to avoid dismissing the president for political rather than legal reasons. Novelty: The present study also analyzes the Indonesian Constitution of 1945 about presidential removal from office, stressing the weak legal rationale as well as the appropriate procedure to remove a president to avoid the potential manipulation for political gains. This calls for regulatory improvement to improve checks and balances in order to prop up a better legal framework of fair and constitutional presidential accountability.

Pengaruh Kemiskinan terhadap Praktik Dinasti Politik di Indonesia dan Filipina Tahun 2017-2021

This article aims to determine the influence between poverty and the expansion of political dynasties in the Philippines and Indonesia in 2017-2021. To provide comprehensive empirical, testing is carried out using multiple linear regression tests. The author uses multiple linear regression tests. The author uses three independent variables representing wealth through the variable Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Per Capita, welfare through the Human Development Index (HDI), and inequality through the Gini Ratio. As a result, the author finds empirical findings about the influence of poverty on political dynasties in both countries. In the Philippines, only wealth and prosperity can affect political dynasties. While in Indonesia, only wealth and prosperity can affect political dynasties. In general, poverty in both countries contributes to the expansion of political dynasties.

Manusia Dalam Logika Politik di Era Media Digital

Political praxis in the digital media era often contains biases in understanding human dignity. This article wants to investigate whether the political logic in such an era contains certain concepts about humans that are implicit, hidden, or intentionally hidden. The theoretical framework of Shoshana Zuboff and Agus Sudibyo's thoughts on "Capital Surveillance" and "Digital Universe" is the reference used by the author to see to what extent the role of the use of digital technology and virtual spaces in political propaganda contains humanitarian biases and does not direct political goals on human dignity. The results of the author's observations and research show that political praxis in the digital media era has utilized humanitarian issues only for the sake of pragmatic and transactional electoral political interests. The author finds that human dignity in political practice in the digital media era is only an instrument, not a goal.

Research on satisfaction of Vietnamese university lecturers

For universities, lecturers are the human resources who directly carry out the training task to create human resource training products for society; lecturers play an important role in determining the strategic development of the school. Universities that motivate lecturers to work will create satisfaction for lecturers, promote creativity to contribute to the school. This study addresses the job satisfaction of lecturers, including public universities and non-public universities to identify and compare the differences in job satisfaction of lecturers at universities in Vietnam. The author uses quantitative methods through a survey of 800 lecturers from 10 universities in Vietnam to collect data for the study. The research results show that salary, work itself, development opportunities, recognition, relationships at work, working environment and conditions have an impact on the job satisfaction of lecturers. However, the level of impact of each factor on the satisfaction of lecturers at public universities is different from that of lecturers at non-public universities; showing a clear difference in job satisfaction of lecturers at two types of universities in Vietnam. With the results of this research, the author finds that salary, work itself, development opportunities, recognition, relationships at work, working environment and conditions have an impact on the job satisfaction of lecturers at non-public universities; lecturer satisfaction also contributes significantly to the success of universities, it determines the quality of higher education, promotes innovation in universities.

A study of the Dynamic Relationship Between Optimal Global Population and Technological Progress

It is the quantity that depends on the interconnection between population and technology, the latter being capable of advancing to support the growth of the population. Taking into consideration the findings of Malthus, Harding, and other authors, this paper elaborates on the multifaceted and developmental connection between population growth and technological advancement within the context of the optimal population. It critiques the fallacy that population growth will always result in the depletion of resources. This paper seeks to establish the fact that a large enough optimal population can foster the generation of a positive feedback loop of technological advancement and population expansion but, at the same time, results in vices such as pollution of the environment and depletion of resources. In contrast, the population can increase the market needs, encourage the advancement of renewable energy sources, and decrease the energy depletion rate. Technological advancements, boosted by population pressure, have let human beings overcome perceived environmental and resource barriers. Thus, the optimal population is not the specific number but the goal that is set to change depending on the level of technology development. Lastly, this paper stresses the importance of technological equity on the international level.

Comparative Study on Postoperative Immobilization in Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: 4 Weeks vs. 6 Weeks of Immobilization Yields Similar Clinical and Functional Outcomes.

Background/Objectives: To investigate clinical and functional outcomes of patients undergoing reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) using a rehabilitation protocol of either 4 or 6 weeks of immobilization. Methods: This comparative study analyzed a consecutive patient cohort that underwent RTSA in a single institute from January 2021-February 2023. Patients were assigned to groups according to the duration of postoperative immobilization and were followed up for a minimum of one year. Patient demographics, range of motion (ROM), functional outcomes using the Simple Shoulder Test (SST) and the American Shoulder and Elbow Score (ASES) as well as postoperative complications were recorded. The minimum clinically important difference (MCID) was used to assess whether the differences between the groups in SST, ASES, SWB, and VAS were clinically relevant. Results: Sixty patients met the inclusion criteria (35 patients in the 6-week immobilization group (6 WG) and 25 patients in the 4-week immobilization group (4 WG)) and were available for the total follow-up period. Similar baseline demographics were observed between the groups. Active ROM significantly improved for both groups, with abduction and forward flexion improving the most. In terms of functional outcomes, significant improvement (p < 0.001) was demonstrated for both groups (ASES, SST, VAS, and SWB). However, patients in the 4 WG reached significantly better results in VAS and SWB at 6 weeks and 3 months, as well as in ASES 3 months postoperatively, whereas both groups leveled off at the end of the follow-up period after 1 year. Taking into account the MCID, these differences for ASES at 3 months, as well as VAS and SWB at 6 weeks and 3 months postoperatively, were significant. Surprisingly, there were no differences between the groups over the entire follow-up period in terms of the SST. Conclusions: The author's findings suggest faster clinical recovery at 6 weeks and 3 months in patients undergoing postoperative immobilization of 4 weeks compared to 6 weeks following RTSA. However, clinical and functional outcomes were equal for 4 WG and 6 WG at one year follow up.

. Menjadi Manusia yang Utama Menurut Alasdair Macintyre

Virtue is the power and ability of a person to become a whole human being. In the current context, humans need to understand about virtue as the focus of philosophers in reflecting in unity with humans. There is a misunderstanding of human beings including related to human virtues. This research will provide a correct understanding of the concept of the ultimate human, so that humans can understand correctly. The method used is descriptive analysis method and qualitative research type. Based on these steps, the author finds that the main human being or the one who has virtues, must have responsibility for self, responsibility for others and responsibility for the world. In line with that, this paper will elaborate on the importance of forming a superior moral actor subject in terms of virtue, which has unity with human life itself.