Legitimate Communication Research Articles

Assessing the Current Status of Information Security Policies Among Saccos in Kenya

In 2013, Communication Authority of Kenya (CAK) recorded cyber-attacks amounting to Sh5.4 million loses. In April 2016, Bandari Savings and Credit Cooperative Society lost Sh5 million through fraudulent ATM withdrawals (Nation Newspapers, April 8, 2016). These examples demonstrate weaknesses that may exist from security breaches and incidents caused by people, processes, and technology. Ministry of ICT and CAK are lacking specific Information Security Models tailored towards SACCOS in Kenya. The study therefore sought to assess the current status of information security policies among SACCOS in Kenya. The study adopted descriptive research design. The unit of observation was 135 SACCOS registered with SACCO Societies Regulatory Authority (SASRA) while the unit of analysis was 270 ICT personnel working in the 135 targeted SACCOS. The study targeted the SACCOS heads of IT department. The study used Nassiuma (2000) formula to get a sample of 85 respondents. Purposive sampling was further used in selecting study participants in every SACCOS who were considered to be knowledgeable of the variables under study. The study utilized questionnaire as the survey instrument to collect both quantitative and qualitative data. The study adopted descriptive statistics. Descriptive data was presented by use of frequency tables. The study established that in all the SACCOS studied, information security policy is used. However, there are still challenges on how information security breaches and incidents can be contained based on the results of the study and therefore calls for further research in academic research. The findings of the study indicate that SACCOS were able to validate that the enhanced information security model using an integrated approach worked as planned and reported to auditors, managers and executives that incident response programs are robust and reliable. If security controls didn’t work as planned, they will need to fix them. The actions and resources needed should be included in in the report to executives in the SACCOS sector in Kenya Keywords : SACCOS, Management controls, Information Security Policies, Risk assessment DOI : 10.7176/EJBM/11-27-09 Publication date:September 30th 2019

On Behalf of the People: The Use of Public Opinion and the Perception of “the People” in Political Communication Strategies of Dutch MPs

This study investigates the role of public opinion for members of parliaments (MPs) in a time in which communication about the will of “the People” is high on the political agenda. By means of face-to-face elite interviews with Dutch MPs, we explore who politicians perceive as “the People,” how they assess “the will of the People,” and how this translates into their communication strategies. We find that MPs distinguish between listening to individual opinion, to understand what topics are at the forefront of “the People’s” minds, and taking political action considering a more general public. MPs are divided in their acceptance of the term “the People”—some find it useful, while others voice concerns over its antipluralistic implications. We find evidence of populist communication strategies in the form of references to public opinion across the political spectrum. Political communication is used for political marketing and to connect to the electorate. We conclude that Dutch MPs are not becoming more populist across the political spectrum, but rather that there is a tendency toward personalization and authenticity in political communication, which makes “normal” political communication appear more populist.

Two-Stage Relay Selection for Enhancing Physical Layer Security in Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access

In this paper, we examine the physical layer security of a cooperative relay network where two source-destination pairs communicate through a decode-and-forward (DF) relay in the presence of multiple eavesdroppers. To safeguard the legitimate communications against eavesdropping, we propose a novel two-stage secure relay selection (TSSRS) with a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme to maximize the capacity of one source-destination pair, while guaranteeing the successful communication of the other source-destination pair. To explicitly reveal the benefits of our proposed scheme, we derive the exact and asymptotic expressions for its secrecy outage probability. As a benchmark, we also analyze the secrecy performance of the TSSRS strategy with an orthogonal multiple access (OMA) scheme. Both theoretical analysis and simulation results demonstrate that our proposed TSSRS-NOMA scheme significantly outperforms the TSSRS-OMA scheme when the transmit power at the source and relay is in the low and medium regimes. In addition, we show that the advantage of the TSSRS-NOMA scheme over the TSSRS-OMA scheme becomes obvious when the two source-destination pairs have profoundly different secrecy requirements.

Control of fraud on mobile money services in Ghana: an exploratory study

PurposeFraud is a global economic menace which threatens the survival of individuals, firms, industries and economies, and the mobile money service is no exception. This paper aims to explore the main causes of fraud in the mobile money services in Ghana and the measures to combat the menace by the key stakeholders connected to the mobile money services. The paper is motivated by recent reports of numerous fraudulent transactions on the mobile money platform, and the need to clamp down these nefarious transactions with effective and practical measures to sustain the service.Design/methodology/approachA thorough review of existing studies on fraud risk relating to mobile money services was done revealing a paucity of literature on the subject. Primary data were gathered using an interview guide to explore the magnitude of the problem based on the views of employees of mobile money operators, mobile money agents, banking supervisors from Bank of Ghana, employees of partnering banks, employees of National Communications Authority and mobile money subscribers.FindingsThe study revealed that fraud in mobile money services is caused by weak internal controls and systems, lack of sophisticated information technology tools to detect the menace, inadequate education and training and the poor remuneration of employees. These factors disrupt the growth, and the smooth-running of the services. To curb this menace, a detailed legal code and internal fraud policy should be developed and used by mobile money operators and partner banks. Adequate training for mobile money agents should be encouraged coupled with public awareness campaigns to educate stakeholders especially the mobile money subscribers on the tricks of the fraudsters.Research limitations/implicationsWith the chosen research methodology and limited sample size, the findings may not reflect the views of all the stakeholders connected to the mobile money services. Therefore, future studies on this subject are entreated to use research methods which embrace larger samples to get more details about this menace.Practical implicationsThe study will assist in tackling the mobile money fraud to sustain the service in the foreseeable future.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to scanty literature on fraud relating to the mobile money services by drawing lessons from a middle-income country.

An Artificial Noise assisted secrecy-enhancing scheme for Space–Time Shift Keying systems

It is meaningful in practice to explore a secrecy-enhancing Multi-Input-Multi-Output (MIMO) scheme with flexible Radio Frequency (RF) antenna chains as well as low complexity. In this paper, an Artificial Noise (AN) assisted secrecy-enhancing scheme is proposed for the Space–Time Shift Keying (STSK) systems, which has the capability to prevent the passive eavesdropper from eavesdropping the legitimate communication. In the proposed AN-STSK scheme, the transmitter exploits the knowledge of legitimate Channel State Information (CSI) to generate suitable AN with an optimal power fraction in order to introduce interference to the transmit signal. Since the AN resides in the null space of the legitimate channel matrix, the AN can be canceled at the legitimate receiver. First, the secrecy capacity of the proposed AN-STSK scheme has been derived theoretically based on the system model and then resolved by using the Monte Carlo approach. Further, the simulation results of the proposed scheme over the fast fading and block invariant channel have been obtained and studied in detail compared with the traditional AN-Spatial Modulation (SM) scheme. It has been seen that the proposed scheme can improve the secrecy capacity at a cost of a slight increase in Bit Error Rate (BER) through a proper fraction of transmit power allocated to AN. Therefore, the performance trade-offs between the BER and the secrecy capacity can be made in practice. Moreover, it is more effective for the AN-STSK scheme to block the passive eavesdropping when the channel Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) increases since the BER of the legitimate receiver decreases much faster than that of the passive eavesdropper. As a result, the proposed scheme can boost the secrecy capacity at much higher level than the traditional AN-SM scheme in case of the good channel condition.

‘I’m not a chance taker’: A mixed methods exploration of factors affecting prostate cancer treatment decision-making

ABSTRACT Objectives African American prostate cancer survivors experience post-treatment decisional regret more often than European Americans, which can lead to negative long-term effects on quality of life. A prominent driver of health-related decision-making is emotion, yet little work has examined the impact emotions may have on decisional regret. The goal of this study was to explore experiences, perceptions, and emotions of prostate cancer survivors in relation to their diagnostic and treatment decision-making processes, prostate cancer treatment, and outcomes. Additionally, we sought to identify factors that might explain differences in prostate cancer outcomes between African and European Americans. Design This mixed-methods study utilized a convergent parallel design, in which quantitative and qualitative data were collected simultaneously and then integrated to more robustly explain relationships between variables. Survivors were eligible for the study if they had been previously diagnosed with localized prostate cancer and were no more than six months post-treatment. The study was guided by the Risk as Feelings Model, which predicts the relationship between emotion and cognition in high-risk decision-making. Results No men experienced decisional regret following treatment, even if they experienced side effects. While all men reported being surprised about their prostate cancer diagnosis, strong negative emotions were more common among men under 65. Family support and spirituality appeared to mitigate negative emotions. Perceived authenticity of provider communication was the most influential mediator in men’s decision-making and positive perceptions of their outcomes. Conclusions To mitigate the impact emotional responses have on decision-making and post-treatment regret, providers should explore alternate therapies (e.g. counseling for men diagnosed with prostate cancer at a young age) and include family members in prostate cancer treatment discussions. Most importantly, providers should be aware of the importance of quality communication on men’s cognitive and emotional processes and their perceptions of treatment outcomes.

The Representation of Women and Racialized Minorities as Expert Sources On-Air in Canadian Public Affairs Television

Background Research shows that women and racialized minorities are misrepresented and underrepresented across popular media. To date, however, limited attention has been given to the representation of these groups as expert news sources within Canadian television.Analysis This study conducts an analysis of three public affairs shows aired by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation and the Ontario Educational Communications Authority over a four-month period, cataloguing the gender and racialized minority status of 737 on-air guests.Conclusions & implications The findings show that women and racialized minorities are underrepresented, with racialized minority women being particularly disadvantaged.

Building a theoretical framework of message authenticity in CSR communication

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide an integrative theoretical framework that advances the underdeveloped stream of research that analyses how message authenticity influences the persuasiveness of corporate social responsibility (CSR) communication. Design/methodology/approach Theoretical and empirical literature on authenticity is reviewed to provide a comprehensive definition of message authenticity in CSR communication. An integrative theoretical framework is also developed to understand how message authenticity is enhanced through the design of informational content and it improves consumer responses to CSR communication. Findings The framework presented in the paper defends that message authenticity can be integrated in communication models based on three streams of research: identity-based brand management model, attribution theory and heuristic-systematic model. Consumer attributions of message authenticity can be notably improved with a message design based on CSR fit, social topic information and specificity. Authenticity improves message and source credibility by reducing consumer scepticism and enhancing their attributions of corporate expertise and trustworthiness. Indirect benefits of CSR message authenticity include increased consumer purchase, loyalty and advocacy behaviours. Originality/value The value of the paper resides in making the rather underdeveloped and inconclusive literature on authenticity accessible to CSR and communication researchers and practitioners. A theoretical framework is provided for further research that would contribute to improving the knowledge on the role that message authenticity plays in CSR communication.

A Study on the Gender Digital Divide: Overcoming the Under-Representation of South African Women in the IT Sector

In South Africa, women are grossly underrepresented in the Information Technology (IT) sector result of gender stereotyping and discrimination. According to the Independent Communications Authority of South Africa (ICASA) Report (2017), only 21% of executives in the IT sector are women. This has caused high unemployment of women IT graduates. The purpose of this study therefore is to explore and investigate the antecedents that influence and impact the phenomenon of the gender digital divide in South Africa. The study explores new antecedents of the digital gender divide that influences motivation of women to participate in the IT sector. This study used a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews of South African women in the IT sector. The rich volume of data collected was analysed via a thematic analysis. The analysis confirmed existing antecedents gleaned from literature and also uncovered three new dimensions, namely, networking, impartial mentorship and HR as motivators for women in the IT sector. The findings of the study also provides for a better understanding on the barriers that perpetuate the unequal gender gap problem especially in managerial and leadership roles.

РЕМІНІСЦЕНЦІЇ ЛІНГВІСТА ДО ТЕОРІЇ ІДЕНТИФІКАЦІЇ: EПІСТОЛЯРІЙ ПАНТЕЛЕЙМОНА КУЛІША. СТАТТЯ 2

The article is devoted to the analysis of the complex process of evolution of Panteleimon Kulish's worldview. Panteleimon Kulish was a polyphonic personality who left in the history of the Ukrainian culture the heritage of a writer, publisher and translator. P. Kulish's epistolary and creative work are investigated in the categories of E. Erickson's theory, which has become an intellectual matrix for understanding the processes of a subject's development in certain psychosocial conditions and circumstances. In E. Erickson's theory of identification the article analyses the epistolary of Panteleimon Kulish – an outstanding Ukrainian culturologist, publisher, writer and translator. The author states that E. Erickson's theory created the intellectual matrix of a person's development analysis in the system of psychosocial conditions and circumstances. The scholar studies E. Erickson's main postulate, namely the correlation of a personality with psychosocial identity. The stages of evolution of P. Kulish's national self-consciousness (from assertion of slavophilе positions in his youth to evolutionary extension of the author's worldview) are considered. Accordingly, the dominant of the artist's Ukrainian-centricity, enrichment of his worldview with European ideas, ideals, cultural facts and, as a consequence, a formed outlook with understanding of the identification perspective of the nation in European history and culture are analyzed. The major problem in the analysis of P. Kulish's creative person is the problem of ethnic identification. The article explores the criteria of P. Kulish's ethnic identification: existential choice, ways of self-realization, achievement of internal freedom, solving individual-psychological problems of belonging to a certain social strata, realization of a person's powerful intentions in the national language. The analytics of the article is based on P. Kulish's epistolary that is a representative form of the author's communication with the leading writers and public figures of the Slavic world in the middle of the 19th century. The epistolary enables to build a panorama of ideas and concepts that have been developed by intellectuals in the context of analyzing the problem of national identity.

Calvino's Ariosto's Orlando: Selection, Omission, Praise, Paraphrase

Calvino's Ariosto's Orlando:Selection, Omission, Praise, Paraphrase John C. McLucas1 (bio) "Orlando furioso" di Ludovico Ariosto, raccontato da Italo Calvino—con una scelta del poema (hereafter Orlando raccontato) is a brilliant encounter of two great and kindred Italian writers; they are also two of my favorites and among those I have most often taught. Italo Calvino's abridging and anthologizing strategy in this volume corresponds roughly to that which I have used in the past to reduce Ludovico Ariosto's Orlando furioso to a dose feasible for students in the United States at the intermediate to advanced levels of Italian language acquisition—though there is intriguingly little overlap between the passages Calvino chooses to feature and those which I have focused on in past teaching (to which I will return later). To propose that Calvino nursed a profound admiration for Ariosto is no novelty. His trilogia araldica—Il visconte dimezzato (1952), Il barone rampante (1957) and Il cavaliere inesistente (1959), later published together as I nostri antenati—would be unimaginable without the Ariostean subtext. Already his more conventionally neorealist production, [End Page S-332] as early as Il sentiero dei nidi di ragno (1947), was credited by no less a critic than Cesare Pavese with a "sapore ariostesco."2 Cinzia Cupersito's 2008 thesis at the Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia at the Università degli Studi di Salerno, "Presenze di Ludovico Ariosto nella narrativa di Italo Calvino," explores the underlying influence of Ariosto in many of Calvino's works throughout his career, though it does not directly address Orlando raccontato.3 In Calvino's Il castello dei destini incrociati (1973), Orlando and Astolfo figure in one of the interlocked tales of the tarot and in Perché leggere i classici? (1991) the author dedicates two complete essays to the Furioso: "La struttura dell'«Orlando»" and "Piccola antologia di ottave." At the very end of his career Calvino yet again tips his hat to Ariosto in passing, by citing Astolfo's voyage to the Moon as an example of leggerezza in his Lezioni americane (1993). When Calvino turns explicitly to articulating his admiration for Ariosto in Orlando raccontato, the juxtaposition of two master wordsmiths makes for a thought-provoking and entertaining book. He starts with a very skillful "Presentazione" in which he recapitulates the literary tradition of epic romance within which Ariosto wrote, with some background on his historical context. He then summarizes and comments upon the entire vast poem in twenty-two witty chapters into which he embeds passages of Ariosto's original, also providing copious endnotes. While Calvino's admiration of Ariosto is apparent in every line of his book, both his summary and his commentary comprise some conspicuous and charged omissions, revealing perhaps a cryptic and deftly managed anxiety of influence.4 Simply put, Calvino concentrates his comments on details of Ariosto's stylistic technique and verbal artistry, while ducking many of his most transgressive ideological suggestions and his broader and bolder structural methods. Clearly enamored of Ariosto's extraordinarily suggestive imagery and quicksilver versification, Calvino can nevertheless be said to have foregrounded his own style more than Ariosto did. In Ariosto's work, every hendecasyllable of which flows with an assured inevitability, a paradoxically low number of individual verses sticks in the memory. This contrasts starkly with the way most well educated Italians have by heart at least a dozen lines of the Commedia to ventilate in public. With [End Page S-333] Ariosto, instead, one recalls countless incidents, situations, tones and characters but relatively few specific verses. Two exceptions, both from the very first of the forty-six cantos of the poem, are the aphoristic verses "ecco il giudicio uman come spesso erra" (OF 1.7—"Behold how often human judgement goes astray"—all translations mine) and "Oh gran bontà de' cavallieri antiqui!" (OF 1.22—"Oh, the great goodness of the knights of old!"); Calvino himself mentions the notoriety of these two verses in his "Presentazione."5 Ariosto's verse is always expert and graceful but his stylistic priority is always clarity rather than beauty: an excessively striking verse risks calling attention to itself and interrupting the author's communication of both plot...

Uplink Interference Management for Hetnets Stressed by Clustered Wide-Band Jammers

In heterogeneous cellular networks (HetNets), small base stations (SBSs) are overlaid in the coverage region of a macro base station (MBS) to improve coverage and spectral efficiency. However, the performance of HetNets is significantly degraded by inter-cell interference (ICI) due to aggressive frequency reuse and multi-tier deployment. Besides ICI, the uplink (UL) communications of MBS edge-users (M-EUs) are prone to jammers’ interference (JI) due to wide-band jammers (WBJs). With sufficient knowledge of network parameters, such as frequency bands and transmit powers, WBJs inject JI in the UL communications band to affect legitimate communications by degrading UL signal-to-interference ratio (SIR). Such distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks normally target organizations, shopping malls, or public gatherings by clustering around them. As a countermeasure, we use decoupled association (DeCA) for the M-EUs, as opposed to the coupled association (CA), to improve UL SIR. Additionally, we use proactive interference management scheme, known as reverse frequency allocation (RFA), along with DeCA to resist both ICI and JI. The results show that WBJs cluster effectively degrades the legitimate UL communications of the target. The results also demonstrate that the network performance degrades significantly by increasing jammers’ density and transmit power. Furthermore, DeCA with RFA leads to improved network performance due to effective ICI and JI mitigation.

A Study of the Effects on Applying Test Design to Information Communication Authority Module

Information communication authority module software contains various functions and services. A software test is the only acceptance test step. Recently, however, all development steps have become important. In particular, the software acceptance step is very high, and a study of the effective use of limited time and resources on acceptance step is needed. This study examined the efficiency of the Test Design Technique for Software Test. The proposed Test Design process was applied to the domain systems of infocommunication and the degree of improvement was measured. This paper establishes Software Test design process Infrastructure based on the developed software.

BRAND COMMUNICATION AS A SOCIAL PHENOMENON

Social conditionality of the object interaction, its emotional evaluation, as well as the motivation for further interaction with respect to the brand, to the change or the static behaviour is a pattern for brand communication. Brand communication has a number of features indicating its autonomy, complexity and versatility. The brand is a factor in consumer behaviour management, whose behavioural res­ponses are quite diverse and shaped by the social factors influence, the detection and taking into consideration of which affects the authenticity of the brand communication predicted effects. The most important feature of the brand is its psychology, although all marketing processes are aimed at its creation and development. When promoting the brand the expediency of integrated marketing communications is determined by the fact that the only advertising communications usage is not the main source of its meanings formation. In the vast majority of cases, modern brand communication can be characterized as integrated one. Since the effectiveness of brand management activities depends on the complex of integrated marketing communications, thus collectively providing a synergetic effect of brand communication. In the sphere of higher education the brand itself becomes a pledge of market competition power of higher education services, as choosing the university applicants in their choice mainly aim at the brand, reputation and image components of the higher educational establishment. Brand communication is a social phenomenon, which includes advertising communications, that forms a desire to buy. Its effectiveness is achieved through advertising. Brand communication is a process of psychological impact on the communicator and the recipient, based on the mechanism of various social groups representatives’ persuasion. Reasoning from the provision that brand communication is a social phenomenon, the brand is the image of a social object which occurs as a reaction to encouragement in the process of communicative interaction.

Secrecy Capacity of a Class of Erasure Wiretap Channels in WBAN.

In wireless body area networks (WBANs), the secrecy of personal health information is vulnerable to attacks due to the openness of wireless communication. In this paper, we study the security problem of WBANs, where there exists an attacker or eavesdropper who is able to observe data from part of sensors. The legitimate communication within the WBAN is modeled as a discrete memoryless channel (DMC) by establishing the secrecy capacity of a class of finite state Markov erasure wiretap channels. Meanwhile, the tapping of the eavesdropper is modeled as a finite-state Markov erasure channel (FSMEC). A pair of encoder and decoder are devised to make the eavesdropper have no knowledge of the source message, and enable the receiver to recover the source message with a small decoding error. It is proved that the secrecy capacity can be achieved by migrating the coding scheme for wiretap channel II with the noisy main channel. This method provides a new idea solving the secure problem of the internet of things (IoT).

Virtual communities: Interaction, identity and authority in digital communication

Abstract This paper analyzes two settings of digital communication in which social actors participate, interact and engage differently within virtual communities. Online identities are interactionally and discursively constructed and this process defines differences in groupness, illustrating the nature of those online spaces. This study builds on the notion of Citizen Sociolinguistics, that is, ordinary people producing metacommentaries on language uses, to examine the data in different digital communication settings. This work analyzes 500 comments posted by readers on the site of the newspaper El País, in response to an article announcing the new Spanish orthographic reforms. Additionally, it analyzes 200 threads of the “Sólo español” (“Spanish only”) sub-forum within WordReference.com. The analysis investigates identity and hierarchy in digital communication as socio-cultural results of linguistic interaction. By analyzing interaction and identity in online spaces, this paper proposes empirical ways to account for differences in virtual communities, reconsiders established criteria such as time and regularity in interaction, and proposes new criteria (hierarchy and authority) to accentuate the distinctions regarding virtual communities.

Quantum network dialogue protocol based on continuous-variable GHZ states

Quantum dialogue network, as a considerable topic, promotes high efficiency and instantaneousness in quantum communication through simultaneously deducing the secret information over the quantum channel. A new quantum network dialogue protocol is proposed based on continuous-variable GHZ states. In the protocol, the quantum dialogue could be conducted simultaneously among multiple legitimate communication parties. The security of the proposed protocol is ensured by the correlation of continuous-variable GHZ entangled states and the decoy states inserted into the GHZ states in the randomly selected time slots. In addition, the proposed quantum network dialogue protocol with continuous-variable quantum states improves the communication efficiency with the perfect utilization of quantum bits greatly.

Secrecy Rate Optimizations for MIMO Communication Radar

In this paper, we investigate transmit beampattern optimization techniques for a multiple-input multiple-output radar in the presence of a legitimate communications receiver and an eavesdropping target. The primary objectives of the radar are to satisfy a certain target-detection criterion and to simultaneously communicate safely with a legitimate receiver by maximizing the secrecy rate against the eavesdropping target. Therefore, we consider three optimization problems, namely target return signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio maximization, secrecy rate maximization, and transmit power minimization. However, these problems are nonconvex due to the nonconcavity of the secrecy rate function, which appears in all three optimizations either as the objective function or as a constraint. To solve this issue, we use Taylor series approximation of the nonconvex elements through an iterative algorithm, which recasts the problem as a convex problem. Two transmit covariance matrices are designed to detect the target and convey the information safely to the communication receiver. Simulation results are presented to validate the efficiency of the aforementioned optimizations.

Perfect forward secrecy in VoIP networks through design a lightweight and secure authenticated communication scheme

With the growth of the internet, development of IP based services has increased. Voice over IP (VoIP) technology is one of the services which works based on the internet and packet switching networks and uses this structure to transfer the multimedia data e.g. voices and images. Recently, Chaudhry et al., Zhang et al. and Nikooghadam et al. have presented three authentication and key agreement protocols, separately. However, in this paper, it is proved that the presented protocols by Chaudhry et al. and also Nikooghadam et al. do not provide the perfect forward secrecy, and the presented protocol by Zhang et al. not only is vulnerable to replay attack, and known session-specific temporary information attack, but also does not provide user anonymity, re-registration and revocation, and violation of fast error detection. Therefore, a secure and efficient two-factor authentication and key agreement protocol is presented. The security analysis proves that our proposed protocol is secure against various attacks. Furthermore, security of proposed scheme is formally analyzed using BAN logic and simulated by means of the AVISPA tool. The simulation results demonstrate security of presented protocol against active and passive attacks. The communication and computation cost of the proposed scheme is compared with previously proposed authentication schemes and results confirm superiority of the proposed scheme.

Realization of RFID-Based DAS Using an RF Transceiver and Huffman Coding

ABSTRACT This paper presents the approach of the design of a programmable radio frequency identification (RFID) reader and tag using a 2.4 GHz RF transceiver and microcontroller and data acquisition system. It can be substitute of conventional RFID tag and reader. Temperature sensor values are acquired by the tag and the following EPC RFID global communication protocol sensor values are sent to the reader at remote place after authentication communication is established by microcontroller programming. Using the Huffman coding technique with the help of the MATLAB software, a large volume of data is stored and compressed efficiently without any losses.