Authorities In London Research Articles

Coping with change in the NHS: a frontline district's response to AIDS.

The core of this paper is a case study of how a District Health Authority (Paddington and North Kensington, now Parkside DHA following a recent merger with Brent DHA) in Inner London responded to a major new health care issue of the 1980s--Aids, but the paper also seeks to locate this case study material within wider debates. What theories are there of organisational change which could be used to illuminate policy and service change in the health care sector? How, indeed, do we best study change in health care organisations? The paper is thus in three parts. In the first section we identify some streams of literature which act as a frame of reference defining our initial research question and discuss implications for methodology. The second section presents the case itself, while the last section discusses some emerging findings.

An English Quaker Minister's Visit to Colonial America, 1773-1775

An English Quaker Minister's Visit to Colonial America, 1773-1775 John M. Moore* In spite of the difficulties of travel in the 18th century, a steady stream of Quaker ministers from England visited the American colonies on religious missions during that period. These visits were often reciprocated as American Friends returned to the mother country in response to the Divine call. Frederick B. Tolles described these close contacts between British and American Friends in his Quakers and the Atlantic Culture. ' Other writers have supplemented his list of Quaker ministers and other travellers.2 Among the last to make an extended journey to America before the outbreak of the Revolutionary War was Robert Walker (17?- ?785) whose manuscript journal has been acquired by the Friends Historical Library at Swarthmore College. This journal records Robert Walker's visit to America from 1773 to 1775 during which time he travelled about 5000 miles on horseback and visited Friends and Friends meetings in all of the thirteen original colonies. His visit is of particular interest because of the growing tension between the governmental authorities in London and those elements in the colonies who were becoming increasingly restive under British rule. While Robert Walker conceived his mission as a purely religious one, he repeatedly cautioned his Quaker listeners not to involve themselves in political agitation but to wait quietly before the Lord. Robert Walker was a clothier by trade who lived in Gildersome, near Leeds in Yorkshire. He was married and had several children, one of whom migrated to New York State after the War of Independence . Robert Walker felt himself called to the ministry in 1751 and was so recorded. At first he ministered only in his own meeting and its vicinity, but in 1765 he began to travel more widely in England and Ireland. He set out for America on the 25th of May 1773 when he was 56 years of age and had been married for 29 years. He left his wife and children to care for the family business and set off for * John M. Moore is professor emeritus of religion and philosophy at Swarthmore College. He is a former editor of Quaker History. The unpaged manuscript of Robert Walker's Journal, 1773-1775, is in the Friends Historical Library, Swarthmore College. 1 . Frederick B. Tolles, Quakers and the Atlantic Culture (Chapel Hill, 1960), chap. I and II. 2.See, for example, G.J. Willauer, "First Publishers of Truth in New England, A Composite List, 1656-1775," Quaker History, 65.1 (Spring, 1976) 35-44. 104Quaker History London by coach where he attended the yearly meeting. He visited other Friends meetings in Norwich, Colchester, and elsewhere before sailing from Gravesend during the night of July 18-19. He sailed in the company of three other English Friends: Elizabeth Robinson of Wensleydale, Mary Leaver from Nottingham, and Morris Birkbeck from Settle. The group also included two sisters, Sarah and Deborah Morris, who were returning to America after a religious visit to England. Robert Walker's journal contains daily notes about the weather and the progress of their voyage. The six Quakers held meetings for worship on First Day and once or twice during the week. They gathered on deck if the weather was fair or in the cabin if it was not. The voyage lasted two months, about average for that period. They landed at Chester in Pennsylvania on the 18th of September, attended meeting there the next day, and proceeded in the afternoon to Philadelphia. Robert Walker lodged at the home of Joshua Fisher while the others scattered to the homes of other Friends. Robert Walker busied himself immediately with the main purpose of his journey, attending Friends meetings and bearing his religious testimony. He attended the Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of Ministers and Elders on Monday, 10th mo. 1st, 1773, and meetings for business at several Philadelphia meetings during the ensuing couple of weeks.3 His journal contains a meticulous record of the meetings which he attended and the Friends in whose homes he was entertained, but says little of his message. It is clear, however, that he pled for the renewal of Friends' zeal and for adherence to the...

Implications of local government reforms in London

Two major changes affecting local authorities in London are scheduled to be implemented in the next couple of years, namely the poll tax and the abolition of the Inner London Education authority. Some inner London authorities will be worse off as a result.

Epidemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

We contrast the experiences, in our Health Authority in South-East London, with the particular epidemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (the EMRSA) strain that has recently spread widely around London and South-East England, and with the other MRSA (OMRSA) strains encountered there. Our isolates of the EMRSA were identical by chromosomal restriction enzyme analysis, and the chromosomal and plasmid phenotypes were similar to those described in North London and Eastern Australia. Experimental phage-typing distinguished them from OMRSA encountered in 1984 to 1986. Between 1984 and 1985, the EMRSA caused increased infection and patient colonization compared to the years 1969 to 1983. A change in infection control procedures was usually required to control the EMRSA and in 1986 isolates had returned to their pre-1984 levels. Between 1984 and 1986 OMRSA were still encountered, but did not spread or require changes in infection control procedures. The distribution of other resistant isolates was examined; c 94% of neomycin-resistant isolates were in-patients or clinic patients. Forty-five different phage-type/antibiogram patterns were found in 88 isolates from 66 patients between 1982 and 1985, and patient clusters were uncommon. The ability of the EMRSA to spread is discussed and is probably not purely organism related. Our experience supports the contention that some MRSA are truly epidemic, whilst others do not behave in this manner.

The exclusion of catholics from the legal profession in Ireland, 1537-1829

Between the Reformation and catholic emancipation a succession of statutory and other provisions was framed by the authorities in Dublin and London with the intention of enforcing religious conformity Persons who refused to conform were rendered liable to various disabilities and penalties of a severe nature. Discrimination became widespread in the first half of the eighteenth century with what were collectively known as the penal laws. These contained general provisions which touched all citizens in relation to many aspects of their lives, especially the holding of land. But from 1537 there were also specific measures aimed at particular groups, including the legal profession. These measures ensured that appointments to the bench could continue to be manipulated on the basis of loyalty to the established church. Long after the first relaxation of the penal laws, catholic lawyers who refused to conform were still excluded from the higher ranks of the legal profession. The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which statutory and other requirements, introduced from 1537 onwards, were effective in excluding Roman Catholics from legal practice and in achieving outward religious conformity among lawyers between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries.

The privatisation of Public Sector Landholdings: The example of Health authorities in London and the South East

The privatisation of Public Sector Landholdings: The example of Health authorities in London and the South East

‘A Swift Agent of Government’: Air Power in British Colonial Africa, 1916–1939

In the inter-war years one major role for the Royal Air Force was imperial defence. The Air Staff further argued that air power, used in substitution for the Army, would provide a more economical and effective means of policing and subjugating unrest in the remoter and more inaccessible areas of the colonial empire in Asia and Africa. The first successful major operation by the R.A.F. in Somaliland in 1920 encouraged the extension of air policing to the troublesome Middle East. The R.A.F. saw the Sudan as an integral part of its Middle East operations and throughout the late 1920s and 1930s military aircraft stationed in Khartoum were used to deal with revolt in the Southern Sudan. Continued Army opposition to substitution led the R.A.F. to seek a role in the sub-Saharan colonies. The need for defence economies as a result of the Depression, the Italian invasion of Ethiopia, and unrest on the Copperbelt persuaded the authorities in both London and the colonies of the need for an Air Force presence in East and Central Africa.

Domestic Violence: A Question of Housing?

Abstract It is widely acknowledged that the duties owed by local authorities under the Housing (Homeless Persons) Act 1977 are of considerable practical importance to victims of domestic violence. Department of Environment figures1 show that a steady stream of applications to housing departments for rehousing are a consequence of violent disputes between spouses or cohabitees. In the first half of 1982,11 per cent, of persons accepted by housing authorities in London for permanent accommodation, and 16 per cent, in other Metropolitan districts, fell into this category. It has also been demonstrated that women who have suffered violence often prefer rehousing to the prospect of returning to the former matrimonial home. The Women's Aid Federation report “Leaving Violent Men” found that only 8 per cent, of the women at refuges eventually went back to live in their old homes on leaving the refuge, and only half of these were still living there a year later when a follow-up study was done. Only 16 per cent, ac...

Part-time Training in Psychiatry: A Personal View

In 1975, seven years after registration, I had two small children and a part-time post as Staff Medical Officer with an Area Health Authority in London. For various personal and medical reasons I had decided to have a family early in my marriage. I felt it right that their upbringing should be largely done by me, and the alternative, if I worked full time, would be to hand over their care to someone else. I knew, however, that I should not be satisfied with a purely domestic role and part-time work in occupational health provided a compromise at the time. But I was uneasily aware of the lack of a definite goal and of my own doubts about continuing long term in this type of work.

Modernity, legitimation and the Soviet imperial state

Abstract Charles W. Kegley Jr. and Pat McGowan, (eds) Foreign Policy USA/USSR, Beverly Hills, Sage Publications, 1982, pp. 320. $25, $12.50 (paper) David Holloway The Soviet Union and the Arms Race, New Haven and London, Yale University Press, 1983, pp. 211. $28.50 T. H. Rigby and Ferenc Feher (eds) Political Legitimation in Communist States, London and Bas‐ingstoke, Macmillan, 1982, pp. 177. $20 George W. Breslauer Khrushchev and Brezhnev as Leaders: Building Authority in Soviet Politics, London, George Allen and Unwin, 1982, pp. 318. $39.95, $18.95 (paper) Y. V. Andropov, Speeches and Writings, Oxford, Pergamon Press, 1983, pp. 262. $30.00

Proposals for a trial marriage between primary and secondary health care in one or two districts in Inner London.

A plea is made for an experiment in unified health care in one or two of the new district health authorities in Inner London. The essence of the proposal is that district health authorities should hold the contracts of independent contractors, that the independence and entitlements of the contractors should be preserved, but that the district health authorities should manage a unified budget. This could bring many potential and actual advantages. Administrative problems would not be insuperable. If the scheme was successful it could be gradually extended; if unsuccessful it could be wound up without serious consequences.

Whigs and Paupers: The Reform of the English Poor Laws, 1830-1834

In 1832, a royal commission was appointed to investigate the operation of the poor laws in England and Wales, and two years later legislation was adopted on the basis of the commission's recommendations. For most contemporaries the passage of this measure, the so-called New Poor Law, seemed to promise significant, perhaps even radical, change in the administration of poor relief. An ancient system of parochial government was to be supplanted in the localities by a series of larger poor law unions and boards of guardians, whose discretion was to be limited by responsibility to a national bureaucratic authority in London. No less dramatic was the relief policy that the new law envisioned. It was generally understood that the poor law commissioners appointed under the act were to direct their main efforts to the establishment of a system of workhouses, wherein relief could be accorded under conditions that rendered the pauper's lot “less eligible,” that is, less attractive, than that of the poorest independent laborer. Through such means, it was hoped, an end might be made to what was seen as a long-established and widespread practice of supplementing the inadequate wages of the laboring poor out of the poor rates.While the tendency of recent work has been to question the practical effect of this legislation on the actual distribution of aid, the problem remains of explaining the motivations and intentions of the men who promoted a measure of such seemingly abundant and far-reaching implications.

Cops and Bobbies: Police Authority in New York and London, 1830-1870

Cops and Bobbies: Police Authority in New York and London, 1830-1870

Cops and Bobbies: Police Authority in New York and London, 1830-1870, by Wilbur R. Miller

<i>Cops and Bobbies: Police Authority in New York and London, 1830-1870</i>, by Wilbur R. Miller

Cops and Bobbies: Police Authority in New York and London, 1830-1870

Cops and Bobbies: Police Authority in New York and London, 1830-1870

Cops and Bobbies: Police Authority in New York and London, 1830-1870

Cops and Bobbies: Police Authority in New York and London, 1830-1870

&lt;sc&gt;wilbur r. miller&lt;/sc&gt;. &lt;italic&gt;Cops and Bobbies: Police Authority in New York and London, 1830–1870&lt;/italic&gt;. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1977. Pp. xii, 233. $16.00

wilbur r. miller. Cops and Bobbies: Police Authority in New York and London, 1830–1870. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1977. Pp. xii, 233. $16.00 Miller Wilbur R.. Cops and Bobbies: Police Authority in New York and London, 1830–1870. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1977. Pp. xii, 233. $16.00. Eugene J. Watts Eugene J. Watts Ohio State University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 82, Issue 5, December 1977, Pages 1217–1218, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/82.5.1217 Published: 01 December 1977

Cops and Bobbies: Police Authority in New York and London, 1830-1870

Cops and Bobbies: Police Authority in New York and London, 1830-1870

Cops and Bobbies: Police Authority in New York and London, 1830-1870.

Cops and Bobbies: Police Authority in New York and London, 1830-1870.

Police Authority in London and New York City 1830-1870

Police Authority in London and New York City 1830-1870