Authoritative Parenting Style Research Articles

The association between parents phubbing and prosocial behavior among Chinese preschool children: a moderated mediation model.

The popularization and widespread use of smartphones and other electronic devices have led to the occurrence of "parents phubbing", which may have a negative impact on child-parent relationship and preschoolers' prosocial behavior. To clarify this process, a questionnaire survey was conducted with 3,834 parents from 20 kindergartens in Zhuhai, China. This study examined the relationship between between parents phubbing, closeness child-parent relationship, authoritative parenting style and children's prosocial behavior. According to the study, we found a significant negative correlation between parents phubbing and preschoolers' prosocial behavior. Closeness child-parent relationship mediated between parents phubbing and preschoolers' prosocial behavior through mediation effects analysis. In other words, parent phubbing was negatively associated with closeness child-parent relationship, which in turn predicted less child prosocial behavior. In addition, authoritative parenting styles have a moderating effect. As the level of authoritative parenting style increases, the negative impact of parent phubbing on the prosocial behavior of preschool children is attenuated. This study contributes to the understanding of the relationship between parents phubbing and prosocial behaviors of preschool children, as well as the internal mechanisms at work. Practically, the study suggests that parents should reduce the incidence of phubbing in their contact with their children and, at the same time, work to improve the child-parent relationship and promote the development of prosocial behaviors in children.

Parenting Style and Its Correlates: Perceived among School Going Adolescents

Parents and parenting style have an effect on children’s upbringing. Children learn parenting style from their own parents and modifications are adopted by imitating their own parents. Therefore, parenting styles need to be conducive, encouraging, with minimum control over children. With this background, the present study proposes objectives to find out the perceived parenting style among students in the higher secondary school and to examine the relationship between the variables like authoritative and authoritarian parenting styles. Parenting style constitutes three main types such as authoritarian, authoritative and permissive style of parenting. But for the present study, the researchers have adopted two types of parenting styles, such as authoritative and authoritarian parenting styles. To test the variables, the researcher had selected a school in Kerala, interviewed around 121 respondents studying in high secondary school. The findings showed that there is no significant difference between authoritative and authoritarian parenting styles with the gender. But the mean and standard deviation scores reveal that most of the children felt their parenting style was authoritative rather than authoritarian.

Parenting Styles and Mental Health among Adolescents of Nawabshah (SBA), SINDH

Background: Parenting styles are crucial in shaping adolescents' mental health. With varying implications for child development, the authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive parenting styles identified by Baumrind have been subjects of extensive research. The interplay between these parenting approaches and adolescent mental health outcomes remains a pivotal area of inquiry, especially in diverse cultural contexts such as Nawabshah (SBA), Sindh. Objective: This study aimed to identify the predominant parenting styles in SBA and to assess their relationship with the mental health of school-going adolescents. Specifically, it sought to explore the association between authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive parenting styles and the prevalence of depressive symptoms among adolescents. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 354 adolescents from both government and private secondary and higher secondary schools in Nawabshah. Participants were selected using non-probability convenience sampling. Data were collected via a survey incorporating the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) for assessing mental health and the Parent Authority Questionnaire (PAQ) for evaluating parenting styles. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, employing the Pearson correlation coefficient to analyze the relationship between parenting styles and adolescent mental health. Results: The study found a predominance of the authoritative parenting style among participants' parents (56.2%). A significant yet low negative correlation was identified between authoritative parenting and moderate depression in adolescents (r = -.124, p < 0.05). Additionally, combinations of parenting styles were observed, with a notable presence of mixed authoritative-authoritarian practices. Adolescents experiencing authoritative parenting reported higher instances of moderate depression compared to those with other parenting styles. Conclusion: The findings challenge the universally positive portrayal of authoritative parenting, highlighting its complex relationship with adolescent mental health in the SBA context. The study underscores the need for a nuanced understanding of parenting styles and their impact, advocating for culturally sensitive approaches in parenting research.

Association between parental feeding styles, body mass index, and consumption of fruits, vegetables and processed foods with mothers´ perceptions of feeding difficulties in children

BackgroundFeeding difficulties (FDs) are complex phenomena influenced by parental factors, feeding behaviour, and cultural factors. However, studies of the influences of these factors on FDs incidence are scarce. Thus, this study aimed to identify the associations between mothers’ perceptions of FDs in children and parental feeding styles, body mass index, and the consumption of fruits, vegetables and processed foods.MethodTwo hundred and fifty-seven mothers of children aged 1 to 6 years and 11 months participated in this cross-sectional study and self-completed electronic questionnaires on sociographic variables, parental feeding styles, the consumption of fruits, vegetables and processed foods and FDs. Nutritional status was classified by body mass index (kg/m2).ResultsThe prevalence of FDs in children was 48.2%, and the mean age was 43.8 (± 17.6) months. The indulgent parental feeding style was the most common (40.1%), followed by the authoritative (31.1%), authoritarian (23.7%), and uninvolved (5.1%) styles. An indulgent parental feeding style (OR: 4.66; 95% CI: 2.20–9.85), a high body mass index (OR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.09–1.68), and the consumption of processed foods (OR: 5.21; 95% CI: 2.85–9.53) were positively associated with increased odds of the absence of FDs in children. The associations of authoritarian and uninvolved parental feeding styles and the consumption of fruits and vegetables with FDs in children were not significant.ConclusionThis study identified multiple factors that are possibly associated with feeding behaviours in young children. However, further studies need to be undertaken to evaluate how such behaviours affect FDs.

Examining the Influence of Family Dynamics and Parenting Styles on Adolescent Anxiety: A Cross-Sectional Study

This cross-sectional study investigates the impact of family dynamics on adolescent anxiety in a diverse sample aged 12-18. Using established psychological scales, including the Beck Anxiety Inventory and Family Environment Scale, the research identifies significant correlations between family cohesion, conflict, and parenting styles with adolescent anxiety. Results highlight the pivotal role of family conflict as a predictor of anxiety levels, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions. Authoritative parenting styles are associated with lower anxiety, endorsing the importance of supportive and structured parenting. Implications for intervention include conflict resolution programs, parenting skills training, and culturally tailored approaches. This study contributes actionable insights for practitioners, educators, and policymakers to enhance the holistic well-being of adolescents.

Relationship between Parenting Style and High School Students’ Anxious Thoughts: A Case Study in Iran

Parenting styles are variables that affect their children’s anxious thoughts. The present study aimed to examine the relationship between parenting styles with anxious thoughts of the students in selected high schools of Mashhad, Iran. A quantitative methodology in form of a correlational design was employed in this research, which comprised two main variables including parenting styles and Iranian teenagers’ anxious thoughts. To address the research objective, 180 teenagers who were students at some schools in Mashhad, Iran, and their parents, completed the study questionnaires which included Baumarind parenting styles Scale (1971) and the Anxious Thoughts Inventory (AnTI) designed by Wells (1994). The analysis of the data obtained from implementing the questionnaires was performed through SPSS25 software in two sections: descriptive and inferential (Pearson Correlation Coefficient and regression analysis, i.e. ANOVA). The results showed that there was a significant relationship between anxious thoughts and the three parenting styles. Also, the relationship between the authoritarian parenting style and the symptoms of anxious thoughts (r = -0.731) is significant in a negative way. On the other hand, it is observed that there is a positive correlation between authoritarian parenting style and anxious thoughts (r = 0.511). Finally, it is seen that there is a positive correlation between permissive parenting style and anxious thoughts (0.461), (p</01). It can be concluded that parenting styles can strongly predict anxious thoughts and determine 0.544 of variances of the anxious thoughts.

The Effects of Parent-child Attachment Style and Parenting Style on Children's Emotional Competence

Emotional competence refers to an individual's ability to recognize, understand, and regulate emotions. It has a significant impact on an individual's adaptability, overall well-being, social connectivity, and career success. The emotional competence of children is largely influenced by the environment in which children are raised, family dynamics and parental upbringing. The present study aims to explore the effects of parent-child attachment style and parenting style on children's emotional competence. Through a systematic review of studies involving different age groups and experimental methods, the results consistently show that children's emotional competence is positively correlated with secure parent-child attachment and authoritative parenting style. The practical significance of the present study is to promote a greater awareness of children's emotional competence within families and society. By enhancing parental understanding of the impact of parent-child attachment relationship and parenting style on children's emotional competence, this research aims to facilitate the adoption of more effective and reasonable family education methods.

The Role of Parents in Forming Children's Character in Sruwen Village and Duren Village

The objectives of this research are 1) To analyze how parents' roles are used in shaping children's character in Duren Village and Sruwen Village; 2) To find out how parents' roles differ in shaping children's character in Duren Village and Sruwen Village; 3) To find out how the role of parents is constructed for children in Duren Village and Sruwen Village and its relevance in facing today's millennial generation. The results of the research are: 1) The role of parents in Duren Village is an authoritative parenting style, namely parents who apply a democratic parenting style have clear rules and expectations, and the role of parents in Sruwen Village is an authoritarian parenting style where parents are the responsible party. . center, namely the center of everything. the words/words and wishes of parents are used as benchmarks that must be obeyed by children; 2) The role of parents in Duren Village in shaping children's character through behavior that is very effective in directing children, while the role of parents in Sruwen Village in caring for their children is more concerned with the wishes of parents, children are supervised quite closely, parents always maintain their distance from each other. their children rather than considering their children's wishes; 3) The construction of a democratic parental role in Duren Village will give birth to an assertive personality which is the ideal type so that there are not many weak people. Meanwhile, the construction of the role of authoritarian and permissive parents in Sruwen Village can make children feel unloved, alienated, even hated by their parents, will become individuals who are not independent, easily offended, have a negative view of other people, feel inferior and lack self-confidence. and feel free to act.

Authoritarian Parenting Style of the Main Character in the Novel a Child Called “It” by Dave Pelzer

The research entitled "The Main Character's Authoritarian Parenting Style in the Novel A Child Called 'It' by Dave Pelzer" is focused on identifying and describing the authoritarian parenting style of the main character in Dave Pelzer's novel. In addition, this study also identifies and describes the impact of authoritarian parenting by the main character on children in the novel. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method, with an objective approach to describe and illustrate authoritarian parenting and the impact of authoritarian parenting by the main character on children who are included in the intrinsic elements of the novel. Data collection which was carried out uses note-and-read techniques, in which the reading of the novel A Child Called 'It' involved all dialogues in the novel to determine the actions of the main character's authoritarian parenting and the impact of authoritarian parenting on children contained in the novel. The results of this study indicate that authoritarian parenting is a form of parenting that is not good for children. This is indicated by the presence of some unfavorable parental behavior towards children. This study shows that the authoritarian parenting style is divided into four parts and each part shows how the behavior of parents with authoritarian parenting style towards children. The impact of authoritarian parenting is divided into two parts, namely the positive impact and the negative impact. Authoritarian parenting can have a positive impact even though more negative impacts are received by children. Keywords: The main character, Authoritarian parenting style, A Child Called “It” novel

PARENTING STYLES AS CORRELATES OF TEENAGE PREGNANCY AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ENUGU STATE, NIGERIA

The study investigated parenting styles as a correlates of teenage pregnancy among adolescents in public secondary schools in Enugu State. Four research questions guided the study and four null hypotheses were tested at a .05 level of significance. The correlation research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study comprised 9,974 senior secondary school two (SS II) female adolescent students, in the 292 public secondary schools in Enugu State. A sample of 996 female adolescent students was drawn for the study through a multi-stage sampling technique. Structured questionnaires titled Parenting Styles Questionnaire (PSQ) and Teenage Pregnancy Questionnaire (TPQ) were used for data collection. The instrument was face and construct validated by three experts; while the construct validation was ascertained using the Varimax Rotation Method. Internal consistency coefficients of 0.89, 0.91, 0.90, and 0.86; 0.92, and 0.89; were obtained for PSQ and TPQ respectively, using Cronbach Alpha statistical method. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Co-efficient, simple linear regression, and multiple linear regression statistics were utilized for data analysis. The p-value was used to determine the significant difference at a .05 level of significance for all hypotheses. The findings of the study revealed that there was a low positive significant relationship between authoritative parenting style and teenage pregnancy. The result also showed that there was a high positive significant relationship between authoritarian parenting style and teenage pregnancy. It was equally found that there was a highly positive significant relationship between permissive parenting style and teenage pregnancy. Finally, the result indicated that there was a very high positive significant relationship between neglectful parenting style and teenage pregnancy. Based on the findings, the study recommended among others that the school management and parents should ensure that the home and school environment are well protected to shield the children from exposure to negative influences, by being concerned about the well-being of the girl child through education about sex, sexuality and the danger inherent. Social welfare agencies (public and private) should re-double their efforts in educating, counselling, and rehabilitation of victims of teenage pregnancy.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/lit/0758/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

PECULIARITIES OF THE RELATIONSHIPS OF FAMILY UPBRINGING STYLES AND PARENTAL ATTITUDES WITH CHILDREN’S FEAR AND ANXIETY

The article presents the results of a study comparing family upbringing strategies with parents’ attitudes towards children, comparing the parenting styles of fathers and mothers, comparing groups of children with different levels of parental control during Russia’s large-scale war in Ukraine. It is noted that during Russia’s large-scale war in Ukraine, the focus of scientific research has been somewhat shifted to vectors related to the peculiarities of experiencing traumatic events by different segments of the population. However, the focus of our research is on changes in the family system in times of adversity. The purpose of our study was to identify the peculiarities of the relationship between family upbringing styles and parental attitudes and the fears and anxiety of primary school children during the war.
 Comparison of the groups of mothers and fathers under study made it possible to see differences in family upbringing strategies. It was found that a higher level of fear and anxiety is observed in children whose parents have a high level of parental control. It has been found that an increase in the level of control and the degree of parental demands that characterize authoritarian and authoritative parenting styles contribute to the growth of child anxiety. 
 Based on the study, the following conclusions were made: the overall childhood anxiety of primary school students is inversely related to the family upbringing strategy, so the increase in the level of control and the degree of parental demands (which subjectively increase during the war), which characterize the authoritarian and authoritative styles of upbringing, contribute to the growth of childhood anxiety.
 Comparing groups of children with different levels of control revealed differences in the level of fear and anxiety. Given that the parents studied showed oppositely high rates of authoritarian, authoritative (mothers) and indifferent (fathers) parenting styles, it is argued that the difference in parenting styles is one of the leading psychological factors of anxiety in primary school children during war. 
 This was also confirmed by the results of factor analysis, which revealed one factor – control and negative attitude to the child’s failures (high demands), and another factor – cooperation and emotional acceptance as a prevention of anxiety.

The Response of Teenage Anxiety to Parents Wishes in Dead Poets Society (1989) and Negeri 5 Menara (2012)

This study examines parent-teen relationships in 'Dead Poets Society' and 'Negeri 5 Menara,' two influential movies from Western and Indonesian cultures. The research investigates how diverse social and cultural norms influence family values and the resolution of common issues. It specifically focuses on the psychological consequences of repressive and authoritarian parenting styles on central characters Neil and Alif, using Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory as a framework. Employing descriptive qualitative analysis and extensive literature and film documentation, the study uncovers distinct anxiety manifestations in Neil (fear) and Alif (depression). Additionally, it highlights the role of unconscious defense mechanisms in dealing with anxiety. This research underscores the universal impact of authoritarian parenting on adolescent mental health and the unique coping mechanisms individuals develop when faced with such stressors.

Parenting Patterns' Impact on the Likelihood of Mental Disorders in Palembang, Indonesia

Introduction: Parenting style has a crucial role in shaping a child's physical and mental growth. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of parenting styles on the likelihood of developing mental problems in the urban area of Palembang, Indonesia.
 Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional research methodology, encompassing a sample of 1,000 participants aged between 18 and 65 years. We categorized the participants based on the type of parenting style they experienced, namely authoritative, permissive, and authoritarian parenting. We used the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) questionnaire to assess the likelihood of mental illnesses.
 Results: The study found that individuals raised with an authoritative parenting style had a lower vulnerability to mental problems compared to those raised with either a permissive or authoritarian parenting style.
 Conclusion: The practice of authoritative parenting can serve as a safeguard against susceptibility to mental diseases.

Autocratic parenting of a humanoid robot: A QEEG-based case study

There are four parenting styles based on two indicators of parental affection (parental responsiveness) and parental control (parental strictness). When there is no balance between the love and strictness of the parents, the child sees various damages in different psychological, biological, and social dimensions. These injuries can be continuous and overshadow his whole life. This article is a comprehensive review of the life of a 21-year-old girl with an authoritarian parenting style, i.e., low affection and high strictness. The mother has grown up and this way of interacting with her continues from the mother’s side. Various results have shown that this girl, like her peers, has lost the ability to manage her life and basic human functions such as judgment, decision-making, planning, proper interpersonal communication, continuing education, and recognizing her interests and identity. It has become a robot that only obeys its mother and substitutes for the source of power to gain their satisfaction.

Parenting style and students’ happiness in China

This study examined the dynamic between perceived authoritarian parenting style (PAPS), and subjective wellbeing (SWB) among purposively recruited 423 college students in China. Expectancy value beliefs (EVB), fear of failure (FOF), and competitiveness were taken as mediators. The data were analyzed using Bootstrap method of 5000 sample and 95% confidence interval. The results revealed a significant negative total effect of PAPS on SWB. Additionally, two indirect paths were found to be significant: the mediation of FOF (Path 2) and the serial mediation of FOF and competitiveness (Path 6). These findings suggest that the perception of authoritarian parenting style is a negative predictor of students' happiness, and that FOF and competitiveness played important mediating roles in this relationship. These findings have important implications for educators, parents, and policymakers who aim to promote positive academic and personal outcomes for college students. The results suggest the need for interventions that address the negative impact of PAPS on students' wellbeing, and the importance of fostering positive beliefs about the value of education and academic achievement, as well as reducing FOF and promoting healthy competition.

Mediating and moderating effects of authoritative parenting styles on adolescent behavioral problems.

This study aimed to analyze how authoritative parenting affects behavioral problems among primary, junior high, and secondary high school students. Today, parental educational anxiety and parent-child relationship conflicts are common in China and are resulting in a high incidence of child behavioral problems. High-quality family education is becoming increasingly important in China. This study sought to provide a reference for developing responsive family education services. A total of 10,441 parents in Hubei Province, including urban and rural areas, were evaluated using the Parents' Education Anxiety Questionnaire, Parental Authority Parenting Questionnaire, Parent-Child Relationship Scale, and Self-Made Behavior Problem Scale to determine the internal mechanisms of child behavioral problems in the family system. To make the sample more representative, this study collected data from primary and secondary schools representative of the southeast, northwest, and center of Hubei Province; further, the number of parents involved in each school was controlled at approximately 300 to ensure that the final sample had analytical value. Educational anxiety directly affected children's behavioral problems and indirectly affected them through the conflicts between parent and child. This conflict partially mediated educational anxiety and child behavioral problems, and authoritative parenting played a significant regulatory role in this relationship. Higher levels of educational anxiety among parents increased the likelihood of a depressed family environment. This can lead to deteriorating parent-child relationships, which can result in children's problem behaviors. Parents can address these problems by changing their approach to education and adjusting their emotions accordingly.

The effect of authoritative parenting style on individual development: A literature review

Authoritative parenting style is a parenting style that emphasizes a close relationship between parents and their children through affection, disciplinary action is not a punishment but a way to guide, provide advice on the direction of life goals through good communication. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of authoritative parenting on individual development. This study uses a literature review method sourced from national scientific journal articles obtained through Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Pubmed. This study shows that authoritative parenting is associated with cognitive development, behavior problems, career decision self-efficacy of adolescents, empathy development, life satisfaction, social skills, emotional problems, self-esteem and approach coping strategies.

The Moderating Role of Marital Adjustment in Relationship Between Perceived Maternal Parenting Styles and Family Functioning among Fathers

The present study investigated the moderating role of marital adjustment in the relationship between perceived maternal parenting styles and the family functioning of fathers. It was qualitative cross-sectional research comprised of fathers (N = 200). The measures used in exploring the relationship were the Parental Authority Questionnaire (Buri, 1991), the Family ICPS Scale (Intimacy, Conflict, and Parenting Styles) developed by Noller. et. al, 1992, and the Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale (Crane, Bean, & Middleton, 2000). Following the analysis, correlation, t-test, ANOVA, and regression (through Hayes Process Macro) was run. The results emphasize the importance of marital adjustment and the marital relationship’s quality influencing the effects of maternal parenting styles on family functioning and it acknowledges that perceptions play a crucial role in shaping family dynamics. It was found that with high marital adjustment, permissive and authoritative parenting styles influence the dynamics of family functioning, and with low marital adjustment, authoritarian parenting styles influence family functioning. The results provide insights into the dynamics of fatherhood within the context of Pakistani families, shedding light on the important factors that influence paternal experiences and overall family well-being. Further research and interventions in this area can potentially enhance family relationships and explore additional variables, such as children’s involvement, cultural norms, and societal expectations, to deepen the understanding of the complex dynamics within families.

Validation of a revised parental phubbing scale for parents of young children in China

ABSTRACT To examine the reliability and validity of revised Parental Phubbing Scale (PPS) and measure the level of parental phubbing, 701 Chinese children aged 3–6 years and their parents were investigated. The results indicated that (1) the construct validity of the PPS was supported by the best-fit one-factor model; (2) concurrent validity was established by demonstrating that the PPS was positively related to parental smartphone addiction; (3) the PPS was positively correlated with authoritarian parenting style, established the predictive validity; (4) internal reliability was satisfactory. The results also showed that fathers’ and mothers’ phubbing were at the intermediate level; moreover, phubbing levels were highest among parents aged 31–40. The findings conclude that PPS can be used as a reliable and valid measure to evaluate parents’ phubbing and also highlight the need for further research on mothers’ and fathers’ phubbing.

Happy parents, happy kids: Marital happiness, parenting styles, and children's behavioral outcomes in Chinese societies

ABSTRACTObjectiveWe examine the impacts of parental marital happiness on child outcomes. We also examine the potential mediating role of parenting styles in the relationship between marital happiness and children's behavioral outcomes.BackgroundParents' marital happiness lays a crucial foundation for successful parenthood, which contributes to children's positive development. However, scant research has examined the relationship between parental marital happiness and child outcomes in Chinese populations.MethodData from a subsample of 3,258 parents of third‐grade children in Shanghai and Greater Taipei were analyzed (n = 1,285 from Shanghai; 1,973 from Greater Taipei). We conducted hierarchical multiple regression analyses to investigate whether marital happiness is a significant predictor of children's behavioral outcomes, adjusted for four covariates: parent gender, child gender, site, and subjective social status. We also conducted parallel mediation analyses to examine parenting styles as mediators.ResultsOur findings reveal that in both Shanghai and Greater Taipei, marital happiness was positively associated with authoritative parenting style and negatively associated with harsh parenting style. Moreover, marital happiness was significantly associated with children's behavioral outcomes, even after covariates were accounted for. Our parallel mediation analysis reveals that marital happiness had significant direct and indirect effects on children's behavioral outcomes through authoritative and harsh parenting styles.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate the pivotal importance of parental marital happiness in healthy child development.ImplicationsIntervention programs promoting child welfare in Chinese communities should include interparental relations. Public resources should raise awareness of marital happiness and offer guidance and support for high‐quality relationships.