Authoritative Source Of Information Research Articles

Patients' views of the value of “brown bag” medication reviews

Abstract Objective To explore and describe patients' views of the value of brown bag medication reviews. Method Semi-structured, tape-recorded interviews were conducted with 20 patients who had participated in a brown bag medication review scheme. Setting A health authority area in south-east inner London. Key findings Patients perceived the following benefits from brown bag reviews: clinical problems resolved; better understanding of their medications, leading to increased confidence; and appreciation that an interest was being taken in their health care. Reviews had given patients a sense of empowerment, and had made them realise that they had a right to information about their medical treatment and medication. As a result they were likely to be more proactive in seeking information in future. Reviews had made patients realise that pharmacists were knowledgeable about medicines, where previously many had thought that only doctors had sufficient knowledge. Reviews had enhanced relationships between patients and pharmacists. However, some patients still perceived their doctor as the authoritative source of information about medicines. Patients' accounts indicated that much of the information provided by the pharmacist was new, raising the issue of what information was routinely being provided by pharmacists. Conclusions Brown bag reviews were regarded by patients as beneficial and they wanted them to be available in the future. Patients' perceptions of pharmacists as health professionals and providers of information on medicines were enhanced by brown bag reviews.

Visualizing Global Cyberscapes: Mapping User-Generated Placemarks

This article focuses on the representation of physical places on the Internet or what we term cyberscape. While there is a wide range of online place-related information available, this project uses the metric of the number of user-generated Google Maps placemarks containing specific keywords in locations worldwide. After setting out the methods behind this research, this article provides a cartographic analysis of these cyberscapes and examines how they inform us about the material world. Visibility and invisibility in material space are increasingly being defined by prominence, ranking, and presence on the Internet, and Google has positioned itself as a highly authoritative source of online spatial information. As such, any distinct spatial patterns within uploaded information have the potential to become real and reinforced as Google is relied upon as a mirror of the offline world.

Internet Search Environment Number System: Search infrastructure for a federated environment

The Internet Search Environment Number (ISEN) is a proposed new Internet standard analogous to the International Standard Book Number (ISBN) and the International Standard Serial Number (ISBN) that would allow Internet searchers to locate more authoritative and reliable information sources than can be identified using conventional search engines. ISEN is also a metadata creation environment and a search engine. For end users, ISEN offers metadata-based basic and advanced search options, as well as features and functionalities that support database providers and ISEN editors and catalogers. In addition, ISEN is an environment in which external associations, businesses, and organizations can develop value-added services that build on the rich metadata provided by the ISEN service. In general, databases are dynamically driven and routinely updated, producing many versions of the initial database content on a regular basis. ISEN is intended to facilitate the identification of a variety of „search environments. A search environment can be defined as a body of structured information with its own search algorithm. These search environments include not only databases, but digital libraries, institutional repositories, knowledge bases, online public- access catalogs (OPACs) and peer-to-peer (P2P) systems. At the core of the ISEN system is the Internet Search Environment Number (ISEN), which is a unique number based on the underlying technologies of Digital Object Identifiers (DOI), handles from the Handle System, and Universal Unique Identifiers (UUIDs). ISEN will be supported by metadata professionals who will provide the metadata for identified search environments.

Effect of Length of Stay in Intensive Care Unit on Hospital and Long-Term Mortality of Critically Ill Adult Patients

Survey of Anesthesiology is an authoritative source of information on advances in the science and practice of anesthesiology as reported throughout the world literature. Every bimonthly issue contains 50 or more condensed articles selected by the journal’s distinguished Editorial Board from more than 100 international periodicals. Each condensed article carries a critique by a reviewing editor to provide an expert perspective on the material presented.

Representation or misrepresentation? The New York Times's framing of the 1994 Rwanda genocide

The western press is still considered the most authentic and authoritative source of information about world events. Their technological wherewithal guarantees them unlimited access to every nook and cranny of the globe and they are able to be first with the news much of the time. In spite of these advantages the western press's coverage of African issues has been mired in controversy due to a number of alleged shortcomings. The Rwanda genocide of 1994 is one such issue where the western press has been found wanting. The catalogue of accusations ranges from their lack of enthusiasm to report on the genocide and failure to expose the underlying cause of the conflict, to distortions and ignorance of the socio-economic context of the genocide. Underpinned by the framing theory and employing textual analysis, this paper analyses the representation of the 1994 Rwanda genocide in order to understand the ideological imperatives underpinning such framing and the possible impact of such representation on public opinion and perceptions. In particular the paper seeks to identify aspects of the genocide which the newspaper accentuated and those that it sought to downplay. The paper argues that the New York Times's framing of the 1994 Rwanda genocide is coloured by enduring nineteenth-century Eurocentric ideologies whereby Rwandan genocide is represented as yet another African tragedy signifying darkness and hopelessness.

Stockley's drug interactions: a source book of interactions, their mechanisms, clinical importance and management

Now in its tenth edition, Stockley's Drug Interactions is still the most indispensible and authoritative international source of drug interaction information. Based upon the many thousands of published clinical papers and reports, it provides a series of detailed, yet concise, monographs designed for quick and easy reference. Each monograph contains a summary, clinical evidence for the interaction under discussion, its probable mechanism, clinical importance, and management. Features: 1. Covers interactions between therapeutic drugs, proprietary medicines, some commonly used herbal medicines, foods, drinks, pesticides, and drugs of abuse. 2. Provides a comprehensive and fully-referenced discussion of the available clinical evidence for interactions, an assessment of their clinical importance, and gives clear practical guidance on how to manage the interaction, all in detailed yet concise monographs. 3. Content is clinically relevant, evaluated, and evidence-based, and provides the depth of critical information that is often missing from more general reference works. 4. Based on published sources and fully referenced. 5. Global coverage - inclusion of drugs used worldwide. 6 Part of a family of drug interactions resources including a quick reference pocket book, Stockley's Drug Interactions Pocket Companion, a specialist herbal interactions text, Stockley's Herbal Medicines Interactions, and Stockley's Drug Interactions Alerts, which contains data suitable for integration into dispensing and prescribing systems. New in this edition. The tenth edition has been comprehensively updated in-line with published literature and contains information on many new drugs, including amifampridine, dapoxetine, febuxostat, fingolimod, HCV- protease inhibitors (boceprevir and telaprevir), omalizumab, and tapentadol. Some highlights include: * Content has been updated to include new advice regarding the concurrent use of oral contraceptives and antibacterials; * Table of P-glycoprotein inhibitors has been revised and updated; * Tables of cytochrome P450 inducers and inhibitors have been revised and updated; * Table of drugs that prolong the QT-interval has been revised and updated.

The Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza outbreak in Australia: The impact on Emergency Departments

The Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza outbreak in Australia: The impact on Emergency Departments

Reliable words Third person pronouns in Indonesian News Reports

This article examines uses of Indonesian third person singular pronouns ia and dia in news reports. It takes as its departure point the general account of the pronouns which specifies that ia can occur only in subject position, while dia can occur in subject or object position. The article shows that, although both pronouns can occur in subject position, they differ distributionally and functionally. Ia occurs almost three times as frequently as dia and predominates in subject position, while dia occurs mostly in non-subject position. Ia is primarily used to convey the notion that the referent is a reliable and authoritative source of information and to focus on the referent as an agent or protagonist who is initiating or performing some action or a series of actions. By contrast, dia tends to be selected for contexts in which the referent is presented as a speaker who is elaborating on what has been said previously rather than introducing a new point. The predominance of ia in news report accords with its characterization as a pronoun strongly associated with formal registers.

Changes in Functional Residual Capacity During Weaning From Mechanical Ventilation

Survey of Anesthesiology is an authoritative source of information on advances in the science and practice of anesthesiology as reported throughout the world literature. Every bimonthly issue contains 50 or more condensed articles selected by the journal’s distinguished Editorial Board from more than 100 international periodicals. Each condensed article carries a critique by a reviewing editor to provide an expert perspective on the material presented.

Comparison of Single-Use and Reusable Metal Laryngoscope Blades for Orotracheal Intubation During Rapid Sequence Induction of Anesthesia

Survey of Anesthesiology is an authoritative source of information on advances in the science and practice of anesthesiology as reported throughout the world literature. Every bimonthly issue contains 50 or more condensed articles selected by the journal’s distinguished Editorial Board from more than 100 international periodicals. Each condensed article carries a critique by a reviewing editor to provide an expert perspective on the material presented.

Civic Science and Salmon Recovery Planning in Puget Sound

Today, science and scientists as experts no longer hold sway as unquestioned authoritative sources of objective information in many policy debates. This has led to growing frustration on the part of government officials and scientists over their inability to have science exert as meaningful a role as they think appropriate in the consideration and selection of policy alternatives. Given this development, what can be done to restore or otherwise ensure that the appropriate science and scientists are integrated into the policy process so that they matter to policy outcomes? There is general agreement that traditional top-down, one-way (from scientists to others), linear models for conceptualizing the role of science and scientists in the policy process are not capable of capturing the changed political, social, and “scientific” realities of the contemporary policymaking context. Many have gravitated to the concept of civic science/scientists as a new and improved model. Yet, despite clear progress in reconceptualizing the role of science in the policy process, there are gaps in the literature when it comes to actual applications of civic science. As McNie correctly notes: “it is essential that we develop a more robust understanding of experience and practical experiments regarding how relationships [and institutions] are constructed and managed across the science-society boundary” (p. 29). This research develops lessons for civic science in the policy process by exploring an innovative collaborative governance effort by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries and the Shared Strategy for Salmon Recovery in Puget Sound (Washington). The integration of science into the salmon recovery process in this case relied on a series of actions that the Technical Recovery Team (TRT) took to bridge the traditionally separate science and policy spheres in order to increase the certainty of science impact, specific steps taken to establish and maintain the TRTs role as an authoritative, credible source of science, and the embrace of a results-oriented, adaptive learning approach.

Unilateral Anesthesia Does Not Affect the Incidence of Urinary Retention After Low-Dose Spinal Anesthesia for Knee Surgery

Survey of Anesthesiology is an authoritative source of information on advances in the science and practice of anesthesiology as reported throughout the world literature. Every bimonthly issue contains 50 or more condensed articles selected by the journal’s distinguished Editorial Board from more than 100 international periodicals. Each condensed article carries a critique by a reviewing editor to provide an expert perspective on the material presented.

GOCDB, a topology repository for a worldwide grid infrastructure

All grid projects have to deal with topology and operational information like resource distribution, contact lists and downtime declarations. Storing, maintaining and publishing this information properly is one of the key elements to successful grid operations. The solution adopted by EGEE and WLCG projects is a central repository that hosts this information and makes it available to users and client tools. This repository, known as GOCDB, is used through EGEE and WLCG as an authoritative primary source of information for operations, monitoring, accounting and reporting. After giving a short history of GOCDB, the paper describes the current architecture of the tool and gives an overview of its well established development workflows and release procedures. It also presents different collaboration use cases with other EGEE operations tools and deals with the High Availability mechanism put in place to address failover and replication issues. It describes ongoing work on providing web services interfaces and gives examples of integration with other grid projects, such as the NGS in the UK. The paper finally presents our vision of GOCDB's future and associated plans to base its architecture on a pseudo object database model, allowing for its distribution across the 11 EGEE regions. This will be one of the most challenging works to achieve during the third phase of EGEE in order to prepare for a sustainable European Grid Infrastructure.

Nicole Martin: Art as an Early Intervention Tool for Children with Autism

Early Intervention Tool for Children with Autism by Nicole Martin is just the right book for busy parents, a practical reference for psychologists, teachers, occupational therapists, sensory integration therapists and anyone working with a child on the autism spectrum. It will be of particular interest to all those professionals working with autistic children and specialists in other communication disorders. Art therapy is a psychological discipline that specializes in using visual art making and the creative process to help clients bring about therapeutic change. There are resources for children with autism in myriad forms, and art therapy could be the right fit for the child with autism and ‘‘art can provide a way to express what is more complicated’’. Nicole Martin, a qualified art therapist herself writes from a professional and personal perspective. Setting up a work space, basic art materials required and ideas and suggestions for managing challenging behaviour are presented clearly in the book. Martin provides a comprehensive overview of the techniques of art therapy presented in a precise, interesting format for easy reading. The experience of the author in using art as a therapeutic tool adds to the authenticity of the work thus making it a reliable, authoritative, and appropriate source of information. Art therapists focus on several areas: increasing communication skills, developing a sense of self, relationship building, and facilitating sensory integration. This classic book answers questions about using art as a therapeutic tool for children with autism. Early childhood is the most critical period of learning for children. Therapeutic art can be a useful tool to delve into a child’s imaginations and enable them to express their thoughts and feelings. Martin offers practical advice on helping a child move past scribbling, organizing a child’s environment for maximum comfort and relaxation, and providing physical and sensory support. Martin describes observable differences of the autism-related style of art making and highlights the ‘unique beauty and style’ of the art made by people with autism. Artwork characteristics across the autism spectrum are clearly illuminated, identifying the subtle differences between the art of typically developing individuals and that of children with autism. Art therapy provides a supportive environment that encourages the child’s interests and works on the deficit areas. Art is both visual and appealing, making it an excellent mechanism to initiate learning. Throughout the book, Martin emphasizes how art therapy works as an integral part of overall management and treatment approaches to autism. The author presents a range of case studies of art therapy with individual autistic children to bring to light the use of practical interventions and their outcome. Martin also suggests that art therapy provides an avenue for nonverbal expression and enables the children increase their communication and social skills. As the book progresses, one can find the tempo of the book shifting from art as being purely recreational to being therapeutic as well. The simple examples, a detailed list of art projects, apt case studies, spiced with illustrations and ultimately a comprehensive list of resources at the end of the book add to the wholesome nature of the book. Her narrative is clear and lucid. The author presents word-pictures of scenes and pictures of art drawn by children themselves, by giving specific details that appeal to the five senses. S. Christopher (&) Department of Rehabilitation Science, Holy Cross College, Tiruchirappalli 620 002, India e-mail: sheila627@gmail.com

The New Circulation Research

“Wisdom is to know that we don’t know.” — —Socrates, 469–399 BC “The first thing we must do when seeking knowledge is to reject the presumptuousness of knowing, for it is not possible to learn that which we claim to know.” — —Epictetus, 55–135 “Doubt is the beginning of knowledge.” — —Rene Descartes, 1596–1650 “All that we know is infinitely less than all that still remains unknown.” — —William Harvey, 1578–1657 In retrospect, it was inevitable. Originally conceived along the lines of the standard inaugural message of a new editorial team (ie, a brief, general statement that is traditionally published at the time of the editorial transition), this article has gradually grown in scope and depth, morphing into what has become a veritable manifesto—a comprehensive account of my vision for Circulation Research . This metamorphosis was the result of my reflections on some basic questions: What is the purpose of an inaugural editorial? Do readers prefer to be given just a glimpse of what is coming or do they want to know the whole story—the entire array of new initiatives and policies that are transforming the journal? Is there an inherent advantage in incompleteness and/or superficiality? The answer to these questions was obvious to me. The changes that are taking place at Circulation Research are too numerous, too profound, and too important to be compressed into a few paragraphs, nor did I see any point in describing them in a manner that would be haphazard, ambiguous, and/or incomplete (for example, omitting most of them just to be brief). And so, what was originally supposed to be a two-page Editorial has ballooned into a manuscript longer than a Regular Article. I ask the readers not to ascribe this unusual length to an inadequate effort on my part to be succinct. While …

A strategy for real time improvement (RTI) in communication during the H1N1 emergency response

To develop and implement a strategy that would enable the Emergency Operations Centre (EOC) to assess the effectiveness of communication strategies and guide real time improvements within the life cycle of the emergency. An anonymous internet-based questionnaire featuring multiple choice and open text questions was administered to stakeholders of the EOC of a regional tertiary hospital. The outcomes were perceptions of sufficiency and relative usefulness of various sources of information on Pandemic (H1N1) 2009, including differences between local, state-wide and authoritative worldwide information sources. A total of 328 responses were received over two rounds of questionnaires. Email communication from the Health Incident Controller (HIC) was the most useful source of information (74% found it very useful, compared with authoritative international websites at 21% (Centers of Disease Control) and 29% (World Health Organization)). A total of 94% felt this strategy contributed to improvements. Free text responses also helped the EOC and HIC to tailor communication methods, style, content and tone during the response. Real time improvement is a useful strategy for implementing change to practice during the life cycle of the current emergency and has broader applicability than Pandemic (H1N1) 2009. Local stakeholders demand local content for their information feed and messages from a trusted local leader are the most superior forms of communication.

Internet Use in Israeli Universities: a case study

This paper presents the results of a survey conducted in 2005—2006 regarding the extent of use of digital resources by students and researchers in five universities in Israel and the ratio of use between authorized electronic information resources provided by academic libraries, and the Surface Web. About 80 percent of respondents reported a high or very high frequency of use of the Surface Web for seeking information for their study or research. In contrast, only about 28 percent of the respondents reported high or very high use of academic e-journals, 40 percent high or very high use of digital databases, and only about 13 percent high or very high use of e-books. A situation in which academics use the Surface Web two or three times more frequently than more authoritative digital information sources provided by their library indicates a severe problem related to the quality of information used, which may severely harm the quality and credibility of research based upon it. The survey findings are worrying since much Surface Web information is not reliable or authoritative. The current research does not indicate what causes students and researchers to depend so heavily on Surface Web information for their research, but it is reasonable to assume that it derives mainly from the ease and convenience of using Internet search engines.

What you should know about the 2008 American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th) on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy

The American College of Chest Physicians published their first consensus conference guidelines on antithrombotic therapy in 1986 and has updated these guidelines approximately every 3 years as a supplement to the journal Chest. These guidelines are widely accepted as an authoritative source of information and considered by many to be the textbook for antithrombotic therapy. The most recent guidelines are from the 8th consensus conference, published in 2008, and this article will highlight new recommendations that have evolved since the 2004 Chest supplement. Examples from the literature that support the evolution these guidelines will focus on changes that are most germane to the majority of attendees at the 10th National Conference on Anticoagulant Therapy and members of the AC Forum. The objective of this article is to help answer ten common clinical questions frequently faced by anticoagulation management services.

Constructive Use of Authoritative Sources in Science Meaning‐making

Researchers are skeptical about the role of authoritative sources of information in a constructivist learning environment for fear of usurping students’ critical thinking. Taking a social semiotics perspective in this study, authoritative sources are regarded as inscriptions of cultural artifacts, and science learning involves meaning‐making of these cultural artifacts. In studying the meaning‐making process of a group of students doing problem‐based learning (PBL), our findings show that authoritative sources played an important role in deepening and expanding students’ scientific knowledge. We also found that constructive use of authoritative sources involves interpretation of meaning in context. This structural coupling of authoritative sources and context for meaningful sense‐making has to be taken into consideration in the design of learning environment.

The effect of new cancer drug approvals on the life expectancy of American cancer patients, 1978–2004

This study attempts to determine the extent to which new cancer drugs introduced during the last 40 years have prolonged the lives of Americans diagnosed with cancer. We use a difference-in-differences approach: we analyze the correlation across cancer sites (breast, prostate, lung, etc.) between changes in the hazard rate of people previously diagnosed with that cancer and changes in the number of drugs that have been introduced to treat that cancer, controlling for variables likely to reflect changes in diagnostic techniques: cancer stage distribution, age at diagnosis, number of people diagnosed (incidence), and use of surgery and radiation. The rate of introduction of new cancer drugs varied considerably across cancer sites and over time. Data on cancer-site-specific drug introductions are constructed using the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Thesaurus and the Drugs@FDA database. Data on all other variables were obtained from the NCI's surveillance, epidemiology, and end results 9 Registries Database, an authoritative source of information on cancer incidence and survival in the USA. We find that the effect of the lagged stock of drugs on the hazard rate of cancer patients is negative and highly significant. This signifies that cancer sites with larger increases in the lagged stock of approved drugs had larger reductions in the hazard rate, ceteris paribus. The impact of the stock of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approvals on the hazard rate tends to increase steadily for a number of years, peak about 8–12 years after launch, and then decline. This finding is consistent with evidence about the product life cycle of cancer drugs: utilization tends to increase steadily after FDA approval, peak about 6–10 years after launch, and then decline. The cancer stage, the age at diagnosis, and incidence variables have the expected effects on the hazard rate. New cancer drugs introduced during the period 1968–1994 are estimated to have increased the life expectancy of cancer patients by almost 1 year (0.94 years). Although the health of cancer patients is less than perfect, the increase in quality-adjusted life-years is not necessarily less than the increase in life expectancy. Since the lifetime risk of being diagnosed with cancer is about 40%, the 1978–2004 increase in the lagged stock of cancer drugs is estimated to have increased the life expectancy of the entire US population by 0.38 years. This represents about 8.8% of the overall increase in US life expectancy at birth. Estimated cost per life-year gained does not exceed $6908, which is far below recent estimates of the value of a statistical life-year.