Authoritarian Parenting Attitudes Research Articles

Parenting attitudes, career adaptability, and bicultural acceptance perceived by multicultural youth

AbstractThis study explores whether the development of career adjustment and biculturalism among multicultural adolescents in Korean society changes over a three‐year longitudinal period. To this end, a latent growth model (LGM) was adopted to examine the development of career adjustment and biculturalism among such adolescents. This study determines how the parenting attitudes in multicultural families affect the career adjustment and bicultural acceptance of multicultural children in a society with high educational expectations. This study tracks how permissive and authoritarian parents' attitudes change over time in terms of their relationship with their multicultural children, the networks of education and social stability that they establish for multicultural youths, and how they improve parental awareness of their children. For this purpose, taking into account the characteristics of the variables identified in the panel data, parenting attitudes are divided into two types: uninvolved and authoritarian. This study used the data from 2014 to 2016 of the Multicultural Adolescents Panel Study included indicators for bicultural acceptance, career adaptability, and parental nurturing attitudes. The results are as follows: First, this study found that authoritarian parenting attitudes and bicultural acceptance attitudes have positive outcomes, and permissive parenting attitudes, bicultural acceptance attitudes, and career adaptability showed no relationship. Second, career adaptability and bicultural acceptance had a positive (+) effect on career adaptability based on parenting attitudes and a negative (−) one on bicultural acceptance. In addition, authoritarian parental attitudes had a negative (−) impact on career adaptability. Third, authoritarian parental attitudes demonstrated significance for bicultural acceptance, and the rate of change in bicultural acceptance was negative (−) over time.

Cyber bullying and victims among adolescents depending on perceived parental attitudes

Being a cyberbully and being a cyber victim is a common problem that negatively affects the lives and psychological well-being of children and young people. This situation arises with the increase in internet usage. Being a cyber bully and being a cyber victim negatively affects the psychosocial development of children and adolescents. Family environment, parental behavioral attitudes and various factors play an important role in adolescents' involvement in cyber aggression and cyber victimization. Aim: This study aimed to examine the relationships between perceived parental attitudes (democratic, authoritarian, protective and permissive) and cyber bullying (cyber aggression-victimization) in adolescents. These relationships were investigated by taking into account demographic variables such as gender, age, grade level, and own internet usage time. Materials and Methods: The sample of the research consists of 125 high school students between the ages of 14-18 studying at a private high school in Istanbul. Data were collected from students in the classroom using the survey method. As a data collection tool in the research; Personal Information Form, Parental Attitudes Scale and Cyberbullying Scale were used. IBM SPSS Statistic Base 25.0 was used to analyze the data collected in the study. The following analyses, respectively; descriptive, reliability, normality and Pearson Correlation were performed. Conclusion: According to the findings of the research, it was determined that there was a positive and moderate relationship between the characteristics of parents having a permissive attitude (r: 0.365 p: 0.000) and having an authoritarian attitude and the students' exposure to cyber bullying (r: 0.334 p: 0.000). However, it was determined that there was a negative and moderate relationship (r: -0.552 p: 0.000) between parents' democratic attitudes and students' exposure to cyberbullying. Results: According to the results of the research, students' exposure to cyberbullying behavior will increase when they are faced with authoritarian and permissive parental attitudes, and the exposure to cyberbullying behavior will decrease in children of parents whose internet usage time is controlled and who have democratic attitudes.

Investigation of The Effectiveness of Positive Psychotherapy Based 0-6 Age Family Education Program

In this study, the effect of the 0-6 Age Family Education Program based on Positive Psychotherapy, which was developed for parents with children between the ages of 0-6, on knowledge and awareness levels, parent competencies, parental stress and parental attitudes was examined. 
 The sample of the study consisted of 34 parents with children between the ages of 0-6 who participated from various provinces of Turkey. Data collection was carried out in the spring semester of the 2020-2021 academic year. Positive Psychotherapy Based 0-6 Age Family Education Program consisting of 4 sessions was applied online to the participants. Before the training, the Parental Competence Scale, The Mother-Father Stress Scale, the Parental Attitude Scale, the Personal Information Form created by the researcher to collect the demographic information of the participants, and the Program Evaluation Questionnaire created by the researcher to determine the knowledge and awareness levels of the participants has been applied. After the training, in addition to the forms and scales applied before the training, the End of Program Evaluation Form created by the researcher was applied in order to get the subjective opinions of the participants about the training and the research data were obtained.
 In data analysis studies, t test for the analysis of quantitative data, frequency and percentage analysis, content analysis for qualitative data were used.
 As a result of all these analyzes, it was determined that the Positive Psychotherapy Based 0-6 Age Family Education Program applied to the participants positively increased the knowledge and awareness levels and parental competencies of the participants, and reduced parental stress, authoritarian and protective parental attitudes. It was observed that there was no significant difference on democratic and permissive parental attitudes.

The Effects of Coronavirus Phobia and Enxiety States on Parents' Attitudes Towards Their Preschool Children

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of coronavirus phobia and anxiety states of the parents with 2–6-year-old children on their attitudes towards their children
 Methods: It was carried out the descriptive cross-sectional study. The study sample was composed of 275 parents of 2–6-year-old children in Turkey in winter 2021. During the data collection period, a ‘Descriptive Information Form, COVID-19 Phobia Scale, Beck Anxiety Scale, and Parental Attitude Scale’ were generated on Google forms, and the link was sent to the parents through social media. 
 Results: The parents' mean score from the Beck Anxiety Scale was 33.40±9.97 and their mean score from COVID-19 Phobia Scale was 53.22±15.28. According to the Parental Attitude Scale, mean democratic attitude score of the parents was 73.73±6.09 and mean protective attitude score was determined as 30.55±5.98. A positive correlation was found between Beck Anxiety Scale and COVID-19 Phobia Scale (r= .461; p= .000).
 Conclusion: Severe anxiety symptoms and a moderate level of coronavirus fear were detected among the parents in the study. Moreover, anxiety and coronavirus phobia were positively correlated with authoritarian and protective parental attitudes. To support and follow children and parents by the nurses in physiological and psychological aspects through innovative approaches is very important

EXAMINATION OF THE RELATIONS BETWEEN INTERNET ADDICTION AND PARENT ATTITUDES IN ADOLESCENTS IN TERMS OF SOME VARIABLES

This study aims to examine the relationships between internet addiction and parental attitudes of students in adolescence in terms of some variables. The universe of the research consists of students (9th, 10th, 11th and 12th grades) studying at a public school in Karşıyaka district of İzmir province. A total of 386 students participated in the study. The data of the study were obtained by using the "Parent Attitude Scale", "Internet Addiction Scale" and "Personal Information Form". The obtained data were analyzed using the SPSS program. Considering the findings of the study, a significant relationship was found between parental attitudes and internet addiction. Statistically significant relationships were found between internet use, having a romantic relationship, parental attitudes and internet addiction in adolescents before and during school. A positive and low-level significant relationship was found between the protective, democratic and authoritarian parental attitudes perceived by the adolescents and the level of dependency.

İletişim bozukluğu tanılı çocuklarda duygusal davranışsal sorunlar, ebeveyn tutum özellikleri, ebeveyn stres düzeyi ve ilişkili faktörlerin sağlıklı kontrollerle karşılaştırılması

Purpose: We aimed to compare emotional and behavioral problems, parental attitude characteristics, and the risk of parental anxiety and depression between children diagnosed with a communication disorder and healthy controls.
 Materials and Methods: A total of 117 children diagnosed with a communication disorder in the psychiatric evaluation according to the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria and their parents were included in the communication disorder group, whereas 105 children who presented to the outpatient clinics other than child psychiatry and were not diagnosed with a communication disorder, and their parents formed the control group. Sociodemographic Data Form, Child Adjustment and Parent Efficacy Scale (CAPES-TR), The Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire-Short Form (PSDQSF), and Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) were filled in by the parents.
 Results: Psychiatric comorbidity was found in 27.3% of the children in the communication disorder group, with the most common diagnoses being Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (n=17, 15.5%) and Conduct disorder (n=4, 3.6%). CAPES-TR child adjustment total difficulty score and the mean scores of emotional problems and behavioral problems were higher in the communication disorder group. The mean CAPES-TR parental self-efficacy score was lower in the communication disorder group. In the communication disorder group, democratic parenting attitudes were lower , whereas authoritarian and permissive parenting attitudes were higher. HAD-D mean score was higher in the communication disorder group. 
 Conclusion: Our study provides essential information such as an increase in emotional and behavioral problems, more authoritarian or permissive parenting attitudes, a decrease in parental self-efficacy, an increased risk of depression in parents in the presence of communication disorder, and studies that deal with these areas together are limited in the literature. Our findings will contribute to the literature regarding the assessment and planning of appropriate intervention programs for factors that are not only child-focused but also related to parental mental health and parenting skills in the presence of communication disorders.

The Effect of Breastfeeding Duration and Parental Attitudes on Academic Success

This study aims to reveal the relationship between the academic success of the students and the duration of breastfeeding, parental attitude, and other variables.
 This cross-sectional study was conducted among 9th-grade high school students in 2019. A total of 501 students and their families participated in the research.
 Academic success in order of importance in multivariable linear regression analysis, the increase in the education level of the father, the preparation for the exam, the increase in the protective and democratic parental attitude, the shortening of the first walking age, and the increase in the maternal age increase the high school exam score. Breastfeeding duration and authoritarian parental attitudes were not found to be statistically significant.
 The protective and democratic attitude of the parents, the high level of father education, and early walking positively affect academic success, while the breastfeeding duration is insignificant.

Culture and Social Change in Mothers' and Fathers' Individualism, Collectivism and Parenting Attitudes.

Cultures and families are not static over time but evolve in response to social transformations, such as changing gender roles, urbanization, globalization, and technology uptake. Historically, individualism and collectivism have been widely used heuristics guiding cross-cultural comparisons, yet these orientations may evolve over time, and individuals within cultures and cultures themselves can have both individualist and collectivist orientations. Historical shifts in parents' attitudes also have occurred within families in several cultures. As a way of understanding mothers' and fathers' individualism, collectivism, and parenting attitudes at this point in history, we examined parents in nine countries that varied widely in country-level individualism rankings. Data included mothers' and fathers' reports (N = 1338 families) at three time points in China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the United States. More variance was accounted for by within-culture than between-culture factors for parents' individualism, collectivism, progressive parenting attitudes, and authoritarian parenting attitudes, which were predicted by a range of sociodemographic factors that were largely similar for mothers and fathers and across cultural groups. Social changes from the 20th to the 21st century may have contributed to some of the similarities between mothers and fathers and across the nine countries.

Parental Attitudes and Socio-demographic Factors as Predictors of Smartphone Addiction in University Students

The aim of the study is to examine predictive effect of parental attitudes and socio-demographic variables (age, gender, time spent on smartphone, number of siblings, students’ feeling social, and parental education level) in university students’ addiction to smartphones. Participants included 670 university students whose age ranged between 18-30 years (M=21.6, SD=6.3). Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS) and Parental Attitude Scale (PAS) and Socio-Demographic Information Form were used to collect data. The results showed that age, gender, parental education level, time spent on smartphone, number of siblings, and state of feeling social and parental attitudes predicted a significant amount of variance (11%) in smartphone addiction. The students’ perception of feeling social and parental attitudes functioned as a moderator on their smartphone addiction. It was revealed that the perception to be social softened the relation between authoritarian parental attitude and smartphone addiction. Furthermore, students experienced less smartphone addiction when their perception of feeling social and democratic parental attitudes were taken together. A negative and significant relation was found between democratic and authoritarian parental attitudes and smartphone addiction. A positive and significant relation was established between protective parental attitude and smartphone addiction.

Acculturation Strategies and Parenting Attitudes Among Belgian Turkish Immigrants

The aim of this study is to investigate the acculturation strategies and parenting attitudes of Turkish immigrants living in Belgium. Sociodemographic characteristics of the participants such as gender, age, and socio-economic status were also examined in this study. For the purpose of the study, a questionnaire consisting of demographic information form, Parent Attitude Scale and Acculturation Scale was administered to a total of 81 Turkish parents consisting of 56 women and 25 men living in Belgium. The data obtained from the questionnaire were used in validity and reliability analyses and correlational analyses. According to the findings, both scales were found to be valid and reliable measurement tools for Belgian Turkish immigrants. It was found that the integration acculturation strategy had a positive relationship with democratic parenting attitude and a negative relationship with authoritarian attitude, and assimilation acculturation strategy had a negative relationship with authoritarian and protective parenting attitudes. Additionally, it was seen that parenting attitudes showed differences across generations. The findings obtained in the study show that the acculturation strategies of Turks living in Europe show differences and these strategies are related to their parenting attitudes. The observation of intergenerational differences in parenting attitudes also confirms that immigrants' educational, economic and social-cultural characteristics are related to their child-rearing behavior.

Association between Perceived Parenting Style and Adolescents' Attitudes toward Suicide.

ObjectivesAdolescent suicide, a major cause of adolescent death, is affected by various factors, including attitudes toward suicide. This study investigated the association between parenting style and adolescents’ attitudes toward suicide and the mediating role of attitude toward suicide between parenting style and suicidal ideation.MethodsWe surveyed 1,071 adolescents from eight middle schools in Incheon, Korea. The survey included sociodemographic information, attitudes toward suicide, perception of parenting style, depression severity, and suicidality.ResultsStudents in the authoritarian parenting group had a more permissive attitude toward suicide compared with the democratic and permissive parenting groups. These students considered that suicide is justified in certain situations and that choosing suicide is an individual’s right. They also had a negative attitude toward talking about suicide or intervening in others’ suicide. This association remained statistically significant after adjusting for the impact of confounding factors that could affect attitudes toward suicide, except for suicidal processes and preparedness to prevent suicide. In the mediation analysis, we observed that some factors of the attitudes toward suicide mediated between authoritarian parenting attitudes and suicidal ideation, namely, suicide as a right, preventability, suicide as normal/common, preparedness to prevent suicide, and resignation.ConclusionThis study revealed the significant impact of parenting style on children’s attitudes toward suicide. Educating parents about the appropriate parenting attitudes–sympathetic and rational–can help prevent youth suicide.

ERGENLERDE SOSYAL GÖRÜNÜŞ KAYGISI, EBEVEYN VE AKRANA BAĞLANMANIN DEPRESYONU YORDAMADAKİ KATKISI1

Bu çalışmanın amacı, sosyal görünüş kaygısı, ebeveyn ve akrana bağlanmanın ergenlerde depresyonu yordamadaki katkılarını incelemektir. Araştırmanın örneklemi, 2018-2019 eğitim öğretim yılında, Alanya’da 9., 10., 11. ve 12. sınıfta öğrenimlerine devam eden toplam 512 lise öğrencisinden oluşmuştur. Verilerin toplanmasında Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Beck Depresyon Ölçeği, Sosyal Görünüş Kaygısı Ölçeği, Ebeveyn ve Arkadaşlara Bağlanma Envanteri Kısa Formu kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde çoklu regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Depresyon ile sosyal görünüş kaygısı, anneye bağlanma, babaya bağlanma ve arkadaşa bağlanma arasında anlamlı düzeyde ilişkilerin olduğu, adı geçen değişkenlerin birlikte depresyona ilişkin varyansın yaklaşık % 32’sini açıkladığı görülmüştür. Depresyonu yordamaya katkı sırası; sosyal görünüş kaygısı, babaya bağlanma, anneye bağlanma ve arkadaşa bağlanma şeklindedir. Bunun yanında depresyon ile cinsiyet, gelir durumu ve algılanan anne baba tutumu arasında anlamlı ilişki olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuçlara bakıldığında, kızların erkeklere göre; asgari ücret altı geliri olanların asgari ücretle 4000 TL arası geliri olanlara göre; otoriter, tutarsız veya ilgisiz anne baba tutumu olduğunu algılayanların demokratik anne baba tutumu olduğunu algılayanlara göre depresyon düzeylerinin daha yüksek olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Sınıf düzeyine göre ise depresyon düzeylerinde anlamlı bir fark görülmemiştir.

Parent attitudes and other comorbid behavioral problems in masturbating children

Purpose: This study aims to examine the relationship of the pre-school childhood masturbation with the parental attitude as well as the relation of the same with the comorbidity and related stammering, tic disorders, nail biting, nocturnal enuresis (NE) and encopresis. Materials and Methods: In this study, parents of 105 preschool children (between the ages of 3 - 6) were interviewed. 50 out the 105 interviewed parents’ children had have been with childhood masturbation (CM) and they are receiving professional consultancy or support services and these parents constitute the case group of this study. The control group was formed with the parents of 55 children. Research data were obtained by of the Personal Information Form filled by the parents, Parental Attitude Scale (PAS) and Comorbid Problems Determination Form prepared by the researcher. Results: Authoritarion parental attitude is discovered to be statistically higher than the case group with CM compared to the control group without such disorder. It has been detected that nail biting, NE and encopresis comorbidity is significantly higher in the case group with CM compared to the control group. Conclusion: There was a direct relationship between authoritarian parental attitudes and the CM that emerged in pre-school childhood. Along with CM the rate of frequency of nail biting, NE and encopresis are higher than the control group.

Investigation of the Relationship between Parental Attitudes and Children's Receptive and Expressive Language Skills

The purpose of the current study is to determine the relationship between parental attitudes and children's receptive and expressive language skills. In the current study investigating the relationship between parental attitudes and children's expressive and receptive language skills, the relational survey model; one of the survey models, was employed. The universe of the study is comprised of 5-6 years old children attending pre-school education institutions in the city of Kars and their parents. The sampling of the study consists of 165 children selected by means of the convenience sampling method and their parents. According to the findings of the current study, there is no significant relationship between the children's gender and their language development. There is a significant relationship between the children's perceptive and expressive language skills and their age and the number of siblings. There is no significant relationship between parents' attitudes and both the gender of the child and the gender of parents. Yet, the relationship between the number of children and parents' attitudes is significant. A significant relationship was found between democratic and authoritarian parental attitudes and children's language development.

Futbol Altyapı Sporcularında Algılanan Ebeveyn Tutumları ile Başarı Motivasyonu Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

In this research, the relationship between success motivations of young football players and parental attitudes they perceived are examined. The infrastructure athletes of three major sports clubs in the province of Istanbul have been identified as the sample for examining the relationship between success motivations of football players and parental attitudes they perceive. The Parent Attitude Scale and Sports- Specific Achievement Motivation Scale were applied to 303 young football players for his research. Theresults of the research are very valuable and significant results. There is a positive and moderate correlation between Parents’ Attitude and Sport Motivation (0,412). Parents’ Attitudes are in a positive but low-severity relationship with the sub-dimensions of the Sports-Specific Achievement Motivation. Sports-specific achievement motivation is not in a statistically significant relationship with the democratic attitude while it is in a positive relationship with the sub-dimensions of the protective-requester attitude and authoritarian attitude. According to the results of the research, the attitudes of the parents were effective on the sport motivation of the child. While protective and authoritarian parental attitudes negatively affect the child’s sport motivation, democratic parental attitudes positively affect the child. Childrens who grow up in a democratic environment do not escape inefficacy. At that time, for the raising healthy and advenced individuals parents should raise should raise their children in a structure that gives children the right to speak, gives importance to the choices, needs and expectations of the child and gives responsibility to the child.

Parenting Attitudes and Public Support for Political Authoritarianism in Latin America

AbstractDespite nearly three decades of democratic rule throughout the Latin American region, public support for authoritarian norms has persisted. These “pockets of authoritarianism” can bolster support for policies and practices that weaken democratic governance, such as allowing authorities to abuse power. We examine why some Latin Americans endorse nondemocratic governance options by testing the predictive power of a psychological measure of authoritarianism, operationalized as support for particular child-rearing practices. We find that this psychological variable explains support for several nondemocratic governance options in the region: presidential limits on the opposition, iron-fist policies, torture of suspected criminals, and a military coup. Authoritarian parenting attitudes are also correlated with perceptions that political minorities threaten the country and lower support for democracy.

Examining University Students’ Self-Compassion and Compassionate Love Levels in Terms of Perceived Parental Attitudes

The aim of this research is to investigate the relationship between parental attitudes perceived by the students, self-compassion and compassionate love levels, and differences occur in parental attitudes, self-compassion and compassionate love levels according to various variables. The research was conducted with 326 university students studying in different departments of Sakarya University Faculty of Education. Parental Attitude Scale (PAS), Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), the Compassionate Love Scale (CLS) and Information Collection Form were applied in the study. The research data were analyzed by correlation, T-test and One Way (ANOVA). The results of the research revealed that the self-compassion level of the students who perceived the parents' attitudes as democratic was high, whereas the self-compassion level of the students who perceived the parental attitudes as authoritarian and protective-demanding was low. It was also found out that the students who perceived their parents' attitudes as authoritarian and protective-demanding had high compassionate love levels. The present study demonstrated the authoritarian and protective-demanding parental attitudes perceived by university students differed according to sex, the democratic parental attitude differed in terms of the number of siblings, and the compassionate love differed in terms of gender. It was revealed that there was a negative relationship between self-compassion and compassionate love.

Belirsizliğe Tahammülsüzlük ile Psikolojik İyi Oluş Arasındaki İlişki

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and psychological well-being, and to examine the differences between these two variables in terms of gender, perceived income status, and perceived parental attitudes. Study group was composed of 426 undergraduates from various departments of Marmara, Sakarya, Anadolu, Yıldız Teknik and Sütçü İmam Universities. The data were gathered via Short Form of Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale, Psychological Well-Being Scale short form, and Personal Information Form. The data were analyzed by Pearson Product Moments Correlation, ANOVA, and t test. The results revealed that students with higher levels of intolerance of uncertainty had lower levels of psychological well-being, intolerance of uncertainty levels didn’t differ in terms of gender, and however psychological well-being levels of female students were significantly higher than those of males. Students who grown up with protective parental attitude had higher levels of intolerance of uncertainty than democratic parental attitude. In terms of psychological well-being, students who raised authoritarian parental attitudes had higher scores than protective parental attitude. Though intolerance of uncertainty levels didn’t differ in terms of perceived income levels of students, students with higher perceived income levels had higher scores of psychological well-being.

Exposure to Community Violence Among Low-Income African American Youth in Chicago: A Latent Class Analysis.

African American youth are exposed to some of the highest rates of exposure to community violence. However, few studies have explored factors related to exposures and various subtypes of exposures to community violence (i.e., no exposure, witnessing only and being a witness/victim). Among a matched sample of 129 African American youth and their caregivers, no exposure to community violence was correlated with being heterosexual versus being a lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) person, having parents who owned their homes versus rented, and having higher authoritarian parenting attitudes. In addition, being a witness/victim of community violence was correlated with any youth substance use, lower levels of school bonding, having less future orientation, less parental home ownership, and an adverse family history. Practice and programmatic considerations are discussed based on these findings.

Do Authoritarians Vote for Authoritarians? Evidence from Latin America

During the 2016 presidential election campaign in the United States, scholars have argued that authoritarian visions of the family are associated with support for Donald Trump, a candidate also noted to exhibit authoritarian or illiberal tendencies. Though it is plausible that “authoritarian” citizens (defined by parenting attitudes) vote for “authoritarian” candidates (defined by disrespect for democratic institutions), past research provides relatively little guide regarding this relationship. One reason is that few U.S. candidates announce overtly authoritarian views. Latin America, by contrast, has had many such candidates. We take advantage of this variation using the 2012 AmericasBarometer, which applied a battery of authoritarian parenting attitudes. We first describe mass authoritarianism across Latin America, showing it is associated with many social attitudes. We then examine authoritarians’ voting behavior, distinguishing between support for “mano dura” (“strong arm”) candidates, who are usually rightists, and for candidates threatening violations of general civil liberties, who are often leftists in Latin America. We find that authoritarians tend to vote for right-wing authoritarian candidates, while authoritarianism boosts support for candidates threatening civil liberty violations only among citizens identifying on the ideological right. Education is the most consistent determinant reducing support for both leftist and rightist authoritarian candidates.