Authentication In Wireless Sensor Networks Research Articles

Enhancing cryptographic protection, authentication, and authorization in cellular networks: a comprehensive research study

This research article provides an extensive analysis of novel methods of cryptographic protection as well as advancements in authentication and authorization techniques within cellular networks. The aim is to explore recent literature and identify effective authentication and authorization methods, including high-speed data encryption. The significance of this study lies in the growing need for enhanced data security in scientific research. Therefore, the focus is on identifying suitable authentication and authorization schemes, including blockchain-based approaches for distributed mobile cloud computing. The research methodology includes observation, comparison, and abstraction, allowing for a comprehensive examination of advanced encryption schemes and algorithms. Topics covered in this article include multi-factor authentication, continuous authentication, identity-based cryptography for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, secure blockchain-based authentication for fog computing, internet of things (IoT) device mutual authentication, authentication for wireless sensor networks based on blockchain, new secure authentication schemes for standard wireless telecommunications networks, and the security aspects of 4G and 5G cellular networks. Additionally, in the paper a differentiated authentication mechanism for heterogeneous 6G networks blockchain-based is discussed. The findings presented in this article hold practical value for organizations involved in scientific research and information security, particularly in encryption and protection of sensitive data.

Energy Efficient Three-Factor Authentication in Wireless Sensor Networks With Resisting Insider Attacks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) play an important role in many fields such as industry, medical treatment, and national defense. Due to the limited node resources, there has always been an intractable contradiction between WSNs security and energy consumption. This contradiction needs urgent attention, especially with the increasing capability of attackers. User authentication is a key technology to ensure the security of WSNs. Unfortunately, recent insider attacks have shown vulnerabilities in the registration and authentication processes of traditional protocols. This paper analyzes the common types of insider attacks and focuses on explaining the logic of the offline guess attack launched by insiders. In order to uphold the concept of green communication, this paper proposes a new energy efficient protocol based on the widely used three-factor authentication. For the first time, the protocol combines lightweight data hiding technology to protect against offline guess and insider attacks. Experiments and analyses show that the proposed scheme not only solves the insider attack problem, but also reduces the energy consumption compared with the current typical schemes.

A two-factor security authentication scheme for wireless sensor networks in IoT environments

As an important part of the Internet of Things, wireless sensor networks have been widely used in all aspects of people's lives. Identity authentication in wireless sensor networks guarantees security for users to safely access real-time data in sensor nodes. In the literature, numerous research works have been done on designing an efficient and secure authentication scheme for wireless sensor networks, but most of them suffer from various security flaws. In 2019, Sharif et al. proposed an efficient user authentication scheme, which was later found insecure by Chen et al. who then proposed an enhanced scheme. However, we find that Chen et al.’s scheme is vulnerable to off-line password guessing attack, impersonation attack and fails to achieve perfect forward secrecy, user anonymity, and unlinkability. To overcome those weaknesses, we propose a two-factor authentication scheme based on elliptic curve cryptosystem, and prove its security by formal verification tool ProVerif. Compared with related schemes, our scheme provides higher level of security, meanwhile achieves acceptable efficiency in computational cost. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first scheme fulfilling both two-factor security and user anonymity under sensor node captured attack.

Data Authentication for Wireless Sensor Networks with High Detection Efficiency Based on Reversible Watermarking

Data authentication is an important part of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Aiming at the problems of high false positive rate and poor robustness in group verification of existing reversible watermarking schemes in WSNs, this paper proposes a scheme using reversible watermarking technology to achieve data integrity authentication with high detection efficiency (DAHDE). The core of DAHDE is dynamic grouping and double verification algorithm. Under the condition of satisfying the requirement of the group length, the synchronization point is used for dynamic grouping, and the double verification ensures that the grouping will not be confused. According to the closely related characteristics of adjacent data in WSNs, a new data item prediction method is designed based on the prediction-error expansion formula, and a flag check bit is added to the data with embedded watermarking during data transmission to ensure the stability of grouping, by which the fake synchronization point can be accurately identified. Moreover, the embedded data can be recovered accurately through the reversible algorithm of digital watermarking. Analysis and experimental results show that compared with the previously known schemes, the proposed scheme can avoid false positive rate, reduce computation cost, and own stronger grouping robustness.

ESS‐IBAA: Efficient, short, and secure ID‐based authentication algorithm for wireless sensor network

SummaryDesigning an efficient, short, and secure authentication algorithm for resource‐constrained sensor nodes of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is a challenging task. Authentication in WSNs is mainly performed by the digital signature algorithm. In this paper, we propose an efficient, short, and secure pairing computation‐free ID‐based authentication algorithm (signature scheme) ESS‐IBAA for WSNs which completely follows the rule of identity‐based cryptosystem. Identity‐based schemes, unlike traditional public‐key infrastructure (PKI)‐based schemes, remove the need for public‐key certificates for public‐key validation. It also removes extra costs associated with the public‐key certificate and traffic management. Further, due to the requirement of low power and fast authentication, bilinear pairing computation‐free identity‐based signature schemes are applicable in WSNs. Keeping this in mind, ESS‐IBAA scheme is proposed, which is pairing computation free and uses a general cryptographic hash function in the place of a costly map‐to‐point hash function. The proposed scheme ESS‐IBAA is secure against existential forgery on adaptive chosen message and ID attack in the random oracle model under the hardness of the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem (ECDLP). Moreover, comparative performance analysis shows that the proposed scheme ESS‐IBAA is much more efficient in both communication cost and computation cost from the existing related schemes.

An Efficient Authentication Scheme Using Blockchain Technology for Wireless Sensor Networks

The wireless sensor networks are very vulnerable environments for network attacks, so that they require appropriate security measures must be implemented. The blockchain technology is an effective way of protecting data handled and possessed by the wireless sensor networks. Many of the existing approaches are following conventional security approaches. But such traditional approaches are very prone to failures of the nodes more often. In this paper, a novel efficient approach for authentication in wireless sensor networks that uses blockchain technology for security. The nodes of the wireless sensor networks are from IoT network and they are being formulated by the base station, cluster heads and normal sensor nodes. The building of a blockchain network will shape a hierarchical blockchain model, including small chain and global chain, among various network nodes. Nodes in this hybrid model in different communication situations, identity secure connection is realized, normal node identification user authentication is in the blockchain network, local block chain technology and selected cluster node identification verification is done. Analyzation of the protection and results demonstrate that there is robust protection and higher results in the system. The experimental results are showing that the computational capability of over 300 bytes per phase has been achieved using the proposed approach.

A Secure and Lightweight Protocol for Message Authentication in Wireless Sensor Networks

Securing messages and protecting them from tampering during transmission in wireless sensor networks is a challenging task. Using message authentication schemes provides security and authentication, but with a high computational and communication cost. Sensors are highly constrained in terms of computational capabilities and power consumption. Therefore, computation is divided into two phases: online (at the sensor) and offline (at a more powerful central node). Moreover, public keys are generated based on the identities to reduce communication overhead. In this article, we propose a message authentication scheme based on identity that uses online/offline signature. We prove that the scheme provides and protects the integrity of messages during the transmission of data over an insecure network. Our scheme is existential unforgeable against chosen message attack.

A Review of Protocols Design in Secure and Efficient Authentication in Wireless Sensor Networks

Majority of the applications demand confidentiality and integrity of the shared information using Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Key management schemes are one of the core concepts that ensure the security of WSNs. Prior key management schemes failed to provide required security arrangements in WSNs. Authentication is the core parameters that assess the capability of the deployed sensor nodes in the communication fields. In this paper, we review the existing authentication protocols by stating its merits and demerits. It is observed that the need for a secure and efficient authentication protocol is still in demand, owing to the real issues like identity overheads, information retrieval and location mining. This paper will assist the upcoming researchers to have an insight into the significance of lightweight authentication protocols in WSNs.

Enhanced Security through Multi-Tier User Authentication in Wireless Sensor Networks

Paper Setup must be in A4 size with Margin: Top 0.7”, For Smart Home Appliance Devices (SHAD), a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) utilized for monitoring the condition and controls of SHAD to supervise lighting, warming, security, and investigation. A user confirmation method is required that enables authenticated clients to access SHAD managements for securing SHAD. Providing authentication is a challenging task despite the limited properties of sensor nodes. This proposed Multi-Tier User Authentication Scheme (MTUS) a proficient and security upgraded secret validation with a key acceptance method by utilizing biometrics data as the confirmation factor. Thus, the proposed MTUS method achieves a high-security level by time consumptions, which have 0.454 m sec of improvement of user verification. MTUS comprises of tasks and less time consumptions by existing method of Denial-of-Service(DoS)-Resistant User Authentication (DRUA) systems. Thus, the proposed MTUS method is with Denial-of-Service(DoS)-Resistant User Authentication (DRUA) existing systems. The MTUS proposal increases the demonstration of the system by reducing SHAD traffic, guarding against DRUA assaults, and increasing the battery lifetime. Subsequently, the usefulness and execution of the whole system are improved.

A Primitive Proposal of an Algorithm for IP and Mac Based Data Aggregation and message authentication in Wireless Sensor Networks

In wireless sensor networks(WSN) ,authentication of messages is the highly important function in preventing threats from un wanted , un authorized and corrupt messages from being sent. There are various message verification and authentication methods have been proposed as well as developed based on cryptography technology such as symmetric key cryptographic systems or public-key cryptographic systems. Also there are many different techniques available based on polynomial-based schemes, elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) and so on. All the above said methods have its own merits and demerits. In this research work a new method of authenticating the message by its IP and MAC address (together encrypting) and analysing the encrypted message to find the authenticity of the message and the node which has sent the message at collecting node will be carried out.

A Primitive Proposal of an Algorithm for IP and Mac Based Data Aggregation and message authentication in Wireless Sensor Networks

In wireless sensor networks(WSN) ,authentication of messages is the highly important function in preventing threats from un wanted , un authorized and corrupt messages from being sent. There are various message verification and authentication methods have been proposed as well as developed based on cryptography technology such as symmetric key cryptographic systems or public-key cryptographic systems. Also there are many different techniques available based on polynomial-based schemes, elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) and so on. All the above said methods have its own merits and demerits. In this research work a new method of authenticating the message by its IP and MAC address (together encrypting) and analysing the encrypted message to find the authenticity of the message and the node which has sent the message at collecting node will be carried out.

Light-Weighted Password-Based Multi-Group Authenticated Key Agreement for Wireless Sensor Networks

Security is a critical issue for medical and health care systems. Password-based group-authenticated key agreement for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) allows a group of sensor nodes to negotiate a common session key by using password authentication and to establish a secure channel by this session key. Many group key agreement protocols use the public key infrastructure, modular exponential computations on an elliptic curve to provide high security, and thus increase sensor nodes’ overhead and require extra equipment for storing long-term secret keys. This work develops a novel group key agreement protocol using password authentication for WSNs, which is based on extended chaotic maps and does not require time-consuming modular exponential computations or scalar multiplications on an elliptic curve. Additionally, the proposed protocol is suitable for multiple independent groups and ensures that the real identities of group members cannot be revealed. The proposed protocol is not only more secure than related group key agreement protocols but also more efficient.

Lightweight and DoS Resistant Multiuser Authentication in Wireless Sensor Networks for Smart Grid Environments

Using a smart grid, which increases efficiency and makes it easier to monitor critical equipment in a power grid. Online real-time applications equipped with a wireless sensor network (WSN) sense and collect data in order to provide information on power generation, transmission, distribution, and customer. Applications, the administrator, and (mobile) consumers can access the WSN directly. The communications between them must be protected from adversaries to avoid false data injection, which could cause damage either to the applications, the equipment, or the sensor nodes. Another threat comes from the characteristics of the sensor nodes, which makes them vulnerable to denial of services (DoS) attacks, i.e., flooding with false messages. In this paper, a multiuser dynamic cipher puzzle (M-DCP) equipped with TinySet is proposed. This new method provides guaranteed confidentiality in the multiuser WSN authentication and lightweight DoS resistance. The M-DCP using RC5 encryption combined with the elliptic curve digital signature algorithm (ECDSA) and partial recovery can increase brute force complexity to about 1.861 × 10 137 iterations. Furthermore, the regularization of TinySet is done to simplify the administrator's task in defining the initialization parameters. The experiment showed that the regularized TinySet required less storage space with a 64-bit index than with a 32-bit index or with Counting Bloom Filter. In addition, the average query and verification time of the proposed scheme increased only by under a second or 36% compared to Counting Bloom Filter-based authentication. This is still appropriate for implementation in the WSNs.

Dynamic Cipher Puzzle for Efficient Broadcast Authentication in Wireless Sensor Networks.

The use of signature-based broadcast authentication for code and data dissemination in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) cannot be avoided. It increases security but requires high computation. Adversaries can exploit the latter condition as an opportunity to send many false signatures. Filtering methods can overcome this vulnerability. Cipher Puzzle is a filtering method that has low storage overhead along with high security, especially against denial of service (DoS) attacks. However, its number of hash iterations cannot be bounded, which causes sender-side delay. This paper proposes a Dynamic Cipher Puzzle (DCP), which uses a threshold function to limit the number of hash iterations. Hence, time at the sender-side can be used more efficiently. Besides, its dynamic puzzle-strength increases the obscurity of the transmitted packet. Simulation and experimental results were analyzed with Arduino 2560. The theoretical results show that the quadratic function outperformed the compared methods. The scheme decreased sender-side delay by 94.6% with a guarantee of zero solution probability in 1.728 . The experimental results show that the consumption of resources at the sensor node increases with an acceptable value. Moreover, DCP increases the complexity for the attacker to implement probability and signature-based DoS attacks.

Authentication in Wireless Sensor Networks

Authentication in Wireless Sensor Networks

An efficient ECC-based provably secure three-factor user authentication and key agreement protocol for wireless healthcare sensor networks

We first show the security limitations of a recent user authentication scheme proposed for wireless healthcare sensor networks. We then present a provably secure three-factor user authentication and key agreement protocol for wireless healthcare sensor networks. The proposed scheme supports functionality features, such as dynamic sensor node addition, password as well as biometrics update, smart card revocation along with other usual features required for user authentication in wireless sensor networks. Our scheme is shown to be secure through the rigorous formal security analysis under the Real-Or-Random (ROR) model and broadly-accepted Burrows-Abadi-Needham (BAN) logic. Furthermore, the simulation through the widely-known Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications (AVISPA) tool shows that our scheme is also secure. High security, and low communication and computation costs make our scheme more suitable for practical application in healthcare applications as compared to other related existing schemes.

Secure data aggregation using access control and authentication for wireless sensor networks

The existing secure data aggregation approaches for wireless sensor networks were not designed for authorization, energy efficiency and proper security, leaving them prone to attacks. In this paper, we introduce the secure data aggregation using the access control and authentication (SDAACA) protocol. Using this protocol, we aim to detect sinkhole and Sybil attacks that are difficult to detect by existing cryptographic approaches. The proposed SDAACA protocol consists of two novel algorithms: the secure data fragmentation (SDF) and the node joining authorization (NJA). The SDF algorithm hides the data from the adversary by fragmenting it into small pieces. In the NJA algorithm, an authorization process is initiated before allowing any new node to join the network. Both algorithms help improve the Quality of Service (QoS) parameters. Moreover, we propose an access control scheme that supports accuracy, energy efficiency, freshness and authentication by reducing the communication overhead and guaranteeing the communication authenticity process. Furthermore, the proposed protocol is mapped on the oil-refinery plant to prevent and detect both sinkhole and Sybil attacks in the presence of static and mobile sensor nodes. Finally, we show the effectiveness of our proposed protocol through extensive simulations and a comparative study of other known secure data aggregation protocols.

GSR: Geographic Secured Routing using SHA-3 algorithm for node and message authentication in wireless sensor networks

Secured Two Phase geographic Greedy Forwarding (SecuTPGF) is a greedy geographic forwarding protocol. It is used for transmitting multimedia data streams in wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs). For a secure and reliable multimedia transmission, cryptography and user defined message authentication code (MAC) mechanisms are used in SecuTPGF. SecuTPGF uses two different algorithms for node and message authentication that incur high computation overhead. To address this issue, this paper proposes a modified version of SecuTPGF called Geographic Secured Routing (GSR). Unlike SecuTPGF, GSR provides security using both node and message authentication with low computation power. Further, GSR uses the standard SHA-3 algorithm for authentication rather than user-defined authentication methods. The effectiveness of the GSR algorithm is confirmed via security analysis and simulation evaluation.

Fuzzy Based Secure Intrusion Detection System for Authentication in Wireless Sensor Networks

Fuzzy Based Secure Intrusion Detection System for Authentication in Wireless Sensor Networks

Improving Biometric-Based Authentication Schemes with Smart Card Revocation/Reissue for Wireless Sensor Networks.

User authentication in wireless sensor networks is more difficult than in traditional networks owing to sensor network characteristics such as unreliable communication, limited resources, and unattended operation. For these reasons, various authentication schemes have been proposed to provide secure and efficient communication. In 2016, Park et al. proposed a secure biometric-based authentication scheme with smart card revocation/reissue for wireless sensor networks. However, we found that their scheme was still insecure against impersonation attack, and had a problem in the smart card revocation/reissue phase. In this paper, we show how an adversary can impersonate a legitimate user or sensor node, illegal smart card revocation/reissue and prove that Park et al.’s scheme fails to provide revocation/reissue. In addition, we propose an enhanced scheme that provides efficiency, as well as anonymity and security. Finally, we provide security and performance analysis between previous schemes and the proposed scheme, and provide formal analysis based on the random oracle model. The results prove that the proposed scheme can solve the weaknesses of impersonation attack and other security flaws in the security analysis section. Furthermore, performance analysis shows that the computational cost is lower than the previous scheme.