Authentic Mechanisms Research Articles

Initial Efforts to Manage IPE during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Reports from the Big Ten Academic Alliance

Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic required higher education institutions to quickly transition to a virtual platform. This was challenging for those involved in interprofessional education (IPE), given the goal that students from two or more professions learn about, from, and with one another. The Big Ten IPE Alliance is a subgroup of the larger Big Ten Academic Alliance. The purpose of this paper is to share the collective experiences of multiple large, research intensive universities in addressing the challenge of implementing IPE programs under the conditions established by the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: To better understand how the Big Ten schools dealt with the transition to virtual learning for didactic and clinical IPE given the COVID-19 pandemic, a subset of representatives from the Big Ten IPE Alliance met to discuss best practices for virtual learning in the IPE realm. Each participating university completed an electronic 14 question survey related to their IPE curriculum during the COVID-19 pandemic from March 2020 thru August 2020 and the responses were analyzed. Results: Four categories were identified as needing to be addressed to develop and implement successful interprofessional didactic and clinical experiences. The categories identified included content/assessment, virtual technologies, faculty and facilitators, and learners. Conclusions/Recommendations: Consider including authentic and innovative mechanisms to deliver IPE experiences that meet the learning needs and accreditation requirements. Interinstitutional collaborations such as within the Big Ten IPE Alliance can be beneficial in assessing current and future best practices in IPE.

Political rights and freedoms: Problems of content certainty

The concept of “political rights” of a person and a citizen, widely used today, is in fact far from certain, both in terms of the specific rights that it is generally customary to include in its content and in terms of the specific powers that would constitute the content of these rights. In this regard, this article analyses political rights themselves, which the author finds necessary to distinguish from human rights in the socio-political sphere. The latter include freedom of assembly, the right to petition, freedom of speech, the right to unite, etc. Considerable attention is paid to the substantive characteristics of political rights: thus, the author concludes that “participation in state affairs” although it is named as a right in the Constitution of the Russian Federation, cannot claim the role of real and current subjective public law. Transformations of classical political rights ensuring the participation of citizens in power in modern political and legal discourse are analyzed. The problematic aspects of the concept of national representation and constituent power are considered. The author concludes that even with the most adequate and authentic mechanisms for the exercise of the right to popular representation, such power never belongs fully to the people. The article justifies that the natural political right is the right to revolt (“the right to resistance”, “the right to revolution”). The natural political right of the people “to revolt” acquires the characteristic of precisely “right”, and not a bare political opportunity only if there are institutions of legitimization and subsequent legalization. As a result, the right at the present stage would be better described as the right to a legitimate rule of law.

ITRAQ-based proteomic analysis reveals possible target-related proteins in human adrenocortical adenomas

BackgroundAdrenocortical adenomas (ACAs) can lead to the autonomous secretion of aldosterone responsible for primary aldosteronism (PA), which is the most common form of secondary arterial hypertension. However, the authentic fundamental mechanisms underlying ACAs remain unclear.ObjectiveIsobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based proteomics and bioinformatics analyses from etiological studies of ACAs were performed to screen the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and investigate the relevant mechanisms of their occurrence and development. Results could help determine therapeutic targets of clinical significance.MethodsIn the present study, iTRAQ-based proteomics was applied to analyze ACA tissue samples from normal adrenal cortex tissues adjacent to the tumor. Using proteins extracted from a panel of four pairs of ACA samples, we identified some upregulated proteins and other downregulated proteins in all four pairs of ACA samples compared with adjacent normal tissue. Subsequently, we predicted protein–protein interaction networks of three DEPs to determine the authentic functional factors in ACA.ResultsA total of 753 DEPs were identified, including 347 upregulated and 406 downregulated proteins. The expression of three upregulated proteins (E2F3, KRT6A, and ALDH1A2) was validated by Western blot in 24 ACA samples. Our data suggested that some DEPs might be important hallmarks during the development of ACA.ConclusionsThis study is the first proteomic research to investigate alterations in protein levels and affected pathways in ACA using the iTRAQ technique. Thus, this study not only provides a comprehensive dataset on overall protein changes but also sheds light on its potential molecular mechanism in human ACAs.

The Effects of Leader Emotional Regulation Strategy on Follower Job Satisfaction and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Mediating Effects of Follower Perceived Authentic Leadership

본 연구의 목적은 리더의 감정규제전략이 부하직원의 직무 만족과 조직시민행동에 미치는 영향에 있어서 부하직원이 인식한 진정성 리더십의 매개효과를 검증하는 데 있다. 지금까지 감정규제에 관한 연구들은 서비스업에서의 직원과 고객 사이의 상호관계에 집중해왔으며, 리더의 감정규제가 부하직원에게 미치는 영향에 관한 연구는 부족하였다. 또한, 리더의 감정규제전략을 다룬 대부분의 연구는 개념적 연구들로써 리더의 감정규제전략과 부하 직원의 인식, 태도, 행동과의 관계에 대한 명확한 설명이 부족하였고, 소수의 실증연구 에서도 리더의 감정규제전략이 부하직원에게 쉽게 경험되어지며, 부하직원의 태도와 행동에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 가정하였다. 이러한 문제점을 바탕으로 본 연구에서는 리더의 감정규제전략과 부하직원이 인식한 진정성 리더십의 관계를 자기결정 이론과 귀인이론을 통해 설명하였으며, 리더의 감정규제전략이 부하직원의 직무 만족과 조직시민행동에 미치는 영향에 있어서 부하직원이 인식한 리더의 진정성 리더십 매개 효과를 EASI model을 통해 설명하였다. 연구모형의 실증 결과, 리더의 표면 행위는 부하직원이 인식한 진정성 리더십에 부정적인 영향을 미치고, 리더의 내면 행위는 부하직원이 인식한 진정성 리더십에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 리더의 표면 행위와 내면 행위 모두 부하직원의 직무 만족과 조직시민행동에 미치는 영향은 직접적인 관계가 없으며 부하직원이 인식한 진정성 리더십을 통해서만 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 조직의 리더들 역시 부하직원과의 관계에서 감정규제전략을 활용한다는 것을 확인하였으며, 이러한 리더의 감정규제전략이 부하직원이 인식한 진정성 리더십에 미치는 영향에 대한 이론적 논거를 제시하였다. 그리고 리더의 감정규제전략과 부하직원의 직무 만족과 조직시민행동 간의 메커니즘으로 부하직원이 인식한 진정성 리더십이 중요한 역할을 한다는 것을 밝혔다.The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of leader emotional regulation strategy on follower job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) through the mediating effects of follower perceived authentic leadership. While prior emotional regulation studies highly focused on service works, i.e. worker-customer relationship, they have rarely examined the leadership role, i.e. leader-follower relationship. In addition, most prior studies regarding leader emotional regulation strategy have been conceptual studies, while very few empirical studies have predicted direct effects of leader emotional regulation strategy for follower attitudes and behaviors. Therefore, this study aims to discuss the relationship between leader emotional regulation strategy and follower perceived authentic leadership through self-determination theory and attribution theory. We additionally discuss the mediating effects of authentic leadership between leader emotional regulation strategy and follower job satisfaction/OCB through the EASI model. The empirical results were as follows: first, leader surface acting is negatively related to follower perceived authentic leadership, while leader deep acting positively related to follower perceived authentic leadership; second, follower perceived authentic leadership is positively associated with follower job satisfaction/OCB; and third, follower perceived authentic leadership has demonstrated full mediation effects on the relationship between leader emotional regulation strategy and follower job satisfaction/OCB. This study presents theoretical arguments on the effects of leader emotional regulation strategy on follower perceived authentic leadership and mechanisms of follower perceived authentic leadership between leader emotional regulation strategy and follower job satisfaction/OCB.

Social anxiety modulates visual exploration in real life - but not in the laboratory.

In clinical reports, individuals high on social anxiety are often described to avoid gaze at other people, whereas several experimental studies employing images of persons yielded conflicting results. Here, we show that gaze avoidance crucially depends on the possibility of social interactions. We examined gaze behaviour in individuals with varying degrees of social anxiety in real‐life and in a second group of participants using a closely matched laboratory condition. In the real‐life situation, individuals with a higher degree of social anxiety had a reduced bias to look at near persons compared to individuals with a lower degree of social anxiety, while gaze behaviour in the laboratory group was not modulated by social anxiety. This effect was specific to social attention since there was no corresponding effect regarding fixations on objects. The presence of anxiety effects in real‐life but not in the laboratory condition, where participants do not expect to be evaluated by gazed‐at conspecifics, points to critical deficits of current laboratory research paradigms in eliciting authentic social attentional mechanisms, possibly leading to spurious results.

Problem-Based Learning and Authentic Assessment as an Implementation of Outcomes-Based Education in the Computer Engineering Program of Ateneo de Davao University

The 21st century education challenges educators to expose students to a wide variety of circumstances and problem situations where they are required to apply the skills they have learned. In engineering education, these are mostly limited to simulated scenarios which are devoid of real and actual interactions with the problems in the community. This article aims to describe how problem-based learning pedagogy and authentic assessment are used in the Computer Engineering program of Ateneo de Davao University as an implementation of the outcomes-based education. This is a descriptive & qualitative research that utilizes focus group discussions as a methodology for achieving its objective. This study uses the frame of experiential learning that is problem-driven, community-based, multi-disciplinary, integrative & collaborative. The computer engineering program uses a multi-disciplinary and integrative approach to problem-based learning through the service-learning program of the institution. This provides the students with an opportunity to interact with a community, identify its problems, analyze and create a concrete solution applying their acquired skills. Since the students are engaged with the community's actual and real problems, they will be assessed using authentic assessment mechanisms. Experiential learning, problem-based pedagogy with authentic assessment open doors of opportunities for a more meaningful and relevant computer engineering program.

TRUSTED CLOUD COMPUTING FRAMEWORK FOR HEALTHCARE SECTOR

Cloud computing is rapidly evolving due to its effi cient characteristics such as cost-effectiveness, availability and elasticity. Healthcare organizatio ns and consumers lose control when they outsource t heir sensitive data and computing resources to a third p arty Cloud Service Provider (CSP), which may raise security and privacy concerns related to data loss and misuse appealing threats. Lack of consumers’ knowledge about their data storage location may lea d to violating rules and regulations of Health Insu rance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) that can cost them huge penalty. Fear of data breach by int ernal or external hackers may decrease consumers’ trust i n adopting cloud computing and benefiting from its promising features. We designed a HealthcareTrusted Cloud Computing (HTCC) framework that maintains security, privacy and considers HIPAA regulations. HTCC framework deploys Trusted Computing Group (TCG) technologies such as Trusted Platform Module (TPM), Trusted Software Stack (TSS), virtual Trusted Platform Module (vTPM), Trusted Network Connect (TNC) and Self Encrypting Drives (SEDs). We emphasize on using strong multi-factor authentic ation access control mechanisms and strict security controls, as well as encryption for data at storage , in-transit and while process. We contributed in customizing a cloud Service Level Agreement (SLA) by considering healthcare requirements. HTCC was evaluated by comparing with previous researchers’ work and conducting survey from experts. Results wer e satisfactory and showed acceptance of the framework. We aim that our proposed framework will assist in optimizing trust on cloud computing to be adopted i n healthcare sector.

The Intensification of Rankings Logic in an Increasingly Marketised Higher Education Environment

Rankings and online comparison sites have both facilitated and shaped the marketisation of higher education in England, the UK as a whole and elsewhere. They have facilitated marketisation by introducing greater competition between and within higher education institutions. Ultimately, they accomplish the transformation of qualities into quantities, which is both required by, and a consequence of, the commodification and privatisation of higher education. Rankings have also helped to embed the logic of the market within organisational structures and processes and within the minds and practices of organisational members. In some ways, in a highly regulated UK higher education market, rankings became a substitute for more authentic market mechanisms. However, these processes have intensified with the transfer (in England) of the majority of the cost of study to students and the emergence of more sophisticated websites presenting detailed statistics that enable prospective students to compare courses and institutions on indicators such as modes of student assessment and employment outcomes. This article seeks to understand how different types of university and college are responding to this intensification of rankings logic amidst the further marketisation of higher education in the UK. It employs the concepts of internalisation and institutionalisation to analyse how these responses evolve and vary between institutions at different places in the rankings, but eschews a completely Foucauldian interpretation which, in the author's view, cannot fully explain the responses within institutions (and over time) to ‘data‐driven technologies’.

The role of professional objects in technology-enhanced learning environments in higher education

We study project-based, technology-enhanced learning environments in higher education, which should produce, by means of specific mechanisms, learning outcomes in terms of transferable knowledge and learning-, thinking-, collaboration- and regulation-skills. Our focus is on the role of objects from professional practice serving as boundary objects and the authentic mechanisms they are to activate. We identify three sets of features of boundary objects: (1) facilitation of the interaction between actors enacting various roles; (2) handling in diverse physical and digital spaces; and (3) usage across certain timeframes. Data from an in-depth case study show that these features help to activate authentic mechanisms, namely, using expert performances, enacting multiple roles and perspectives, collaboratively constructing knowledge, reflecting and articulating. The identification of boundary objects and the way they trigger authentic mechanisms for learning, provide concrete guidance for the design of project-based, technology-enhanced learning environments in higher education.

Mechanistic Control of Carcinoembryonic Antigen-related Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (CEACAM1) Splice Isoforms by the Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonuclear Proteins hnRNP L, hnRNP A1, and hnRNP M

Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule-1 (CEACAM1) is expressed in a variety of cell types and is implicated in carcinogenesis. Alternative splicing of CEACAM1 pre-mRNA generates two cytoplasmic domain splice variants characterized by the inclusion (L-isoform) or exclusion (S-isoform) of exon 7. Here we show that the alternative splicing of CEACAM1 pre-mRNA is regulated by novel cis elements residing in exon 7. We report the presence of three exon regulatory elements that lead to the inclusion or exclusion of exon 7 CEACAM1 mRNA in ZR75 breast cancer cells. Heterologous splicing reporter assays demonstrated that the maintenance of authentic alternative splicing mechanisms were independent of the CEACAM1 intron sequence context. We show that forced expression of these exon regulatory elements could alter CEACAM1 splicing in HEK-293 cells. Using RNA affinity chromatography, three members of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein family (hnRNP L, hnRNP A1, and hnRNP M) were identified. RNA immunoprecipitation of hnRNP L and hnRNP A1 revealed a binding motif located central and 3' to exon 7, respectively. Depletion of hnRNP A1 or L by RNAi in HEK-293 cells promoted exon 7 inclusion, whereas overexpression led to exclusion of the variable exon. By contrast, overexpression of hnRNP M showed exon 7 inclusion and production of CEACAM1-L mRNA. Finally, stress-induced cytoplasmic accumulation of hnRNP A1 in MDA-MB-468 cells dynamically alters the CEACAM1-S:CEACAM1:L ratio in favor of the l-isoform. Thus, we have elucidated the molecular factors that control the mechanism of splice-site recognition in the alternative splicing regulation of CEACAM1.

Commentary: Advancing Mental Health Science and Practice Through Authentic Collaboration

As the article by Fantuzzo, McWayne, and Bulotsky (2003) indicates, it increasingly is recognized that research in the mental health field must include enhanced efforts to conduct work outside the laboratory and in collaboration with major stakeholders (e.g., Kazdin, 2000; Weisz, Huey, & Weersing, 1998). However, the full implications of bringing the rigor of the scientific method into the relatively unpredictable and uncontrollable circumstances found in the real world are only beginning to be appreciated. Current initiatives for creating productive collaborations and partnerships underscore how many land mines there are along the road-especially when the intent is to intervene with parties for purposes of research and/or practice. Thus, the article by Fantuzzo et al. (2003) does a service by providing a stimulus for discussion. And there are many points that warrant comment. However, these comments will focus mainly on what the authors refer to as partnerships. Let's Talk! Toward Partnerships or a Tactic for Overcoming Resistance? Any move to engage potential participants in a fully informed dialogue is wonderful. Indeed, from an ethical perspective, it is an essential component of a truly informed consent process (English, 1995; Taylor & Adelman, 1998) and can be a step in moving toward authentic partnerships. As Fantuzzo et al. (2003) note, however, it is hardly a sufficient step, and it can just as readily be used as a clever tactic designed mainly to overcome resistance and curtail reactance. Given that the intent is to develop an authentic collaboration, good practice calls for beginning with a well-conceived model for understanding what is involved and a frame-i work for how to get there from here. Implications of efforts in this respect are still in the early stages of development (Center for Mental Health in Schools, 1999). Nevertheless, by reflecting on the article by Fantuzzo et al. (2003) and drawing on our work in these arenas, we can highlight some fundamental matters. Authentic Collaboration Collaborations and partnerships involve more than simply working together and are more than a process to enhance cooperation and coordination. One hallmark of authentic collaboration and partnerships is a formal agreement among participants to establish mechanisms and processes to accomplish mutually desired results (usually outcomes that would be difficult to achieve by any of the participants alone). In pursuing desired results, authentic collaborations design mechanisms and processes that (a) enable shared power, authority, decision making, and accountability; (b) weave together a set of resources (including financial and social capital); and (c) establish well-defined working relationships that connect, mobilize, and use the resources in planful and mutually beneficial ways. Key principles. Discussions of principles related to intervention have become so diffuse that almost every guideline is called a principle. With respect to collaborative research and practice, especially with vulnerable and underrepresented populations, a principled approach certainly is needed. There is a considerable literature discussing the fundamental social philosophical concerns such interventions raise. Based on that literature, the principles that must be addressed first and foremost in developing the type of collaborations described in the article are those that reflect overlapping concerns about distributive justice (equity and fairness) and empowerment (Beauchamp, Feinberg, & Smith, 1996). Equity is the legal facet of distributive justice. It ensures and protects individual rights and addresses inequities related to access to goods in life and meeting needs. Fairness is the more social philosophical application that deals with such ethical questions as: Fair for whom? Fair according to whom? Fair using what criteria and what procedures for applying the criteria? …

ChemInform Abstract: Authentic versus Alternative Mechanisms in Spin Trapping. Formation of Azide Spin‐Adducts in Biphasic and Non‐aqueous Systems by the Oxidation of Azide Anion with a Variety of Hydrazyl Radicals.

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Authentic versus alternative mechanisms in spin trapping. Formation of azide spin-adducts in biphasic and non-aqueous systems by the oxidation of azide anion with a variety of hydrazyl radicals

The formation of azide spin-adducts of a number of spin-traps, including PBN, DMPO, DEPMPO and TBNB, in biphasic and organic media has been studied by EPR spectroscopy. A series of hydrazyl radicals has been employed to oxidise the azide anion to the corresponding short-lived azido radical, which is subsequently trapped. The approach has typically involved the presence of the ether 18-crown-6 in order to facilitate the transport of the azide anion from water into the organic media, with further experiments in non-aqueous systems. The results can largely be rationalised in terms of a “conventional” spin-trapping mechanism, with an efficiency that depends on the relevant redox potentials, which are themselves solvent dependent; however, conditions that favour direct oxidation of the trap have also been identified. It is also established that the azide spin-adducts of some nitrones can be transformed, under certain conditions, into secondary spin-adducts by nucleophilic substitution reaction of the first-formed nitroxides.