Australian Research Council Discovery Research Articles

S02.3 Respecting gender and sexual difference to promote sexual health: making schools safe spaces for all

Drawing on international evidence of best practice, and recent and ongoing research funded by the Australian Research Council (ARC) and the Young and Well Collaborative Research Centre (CRC), this presentation highlights how teachers and health professionals can most effectively engage with, and approach gender, sexuality, and sexuality education, to ensure that schools offer relevant and informative education, and safe and supportive environments for all pupils irrespective of gender and sexual identity. In this presentation it is argued that: (i) comprehensive sexuality education needs to start in early childhood and be built on in primary and secondary schooling; (ii) comprehensive sexuality education needs to be collaboratively informed by sexuality educators and health professionals; (iii) sexuality education programs in school need to be developed in partnership with parents and include parental education on best practices around talking with their children about sexual knowledge and relationships; and (iv) comprehensive sexuality education is critical to building young people’s sexuality literacy, respect for gender and sexuality difference, and awareness of sexual ethics, which are all central to children and young people’s health and well-being and the development of their sexual citizenship. A mixed-methods approach was employed across the major research informing this presentation. The ARC Discovery funded project included an exploration of primary school children’s understandings of respect, sexual knowledge and relationships and the origins of this information, as well as parents’ and educators’ perspectives and practices talking with children about sexuality education. Data were gathered through surveys, focus groups and individual interviews with parents and educators, and focus groups and interviews with children. The CRC funded project, Growing Up Queer, included a validated online survey of LGBTQI Young People, aged 16–27 years, completed by 1,032 participants nationally. Two focus groups were also conducted, one with LGBTIQ young people, and the other with staff from a support service for gender and sexuality diverse young people.

Time Reversal Imaging of the Tsunami Source

This research was supported by the Australian Research Council Discovery Project (DP110101983).

Olfactory ensheathing cells for spinal cord repair: crucial differences between subpopulations of the glia.

OECs for spinal cord repair: Is repairing the injured spinal cord by olfactory ensheathing cell (OEC) transplantation possible? A recent human trial in which a paralysed man regained some function after transplantation of partially purified OECs suggests that this therapy may be a successful approach (Tabakow et al., 2014). In another human trial in which olfactory mucosa lamina propria was transplanted, patients recovered some motor and sensory function (Wang et al., 2015). While these results show promise, it is clear that improvements are needed to provide patients with increased functional output. Strategies to improve the therapeutic use of OECs may include improving the purification of the OECs used for transplantation, using them in combination with growth factors to combat the inhibitory environment and improve axon growth, the use of nerve bridges, advanced physiotherapy and the use of exoskeleton robotics to reinforce functional connections. Of all these approaches, it is probably crucial that the purity of OECs is primarily addressed to ensure consistency in outcomes.

The Role of Late Sulfide Saturation in the Formation of a Cu- and Au-rich Magma: Insights from the Platinum Group Element Geochemistry of Niuatahi-Motutahi Lavas, Tonga Rear Arc

This research was supported by an Australian Research Council Discovery grant to Ian Campbell and a fund from the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries of Korea (PM57580). Three-month stipend for Jung-Woo Park was supported by Australian Research Council grant to Oliver Nebel in 2012.

Revisiting consensual hegemony: Brazilian regional leadership in question

Research for the paper was supported by Australian Research Council Discovery Early Career Research Award grant number DE120100401.

Bastard Immigrants: Asylum Seekers Who Arrive by Boat and the Illegitimate Fear of the Other

Bastard Immigrants: Asylum Seekers Who Arrive by Boat and the Illegitimate Fear of the Other

Volume and surface propellant heating in an electrothermal radio-frequency plasma micro-thruster

The temporal evolution of neutral gas temperature over the first 5 min of operation for an electrothermal radio-frequency micro-thruster with nitrogen (N2) propellant was measured using rovibrational band matching of the second positive N2 system. Three distinct periods of gas heating were identified with time constants of τ1 = 8 × 10−5 s, τ2 = 8 s, and τ3 = 100 s. The fast heating (τ1) is attributed to volumetric heating processes within the discharge driven by ion-neutral collisions. The slow heating (τ3) is from ion neutralization and vibrational de-excitation on the walls creating wall heating. The intermediate heating mechanism (τ2) is yet to be fully identified although some theories are suggested.

Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance of Olivine NaFePO4/Grahene Composite As Cathode Materials for Sodium Ion Batteries

Lithium ion batteries have been attracting widespread interests over recent decades to meet the urgent needs for applications in both fully electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles.1, 2 However, the lithium resources are unevenly distributed and limited,3 resulting the drastically increase of the cost for lithium ion batteries in the large-scale applications. Sodium ion batteries are considered as options for large scale energy storage due to the abundance of sodium and low cost. In terms of the cathode materials for the sodium ion batteries, phosphate compounds have been paid more attentions because of the high redox potential and good structural and thermal stability. The material with highest theoretical specific capacity (154 mA h g-1) is olivine NaFePO4 among the phosphate polyanion cathode materials. However, the thermodynamically stable structure of NaFePO4 is not olivine, but maricite. The maricite shows one-dimensional, edge-sharing FeO6 octahedra and no carionic channels, giving rise to a different connectivity of the Fe and Na octahedra compared to olivine LiFePO4 which blocks Na-ion migration pathways, resulting in a structure that is not amenable to Na+ (de)insertion.4, 5 There are two methods to obtain olivine NaFePO4, chemical delithiation and then electrochemical sodiation of olivine LiFePO4, and electrochemical delithiation and sodiation of olivine LiFePO4. In terms of the chemical delithiation, the oxidizing agents are NO2BF4 in acetonitrile, and bromine in dissolved in water, which are used to obtain the olivine FePO4. For the electrochemical sodiation, the Na insertion is realized by using FePO4 as the cathode and metallic Na foil as anode. Therefore, there are few paper reported on the olivine phase NaFePO4, due to the difficulty to get it directly by standard routes.Compared to the LiFePO4, the diffusion coefficient for Na-ion in NaFePO4 is 1-2 orders of magnitude lower than that of lithium-ion in LiFePO4, and the contact and charge transfer resistance in NaFePO4 is 10 times higher than that of in LiFePO4.6 To circumvent these problems, the strategy of using nanosized structures can be applied to reduce the diffusion distance of Na ions. Moreover, introducing a conductive coating layer, decorating the nanoparticles on certain substrate and embedding the nanostructures in a conductive matrix can be used to increase the electric conductivity and prevent the nanostructures from aggregation. Due to the excellent electric conductivity and mechanical properties, graphene is widely used in the synthesis of electrode materials to hinder the growth and aggregation of nanostructures, offer easy pathways for electrons, and provide a good conductive matrix for active materials.In this work, a composite cathode material for sodium ion battery applications, olivine NaFePO4/graphene, is prepared by chemical delithiation and then electrochemical sodiation of olivine LiFePO4 nanoparticles in situ grown on graphene sheet. The nanosized LiFePO4 particles were homogeneously distributed on the graphene to inhibit the restacking of the neighbouring graphene sheets. The NaFePO4/graphene composite obtained by chemical delithiation and electrochemical Na ions insertion exhibits improved cycling performance and rate capability, indicating the important role of graphene, which not only facilitates the formation of nanosized and uniformly distributed LiFePO4 precursor, but also increases the electrical conductivity of the composite material. The electrochemical performance of this NaFePO4/graphene was evaluated and showed promising results. Acknowledgements This work is supported by an Australian Research Council (ARC) Discovery project (DP1094261).

Brazil's International Development Co‐operation: Old and New Motivations

Brazil has entered the world of development assistance, but with its own twist. This article argues that Brazil is taking a cross‐government policy approach to the provision of development assistance, and which includes recruitment of business interests. There is a genuine concern with global poverty alleviation in Brazil, but this does not preclude policy‐makers from using aid and development‐related activities to advance national interests. The added quirk that sets Brazil apart from Northern counterparts is that the provision of development assistance offers significant benefits in terms of building up international bureaucratic experience inside the country and helping national firms internationalise their market activities.

Ghost hunting with lollies, chess and Lego: appreciating the ‘messy’ complexity (and costs) of doing difficult research in education

This paper contributes to conversations about the funding and quality of education research. The paper proceeds in two parts. Part I sets the context by presenting an historical analysis of funding allocations made to Education research through the ARC’s Discovery projects scheme between the years 2002 and 2014, and compares these trends to allocations made to another field within the Social, Behavioural and Economic Sciences assessment panel: Psychology and Cognitive Science. Part II highlights the consequences of underfunding education research by presenting evidence from an Australian Research Council Discovery project that is tracking the experiences of disaffected students who are referred to behaviour schools. The re-scoping decisions that became necessary and the incidental costs that accrue from complications that occur in the field are illustrated and discussed through vignettes of research with “ghosts” who don’t like school but who do like lollies, chess and Lego.

At the Centre

In the latest round of Australian Research Council Discovery Project funding, the Centre received a large research grant and postdoctoral fellowship to carry out research on ‘Implicit persuasion in pharmaceutical marketing: ethical implications for regulators and consumers’. Recent PhD graduate Dr Paul Biegler and A/Prof Justin Oakley are Chief Investigators on this project, along with Prof Jeanette Kennett (Macquarie University) and A/Prof Patrick Vargas (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign). The project aims to establish an ethically acceptable model for prescription pharmaceutical marketing, and to use this model to evaluate current persuasive techniques for advertising pharmaceuticals. The investigators also plan to undertake an empirical study to determine the implicit effects of a pharmaceutical television advertisement on subjects’ assessment of the risks and benefits of the advertised product. There will also be an investigation into whether Australia’s current regulatory instruments are adequate to limit potentially inappropriate pharmaceutical advertising that uses implicit persuasion, along with recommendations on how a possible review of direct-to-consumer advertising of pharmaceuticals ought to respond to the use of implicit techniques by marketers. The project received IN BRIEF

Correction to “Pc2 EMIC waves generated high off the equator in the dayside outer magnetosphere”

[1] The paper “Pc2 EMIC waves generated high off the equator in the dayside outer magnetosphere” by Y. Liu et al. (Geophys. Res. Letters, 39, L17102, doi:10.1029/2012GL053082, 2012) reported an electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) wave event detected by the four Cluster spacecraft from ~0820 to ~1400 UT on 16 February 2004, which is believed to be the first observational evidence of EMIC wave activity in the local minimum magnetic field region off the equator. Such a location has been predicted as an EMIC wave source region in previous theoretical work involving Shabansky particle orbits and drift shell splitting [McCollough et al., 2010, 2012]. H+ energy and pitch angle spectra from the Cluster Ion Spectrometry (CIS)-Composition and Distribution Function (CODIF) Analyzer [Rème et al., 2001] onboard Cluster 1 (C1), shown in the bottom two panels of Figure 2 by Liu et al. [2012], are used to confirm that the EMIC waves were locally excited. However, the plotted CODIF H+ energy spectra data from the ESA Cluster Active Archive obtained for the Liu et al. [2012] study some 2 years ago are erroneous and not consistent with the actual data plots now available on the ESA Cluster Active Archive. A CODIF instrument anomaly resulted in unusual features in the H+ pitch angle spectra that were not revealed in the paper. Consequently, descriptions of the plasma properties during the wave event shown in the bottom panel in Figure 2 of Liu et al. [2012] over times before 1029 UT and after 1230 UT are incorrect. Between these two times the pitch angle data are correct. During the event, CODIF on C1 experienced an increase in the high-voltage current across the microchannel plate detectors [Rème et al., 2001]. This type of high-voltage anomaly, taking place a few times throughout the year of 2004, resulted in the complete switch-off of the instrument on 29 October 2004. [2] In this correction, we present the more reliable ion measurements from the other instrument in the CIS package, the Hot Ion Analyzer (HIA), on the same Cluster spacecraft C1. The new results are presented below. It is important to point out that the original conclusions arrived at by Liu et al. [2012] in their summary section are in no way affected by the incorrect plasma data originally published, namely that the source of this wave event in the outer magnetosphere is located off the geomagnetic equator. [3] On Cluster the CODIF sensor measures ion composition, and the HIA sensor measures all ions [Rème et al., 2001]. Figure 1 shows the Cluster/CIS-HIA plasma measurements on C1 in the same period as Figure 2 by Liu et al. [2012], i.e., 0800–1430 UT on 16 February 2004. The top panel shows the HIA ion energy-time flux spectrogram and the bottom panel the pitch angle-time flux spectrogram, both for the full energy range 5.56 eV to 28.90 keV. Data are missing from 1325 UT on the plot, and the vertical magenta dotted lines indicate the start (0820 UT) and end (1400 UT) time of the wave event. The pitch angle observations centered on 90° on the horizontal black dotted line indicates that the strong temperature anisotropies of hot (>10 keV) ions are the likely direct cause of the EMIC wave activity. [4] Research at the UoN was supported by Australian Research Council Discovery Project grant DP0772504 and Linkage International grant LX0882515. Work at PRIC was supported by the Ocean Public Welfare Scientific Research Project (201005017) and the Shanghai Pujiang Talent Project (12PJ1409200). Work at UNH was supported by NASA under grant numbers NNX11AO82G and NNX11AB65G. The authors thank C. G. Mouikis and other Cluster team members for Cluster data preparation and software development.

Conservation management and sustainable harvest quotas are sensitive to choice of climate modelling approach for two marine gastropods

Funded by Australian Research Council Discovery Project grants DP1096427 (D.A.F., B.W.B.) and DP120101019 (B.W.B., C.J.A.B.), Super Science Fellowship FS110200051 (D.A.F.) and Future Fellowship FT100100200 (B.W.B.). C.M.was supported by the Marine Biodiversity Hub, funded by the Australian Government National Environmental Research Program.

EEG activity in children with Asperger’s Syndrome

Event Abstract Back to Event EEG activity in children with Asperger’s Syndrome Adam R. Clarke1*, Robert J. Barry1, Franca E. Dupuy1, Rory McCarthy2 and Mark Selikowitz2 1 University of Wollongong, Brain & Behaviour Research Institute and School of Psychology, Australia 2 Sydney Developmental Clinic, Australia Aims: This study investigated differences in the EEG of children with Asperger’s Syndrome. Method: Twenty two boys with Asperger’s Syndrome, aged 7 to 12 years, and an age and sex matched control group, participated in this study. The EEG was recorded during an eyes-closed resting condition from 19 electrode sites, which were clustered into nine regions prior to analysis. One minute of trace was analysed using Fourier transformations to obtain both absolute and relative power estimates in the delta, theta, alpha and beta frequency bands. Results: The Asperger’s group had global increase in absolute delta and a frontal increase in relative delta. Both absolute and relative theta were globally increased and relative alpha was globally decreased. Conclusions: These results suggest the existence of frontal lobe abnormalities in children with Asperger’s Syndrome, and possible abnormalities in normal CNS maturational processes. Acknowledgements This research was supported under the Australian Research Council's Discovery funding scheme (project number DP0558989). Keywords: EEG, Asperger’s syndrome, autism, maturation, Frontal Lobe Conference: ASP2013 - 23rd Annual meeting of the Australasian Society for Psychophysiology, Wollongong, Australia, 20 Nov - 22 Nov, 2013. Presentation Type: Oral Presentation Topic: Other... Citation: Clarke AR, Barry RJ, Dupuy FE, McCarthy R and Selikowitz M (2013). EEG activity in children with Asperger’s Syndrome. Conference Abstract: ASP2013 - 23rd Annual meeting of the Australasian Society for Psychophysiology. doi: 10.3389/conf.fnhum.2013.213.00003 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 05 Nov 2013; Published Online: 05 Nov 2013. * Correspondence: Dr. Adam R Clarke, University of Wollongong, Brain & Behaviour Research Institute and School of Psychology, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia, aclarke@uow.edu.au Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Adam R Clarke Robert J Barry Franca E Dupuy Rory McCarthy Mark Selikowitz Google Adam R Clarke Robert J Barry Franca E Dupuy Rory McCarthy Mark Selikowitz Google Scholar Adam R Clarke Robert J Barry Franca E Dupuy Rory McCarthy Mark Selikowitz PubMed Adam R Clarke Robert J Barry Franca E Dupuy Rory McCarthy Mark Selikowitz Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

The human mirror neuron system: Evolutionary adaptation or associative learning?

Event Abstract Back to Event The human mirror neuron system: Evolutionary adaptation or associative learning? Peter G. Enticott1, Bernadette M. Fitzgibbon1 and Paul Fitzgerald1 1 Monash University and The Alfred, Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Australia Common theoretical accounts of “mirror systems” in humans suggest that mirror neurons have been selected for throughout evolution to facilitate social cognition. A recent model, however, suggests that mirror systems have arisen not through evolutionary processes but via associative learning, whereby synchronous visual and motor neuron activity produces cells with mirror properties. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electromyography (EMG) were used to evaluate whether visuomotor associations affect interpersonal motor resonance, a putative measure of mirror system activity. Healthy adult participants (n = 18) completed two experiments, which explored whether visuomotor associations established throughout one's lifespan (i.e., common movements and those viewed by an egocentric perspective) are associated with enhanced interpersonal motor resonance. There were no overall differences in interpersonal motor resonance for common versus uncommon actions, or for actions presented from an egocentric versus an allocentric perspective. There was, however, increased interpersonal motor resonance within the abductor digiti minimi (ADM) muscle in response to allocentric compared to egocentric movements. As the association model predicts a stronger mirror system response to actions with stronger visuomotor associations, our findings provide little evidence to support an associative learning model. A more promising account might involve an integration of adaptation and association models, whereby mirror systems are highly plastic but also potentially serve an adaptive purpose. Acknowledgements Funding provided by Australian Research Council (ARC) Discovery Project DP120101738. Keywords: Mirror Neurons, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Electromyography, evolution, associative learning Conference: ACNS-2013 Australasian Cognitive Neuroscience Society Conference, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia, 28 Nov - 1 Dec, 2013. Presentation Type: Poster Topic: Emotion and Social Citation: Enticott PG, Fitzgibbon BM and Fitzgerald P (2013). The human mirror neuron system: Evolutionary adaptation or associative learning?. Conference Abstract: ACNS-2013 Australasian Cognitive Neuroscience Society Conference. doi: 10.3389/conf.fnhum.2013.212.00069 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 15 Oct 2013; Published Online: 25 Nov 2013. Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Peter G Enticott Bernadette M Fitzgibbon Paul Fitzgerald Google Peter G Enticott Bernadette M Fitzgibbon Paul Fitzgerald Google Scholar Peter G Enticott Bernadette M Fitzgibbon Paul Fitzgerald PubMed Peter G Enticott Bernadette M Fitzgibbon Paul Fitzgerald Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

Sensorimotor effects of the rubber-hand illusion differ between individuals depending on their degree of nonclinical autism-like traits

Event Abstract Back to Event Sensorimotor effects of the rubber-hand illusion differ between individuals depending on their degree of nonclinical autism-like traits Colin J. Palmer1*, Bryan Paton1, 2, Jakob Hohwy1 and Peter G. Enticott3 1 Monash University, Philosophy Department, School of Philosophical, Historical and International Studies, Australia 2 Monash University, School of Psychology & Psychiatry, Australia 3 Monash University, Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, The Alfred and Central Clinical School, Australia Background Perceptual and motor atypicalities are commonly experienced by individuals with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and fundamental differences in sensory processing have been suggested to underlie core features of these conditions. Several recent studies have extended this line of investigation into the broader population, reporting that sensory characteristics associated with ASD vary together with nonclinical differences in other ASD-like traits. The present study examined the association of ASD-like traits with the perceptual and motor effects of the rubber-hand illusion (RHI). In this multisensory paradigm, observing touch applied to a prosthetic arm while receiving corresponding tactile input on one’s own arm induces changes in the perception of touch location and arm position. Methods Nonclinical adults (n = 24) were recruited from a general university population and assessed on ASD-like characteristics using the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ). Participants completed a series of trials of either synchronous (experimental) or asynchronous (control) visuotactile stimulation in the RHI set-up. The perceptual effects of the illusion were assessed via changes in perceived arm position and participant ratings of the phenomenological aspects of the illusion. Reaching movements performed subsequent to each trial were evaluated using time-series analysis and measures of displacement and higher-order temporal derivatives. These measures were compared between groups split on AQ scores. Results Both groups reported the typical subjective experience of the illusion concerning visuotactile integration; however, individuals scoring higher on ASD-like traits showed reduced sensitivity to the presence of the illusion in their estimates of arm position and in reaching movements. These group differences were apparent in the degree of drift in perceived arm position towards the prosthetic arm and in the smoothness (integrated jerk) of reaching movements performed following the synchronous stimulation condition. Discussion These results suggest that integration of visual, tactile, and proprioceptive information regarding body position differs between individuals partly in relation to traits associated with ASD, with implications for both perception and action. We suggest that these results can be understood within a predictive coding framework as reflecting differences in the expected precision of sensory input in the ambiguous context of the RHI. Acknowledgements This work was supported by an Australian Research Council Discovery grant (DP1311336). JH is supported by an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (FT100100322). PE is supported by a NHMRC Clinical Research Fellowship (546244). Keywords: Rubber-hand illusion, sensory integration, Expected sensory precision, Movement, autistic traits Conference: ACNS-2013 Australasian Cognitive Neuroscience Society Conference, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia, 28 Nov - 1 Dec, 2013. Presentation Type: Poster Topic: Sensation and Perception Citation: Palmer CJ, Paton B, Hohwy J and Enticott PG (2013). Sensorimotor effects of the rubber-hand illusion differ between individuals depending on their degree of nonclinical autism-like traits. Conference Abstract: ACNS-2013 Australasian Cognitive Neuroscience Society Conference. doi: 10.3389/conf.fnhum.2013.212.00121 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 25 Sep 2013; Published Online: 25 Nov 2013. * Correspondence: Mr. Colin J Palmer, Monash University, Philosophy Department, School of Philosophical, Historical and International Studies, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia, colin.palmer@unsw.edu.au Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Colin J Palmer Bryan Paton Jakob Hohwy Peter G Enticott Google Colin J Palmer Bryan Paton Jakob Hohwy Peter G Enticott Google Scholar Colin J Palmer Bryan Paton Jakob Hohwy Peter G Enticott PubMed Colin J Palmer Bryan Paton Jakob Hohwy Peter G Enticott Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

Targeted Proteomics for Determining Phosphorylation Site-Specific Associations in Cardiovascular Disease

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are chemical or physical changes to proteins that can alter structure/function relationships and thus influence catalysis, cell localization and interactions with other proteins and biomolecules. There are over 200 recognized PTMs, generating a vast scope for altering protein function and increasing the potential for complex regulatory cross-talk between diverse modifications. Protein phosphorylation is of major significance since 30-50% of all cellular proteins may be targeted1,2. Phosphorylation is a transient means of amplifying environmental signals to rapidly alter protein structure, interactions and ultimately, function.

Managing Tensions in Statutory Professional Practice

Delivering essential health, education and human services in rural and remote communities remains a critical problem for Australia. When professionals have mandatory responsibilities (e.g. in child protection, law enforcement, education or mental health), tensions can arise between workers and the communities in which they live. This paper reports on part of an Australian Research Council Discovery project which is exploring the management of tensions in work-life balances for professionals in rural and remote communities, as well as investigating the views of community members impacted by the work. In this paper we present findings from the state wide survey of professionals (N ≈ 900) who lived and worked in small communities and who had statutory responsibilities in their role. These data provide valuable insights into practitioners' views about their roles, their preparation for rural practice during education and training, major tensions in juggling allegiance to work and community and the strategies they employ to address these. It is hoped that the study in the long term will offer solutions to the complex medical, legal and social issues that arise for different professional groups in the discharge of their duties. This 3-year project uses both qualitative and quantitative methods to map the terrain of rural and remote statutory work, to explore the nature of the relationships between professionals and communities and examine how professionals manage ethical and allegiance conflicts which arise.

Political Science in Australia 2011: Grants and Staffing

This Note examines the performance of political scientists in Australian Research Council Discovery grants from 2000 to 2012. It then provides a profile of the political science profession across Australia's universities.

Guest Editors' foreword: democracies at war

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes 1. Research for this special edition was supported by an Australian Research Council Discovery Grant. We are grateful to Dan Halvorson and Lee Morgenbesser for able research assistance. 2. See Chan (1984 Chan, Steve. 1984. Mirror, mirror on the wall … are the freer countries more pacific?. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 28(4): 617–48. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), Doyle (1983 Doyle, Michael W. 1983. Kant, liberal legacies, and foreign affairs. Philosophy and Public Affairs, 12(3): 205–35. [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), Maoz and Abdolali (1989 Maoz, Zeev and Abdolali, Nasrin. 1989. Regime types and international conflict, 1816–1976. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 33(1): 3–35. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), Moaz and Russett (1993), Rousseau et al. (1996), Rummel (1979 Rummel, R.J. 1979. Understanding conflict and war. Volume 4: war, power, peace, Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. [Google Scholar]) and Weede (1984 Weede, Erich. 1984. Democracy and war involvement. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 28(4): 649–64. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). On the monadic theory regarding states in transition to democracy, see Rousseau et al. (1996) and Snyder and Mansfield (1995). 3. On the limitations of definitions, see, for example, Kegley and Hermann (1999: 101), who argue that the definition of military intervention is not clear, and Spiro (1994), who makes a similar claim regarding the vagueness of the definition of democracy, liberalism and war. On the merits of various indices, such as the Polity data set and Correlates of War (COW), see Munck and Verkuilen (2002 Munck, Gerardo and Verkuilen, Jay. 2002. Conceptualizing and measuring democracy: evaluating alternative indices. Comparative Political Studies, 35(1): 5–54. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). 4. As Elman (1997 Elman , Miriam 1997 . Paths to peace: is democracy the answer? Cambridge , MA : The MIT Press . [Google Scholar]) argues, part of the problem has been in case selection, with an overemphasis on cases involving the United States and excessive focus on the Fashoda Crisis and the Spanish–American War. 5. On methodological-based critiques, see Gartzke (1998 Gartzke, Erik. 1998. Kant we all just get along? Opportunity, willingness, and the origins of the democratic peace. American Journal of Political Science, 42(1): 1–27. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar], 2000 Gartzke, Erik. 2000. Preferences and the democratic peace. International Studies Quarterly, 44(2): 191–212. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]); on substantive critiques, see Copeland (1996 Copeland, Dale C. 1996. Economic interdependence and war: a theory of trade expectations. International Security, 20(4): 5–41. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), Farber and Gowa (1997 Farber, Henry S. and Gowa, Joanne. 1997. Common interests or common polities? Reinterpreting the democratic peace. Journal of Politics, 59(2): 393–417. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), Gates et al. (1996 Gates, Scott, Knutsen, Torbjørn L. and Moses, Jonathon W. 1996. Democracy and peace: a more skeptical view. Journal of Peace Research, 33(1): 1–10. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), Gowa (1995 Gowa, Joanne. 1995. Democratic states and international disputes. International Organization, 49(3): 511–22. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), Kegley and Hermann (1999 Kegley, Charles W. and Hermann, Margaret R. 1999. Putting military intervention into the democratic peace: a research note. Comparative Political Studies, 30(1): 78–107. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar]), Layne (1994 Layne, Christopher. 1994. Kant or cant: the myth of the democratic peace. International Security, 19(2): 5–49. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), Mearsheimer (1990 Mearsheimer, John J. 1990. Back to the future: instability in Europe after the cold war. International Security, 15(1): 5–56. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), Rosato (2003 Rosato, Sebastian. 2003. The flawed logic of democratic peace theory. American Political Science Review, 97(4): 585–602. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), Spiro (1994 Spiro, David E. 1994. The insignificance of the liberal peace. International Security, 19(2): 50–86. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) and Thompson (1996 Thompson, William R. 1996. Democracy and peace: putting the cart before the horse?. International Organization, 50(1): 141–74. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). On how, in the Lakatosian sense, ‘realism and/or neorealism has been “falsified”’, see Ray (2003: 241).