Australian Conference Research Articles

4th Australian Lung Cancer Conference (ALCC), Adelaide, Australia, August 23-25, 2012

4th Australian Lung Cancer Conference (ALCC), Adelaide, Australia, August 23-25, 2012

Introduction

Queensland's heritage city of Maryborough was the focus of the Australian Garden History Society's 32nd Annual Conference, held from 19–21 August 2011. The Society is again delighted to collaborate with Queensland Review to bring the papers from this conference to publication, just as it did with those of the 2003 conference. Maryborough was selected for this event because the city centre is remarkably intact and coherent, and because of the appeal of its numerous charming ‘Queenslander’ houses to Southern delegates. The topics of the conference and the tours organised by the conference committee confirmed Garden History Society chair John Dwyer's opening description of Maryborough, quoted from the Australian National Trust's 1982 Historic Places publication, as ‘one of the four most charming places in Australia’.

Abstracts of the Australian Pain Society Conference, 1-4 April 2012, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Free accessAbstractFirst published online May 1, 2012Abstracts of the Australian Pain Society Conference, 1-4 April 2012, Melbourne, Victoria, AustraliaVolume 40, Issue 3https://doi.org/10.1177/0310057X1204000324

Erratum

NEXT ARTICLEAbstracts of the Australian Pain Society Conference, 1-4 April 2012, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

A two dimensional, reaction-diffusion model of compost piles

We consider the self heating process in a two dimensional spatially dependent model of a compost pile which incorporates terms that account for self heating due to both biological and oxidation mechanisms. As moisture is a crucial factor in both the degradation process and spontaneous ignition within a compost pile, this model consists of four mass-balance equations, namely, energy, oxygen, vapour and liquid water concentrations. Analyses are undertaken for different initial water contents within the compost pile. We show that when the water content is too low, the reaction is almost negligible; whereas when it is too high, the reaction commences only when the water content evaporates and the water ratio drops to within an appropriate range. However, for an intermediate water content range, the biological reaction is at its optimum and there is a possibility of spontaneous ignition within the compost pile. References F. Akgun and R. H. Essenhigh, Self-ignition characteristics of coal stockpiles: theoretical prediction from a two-dimensional unsteady-state model, FUEL, 80, 409--415, 2001, doi:10.1016/S0016-2361(00)00097-1 P. C. Bowes, Self-heating: Evaluating and Controlling the Hazards, Elsevier Press, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1984. W. F. Brinton, E. Jr. Evans, M. L. Droffner and R. B. Brinton, Standardized test for evaluation of compost self-heating, BioCycle, 36, 60--65, 1995, http://www.jgpress.com X. D. Chen, On the fundamentals of diffusive self-heating in water containing combustible materials, Chemical Engineering and Processing, 37, 367--378, 1998. FlexPDE$^{tm}$, PDE Solutions Inc, http://www.pdesolutions.com B. F. Gray, M. J. Sexton, B. Halliburton and C. Macaskill, Wetting-induced ignition in cellulosic materials, Fire Safety Journal, 37, 456--479, 2002, doi:10.1016/S0379-7112(02)00002-4 R. T. Haug, The Practical Handbook of Compost Engineering, Lewis Publishers, USA, 1993. W. Hogland, T. Bramryd and I. Persson, Physical, biological and chemical effects of unsorted fractions of industrial solid waste fuel storage, Waste Management and Research, 14, 197--210, 1996, doi:10.1006/wmre.1996.0019 P. F. Hudak, Spontaneous combustion of shale spoils at sanitary landfill, Waste Management and Research, 22, 687--688, 2001, doi:10.1016/S0956-053X(01)00077-0 M. Khanahmadi, R. Roostaazad, A. Safekordi, R. Bozorgmehri and D. A. Mitchell, Investigating the use of cooling surfaces in solid-state fermentation tray bioreactors: modelling and experimentation, Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 79, 1228--1242, 2004, doi: 10.1002/jctb.1117 M. Krajciova, L'. Jelemensky, M. Kisa and J. Markos, Model prediction on self-heating and prevention of stockpiled coals, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 17, 205--216, 2004, doi:10.1016/j.jlp.2004.02.002 F. Kuwahara, Y. Sano, A. Nakayama, K. Nakasaki and T. Fukazawa , Numerical modelling of a composting process with aeration, Journal of Porous Media, 10(12), 927--938, 2009. T. Luangwilai, H. S. Sidhu, M. I. Nelson and X. D. Chen, Modelling the effects of moisture content in compost piles, Proceedings of the 39th Australian Chemical Engineering Conference, Chemeca-2011, Engineers Australia, 2011, http://www.conference.net.au/chemeca2011/papers/411.pdf T. Luangwilai and H. S. Sidhu, Determining critical conditions for two-dimensional compost piles with air flow via numerical simulations, ANZIAM J.(E), 52, pp. C463--C481, 2011, http://anziamj.austms.org.au/ojs/index.php/ANZIAMJ/article/view/3753 N. O. Moraga, F. Corvalan, M. Escudey, A. Arias and C.E. Zambra, Unsteady 2D coupled heat and mass transfer in porous media with biological and chemical heat generations, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 52, 5841--5848, 2009, doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2009.07.027 D. Nield and A. Bejan, Convection in porous media, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1992. R. Rynk, Fires at composting facilities, BioCycle Magazine, 41(1), 54--62, 2000, http://www.jgpress.com M. J. Sexton, C. Macaskill and B. F. Gray, Self-heating and drying in two-dimensional bagasse piles, Combustion Theory and Modelling, 5, 517--536, 2001, doi:10.1088/1364-7830/5/4/302 R. A. Sisson, A. Swift, G. C. Wake and B. F. Gray, The self-heating of damp cellulosic materials: I. High thermal conductivity and diffusivity, IMA Journal of Applied Mathematics, 49, 273--291, 1992, http://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toc/imajapplmath.html H. S. Sidhu, M. I. Nelson and X. D. Chen, A simple spatial model for self-heating compost piles, ANZIAM J., 48(CTAC2006), C135--C150, 2007, http://anziamj.austms.org.au/ojs/index.php/ANZIAMJ/article/view/86

Street Computing: Towards an Integrated Open Data Application Programming Interface (API) for Cities

This special issue of the Journal of Urban Technology brings together five articles that are based on presentations given at the Street Computing Workshop held on 24 November 2009 in Melbourne in conjunction with the Australian Computer-Human Interaction conference (OZCHI 2009). Our own article introduces the Street Computing vision and explores the potential, challenges, and foundations of this research trajectory. In order to do so, we first look at the currently available sources of information and discuss their link to existing research efforts. Section 2 then introduces the notion of Street Computing and our research approach in more detail. Section 3 looks beyond the core concept itself and summarizes related work in this field of interest. We conclude by introducing the papers that have been contributed to this special issue.

A review of the medication pathway in rural Queensland, Australia

It is well established that rural areas have compromised access to health services, including medication services. This paper reviews the practice developments for rural health professionals in relation to medication processes, with a focus on regulatory provisions in Queensland, Australia, and a view to identifying opportunities for enhanced pharmacy involvement. Literature referring to 'medication/medicine', 'rural/remote', 'Australia' and 'pharmacy/pharmacist/pharmaceutical' was identified via EBSCOhost, Ovid, Informit, Pubmed, Embase and The Cochrane Library. Australian Government reports and conference proceedings were sourced from relevant websites. Legislative and policy documents reviewed include drugs and poisons legislation, the National Medicines Policy and the Australian Pharmaceutical Advisory Council guidelines. The following developments enhance access to medication services in rural Queensland: (1) endorsement of various non-medical prescribers, (2) authorisation of registered nurses, midwives, paramedics and Indigenous health workers to supply medications in sites without pharmacists, (3) skill-mixing of nursing staff in rural areas to ease medication administration tasks, (4) establishment of pharmacist-mediated medication review services, (5) electronic transfer of medical orders or prescriptions and (6) enhanced transfer of medication information between metropolitan and rural, and public and private facilities. This review identified a divide between medication access and medication management services. Initiatives aiming to improve supply of (access to) medications focus on scopes of practice and endorsements for non-pharmacist rural healthcare providers. Medication management remains the domain of pharmacists, and is less well addressed by current initiatives. Pharmacists' involvement in rural communities could be enhanced through tele-pharmacy, outreach support and sessional support.

Conference Report: AUS-CRS 2011: 5th Annual Meeting of the Australian Chapter of the Controlled Release Society

AUS-CRS 2011, the 5th Annual Meeting of the Australian Chapter of the Controlled Release Society was held as a satellite meeting to the Australian Peptide Conference at Hamilton Island, Queensland, Australia in October 2011. The conference provides a forum for showcasing a range of research towards improving drug delivery across Australia and New Zealand, with international visitors from beyond also participating, this year from the UK and Sweden. This year's meeting had an emphasis on peptide and protein delivery because of its association with the Australian Peptide Conference, although invited and contributed talks from a range of other fields of delivery research were also presented with excellent talks on lipid-based drug delivery, pulmonary delivery, anticancer drug delivery and drug development from a range of academic and industry speakers.

Sexual expression, fulfilment and haemophilia: reflections from the 16th Australian and New Zealand Haemophilia Conference

Following a presentation given at the 16th Australian and New Zealand Haemophilia Conference; Enjoying your sex life: Issues and solutions for men with physical impairment [Dune TM. Enjoying your sex life: issues and solutions for men with physical impairment. 16th Australian and New Zealand Haemophilia Conference: Health and Wellbeing - The Decade Ahead. Sydney, Australia: Haemophilia Foundation Australia, 2011], this note summarizes some of the issues and discusses solutions men with haemophilia and chronic illness highlight when negotiating their sexuality. This note also purports that the lack of clinical expertise and empirical research on sexuality and haemophilia hinders to provision of holistic health care.

Occupational sitting: practitioner perceptions of health risks, intervention strategies and influences

Workplace practitioners are well placed to provide practical insights on sedentary behaviour issues in the workplace. This study consulted occupational health and safety (OHS) practitioners, examining their perceptions of sedentary health risks and views on strategies and influences to reduce and break prolonged occupational sitting. Three focus groups were conducted with convenience samples of OHS practitioners (n=34; 6 men; 46.4 ± 9.6 years) attending an Australian national conference in November 2010. Open-ended questions concerning health risks, sitting reduction strategies and influences were posed by lead researchers and practitioners invited to express opinions, viewpoints and experiences. Audio-recordings and summary notes of focus group discussions were reviewed by researchers to identify key response themes. OHS practitioners were well informed about the chronic disease and musculoskeletal risks associated with prolonged occupational sitting, but noted the importance of not replacing one workplace health issue (too much sitting) with another (too much standing). Ideas for strategies were diverse and explored the dichotomy between providing choices for employees to stand and move more (e.g. sit-stand desks), as opposed to obligating change through adapting job and office design (e.g. centralising printers and scanners). Productivity concerns were cited as a major influence for change. OHS practitioners also highlighted the value of using cross-disciplinary expertise to bridge the gap between research and practice. This study identified that OHS practitioners in Australia have a good understanding of the risks of prolonged occupational sitting and potential strategies to manage these risks.

Ethical Practice and Narratives of Resistance to Violence: Becoming Resilient Part 2

This paper is the second part of a previous publication in this journal and is based on a plenary address at the 30th Australian Family Therapy Conference in 2009. It develops the idea of ethical practice in therapy for men and boys with a history of significant violence and abuse. This fosters a connection with resilience that resists or refuses to participate in historical narratives that support violence and its effects. In the paper, I provide several therapeutic examples of working with narratives of violence and present a theory of resilience and ethical practice drawing on the ideas of Deleuze. This helps to understand resilience as a process of ethical agency, creative renewal, and the production of expansive difference.

The Australian Conference of Economists at 40: The State It’s In

It was 1970. It was the Age of Aquarius. The Boeing 747 was introduced into intercontinental service. In Australia, the Federal Treasurer, Les Bury, began to notice that inflation and unemployment were rising simultaneously. And Australian students began studying economics using a localised adaptation of Samuelson's classic textbook.

OneSMA

OneSMA is a proposal put forward by the SMA National Board to merge the nine existing organisations that currently make up the federated structure of SMA, into one structure. Consultation has taken place with each of the SMA State Boards and executive officers in a number of instances and forums to date. The Australian Conference of Science and Medicine in Sport in Fremantle provides a unique opportunity to inform and update interested members on the OneSMA proposal and how they can engage in the process in the future.

The impact of sexually transmissible infection programs in remote Aboriginal communities in Australia: a systematic review

To systematically review evaluations of the impact of sexually transmissible infection (STI) programs delivered by primary health care services in remote Aboriginal communities. PubMed, Google Scholar, InfoNet, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry, conference proceedings and bulletins were searched to April 2011 using variations of the terms 'Aboriginal', 'programs' and 'STI'. The primary outcome of interest in the review was the change in bacterial STI infection prevalence in the target age group assessed through cross-sectional screening studies over a 5-year period or more. The characteristics of the primary health care service, STI programs and other clinical service outcomes were also described. Twelve reports described four distinct STI programs in remote communities and their impact on STI prevalence. In the Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara (APY) lands of northern South Australia, there was a reduction in the age-adjusted chlamydia and gonorrhoea prevalence by 58% and 67%, respectively (1996-2003). In the Tiwi Islands of Northern Territory (NT), chlamydia and gonorrhoea positivity decreased by 94% and 34%, respectively (2002-2005). In the Ngaanyatjarra Lands of Western Australia, crude chlamydia and gonorrhoea prevalence decreased by 36% and 48%, respectively (2001-2005), and in the central Australian region of NT, there was no sustained decline in crude prevalence (2001-2005). In three of the four programs, there was some evidence that clinical best practice and well coordinated sexual health programs can reduce STI prevalence in remote Aboriginal communities.

Achy breaky makey wakey heart? A randomised crossover trial of musical prompts

ObjectiveCompared with no music (NM), does listening to ‘Achy breaky heart’ (ABH) or ‘Disco science’ (DS) increase the proportion of prehospital professionals delivering chest compressions at 2010 guideline-compliant rates of...

Recent studies in Australian palaeoecology and zooarchaeology: a volume in honour of the late Su Solomon

The collection of papers presented in this issue of Environmental Archaeology arose from the sessions ‘Australian Studies in Taphonomy and Archaeofaunas: A Session in Honour of the Late Su Solomon’ at the 2008 annual Australian Archaeological Association Conference held at Noosa, Queensland, 3 to 6 December; and ‘Palaeoecology and its Role in Archaeology: Current Research and Future Directions’ at the 2009 annual Australian Archaeological Association Conference, at Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, 10 to 13 December. The theme for the 2009 conference was ‘Old Guard, New Guard’, where participants were asked to consider the major directions for archaeology as we move into the new millennium. For this reason our session wanted to canvass the current research by Australians that integrated palaeoecological and archaeological approaches. The session drew case studies from within Australia and from a number of overseas study sites. A selection of these presentations and those from the 2008 session are brought together here. It is an apparent eclectic selection of papers, yet they all use palaeoecological approaches to enhance our understanding of the archaeological record, and provide a snapshot of the range of research endeavour’s being pursued by Australian-based investigators. Australian archaeology is a relatively young disci

Introduction by this Special Issue’s Editors

An introduction is presented in which the editors discusses the 39th Australian Conference of Economists (ACE10) held at the Dockside Convention Centre in Sydney, New South Wales from September 27-29, 2010.

Suburban Employment Trends: A Melbourne Case Study

Suburban Employment Trends: A Melbourne Case Study

Determining critical conditions for two dimensional compost piles with air flow via numerical simulations

We consider the self-heating process of a two dimensional, spatially dependent, model of a compost pile which incorporates terms that account for self-heating due to both biological and oxidative mechanisms. This self-heating model consists of mass balance equations for oxygen and energy. We study the effects of air flow through the pile. Numerical solutions determine critical conditions for thermal ignition within the compost pile. Two distinct numerical approaches corroborate solutions to the self-heating problem in compost piles. We analyse the model numerically using FlexPDE (a commercial software package) in a two dimensional configuration. The results obtained are then compared with those obtained using the Method of Lines. We focus mainly on the critical conditions for thermal ignition for different rates of air flow moving through the compost pile. References P. C. Bowes, Self-heating: Evaluating and Controlling the Hazards, Elsevier Press, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1984. W. F. Brinton, E. Jr. Evans, M. L. Droffner and R. B. Brinton, Standardized test for evaluation of compost self-heating, BioCycle, 36, 60--65, 1995. http://www.jgpress.com X. D. Chen and D. A. Mitchell, Start-up strategies for self-heating and efficient growth in stirred bioreactors for solid state fermentation, In Proceeding of the 24th Australian and New Zealand Chemical Engineering Conference, 4, The Institution of Engineers, 111--116, 1996. V. Fierro, J. L. Miranda, C. Romero, J. M. Andres, A. Arriaga and D. Schamal, Model predictions and experimental results on self-heating prevention of stockpiled coals, FUEL, 80 (2008), 125--134, 2001. doi:10.1016/S0016-2361(00)00062-4 Flexpde, PDE Solutions Inc, http://www.pdesolutions.com. D. A. Frank--Kamenetskii, Diffusion and Heat Transfer in Chemical Kinetics, 2nd edition, Plenum Press, New York, USA, 1969. W. Hogland, T. Bramryd and I. Persson, Physical, biological and chemical effects of unsorted fractions of industrial solid waste fuel storage, Waste Manage. Res., 32, 21--98, 1996. doi:10.1006/wmre.1996.0019 P. F. Hudak, Spontaneous combustion of shale spoils at sanitary landfill, Waste Manage., 22, 687--688, 2001. doi:10.1016/S0956-053X(01)00077-0 T. Luangwilai, H. S. Sidhu, M. I. Nelson and X. D. Chen, Airflow and ambient temperature effects on the biological self-heating of compost piles, Asia-Pac. J. of Chem. Eng., 5(4), 609--618, 2010. doi:10.1002/apj.438 Matlab, MathWorks Inc, http://www.mathworks.com. N. O. Moraga, F. Corvalan, M. Escudey, A. Arias and C. E. Zambra, Unsteady 2D coupled heat and mass transfer in porous media with biological and chemical heat generations, Int. J. Heat Mass Tran., 52, 5841--5848, 2009. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2009.07.027 V. D. Naylor, The stream function and the velocity potential function, Math. Gaz., 38(323), 30--34, 2007. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3609771 R. Rynk, Fires at composting facilities, BioCycle Magazine, 41(1), 54--58, 2000. http://www.jgpress.com W. E. Schiesser, The numerical method of lines: Integration of Partial Differential Equations, Academic Press, Inc, 1991. H. S. Sidhu, M. I. Nelson and X. D. Chen, A simple spatial model for self-heating compost piles, ANZIAM J(E), 48, C135--C150, 2007, http://anziamj.austms.org.au/ojs/index.php/ANZIAMJ/article/view/86

Understanding feedback mechanisms of the Indo‐Pacific Ocean climate system

Indo‐Pacific Climate Variability and Change Workshop; Cairns, Queensland, Australia, 7–8 April 2011; The latest in the Australian GREENHOUSE conference series, GREENHOUSE 2011, provided scientists and representatives from industry and all levels of government the opportunity to hear about the latest in climate change science from leading researchers from Australia and around the world. This year's conference included a workshop on Indo‐Pacific climate variability and change that focused on interactions between the two ocean basins, their teleconnections, and how these might change in the future. There were 16 presentations by participants, which are now available at http://www.greenhouse2011.com/page.aspx?docid=11. Several talks at the workshop identified feedback mechanisms that control the development and structure of climate modes, using both observations and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3 (CMIP3) results for the twentieth and 21st centuries. For example, skewness in the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) was associated with nonlinear temperature advection, sea surface temperature (SST)‐cloud‐radiation feedback, and feedbacks among the thermocline, SST, and wind. Observations indicated that the frequency of the IOD has increased since 1950. However, there were varying interpretations on the relative strengths of the feedbacks, how they will change in the future, and whether the increased frequency of the IOD is induced by natural variation or human activity.