Augmented Reality Image Research Articles

See‐Through Conformable Holographic Metasurface Patches for Augmented Reality

AbstractCurrent requirements for augmented reality (AR) applications demand the use of dedicated AR glasses, which often need custom prescription lenses or contact lenses to correct common visual impairments, thus limiting AR's broader experiences. Here, an innovative methodology for the design, fabrication, and comprehensive analysis of a flexible, reflective‐type holographic metasurface patch designed for AR applications is presented. By fabricating a conformable metasurface on a transparent and flexible substrate, a prototype of AR eyeglasses is successfully created, capable of transforming everyday eyewear into AR glasses. The prototype is tested under both indoor and outdoor conditions, proving its effectiveness in delivering immersive AR imaging presentations. The metasurface's compact size does not interfere with normal vision. This approach increases the relevance and applicability of AR technology by making AR experiences accessible to a wider audience.

Augmented and virtual reality imaging for collaborative planning of structural cardiovascular interventions: a proof-of-concept and validation study.

Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) have led to significant advancements in cardiac preoperative planning, shaping the world in profound ways. A noticeable gap exists in the availability of a comprehensive multi-user, multi-device mixed reality application that can be used in a multidisciplinary team meeting. A multi-user, multi-device mixed reality application was developed, supporting AR and VR implementations. Technical validation involved a standardized testing protocol and comparison of AR and VR measurements regarding absolute error and time. Preclinical validation engaged experts in interventional cardiology, evaluating the clinical applicability prior to clinical validation. Clinical validation included patient-specific measurements for five patients in VR compared with standard computed tomography (CT) for preoperative planning. Questionnaires were used at all stages for subjective evaluation. Technical validation, including 106 size measurements, demonstrated an absolute median error of 0.69mm (0.25 to 1.18mm) compared with ground truth. The time to complete the entire task was on average, with VR measurements being faster than AR ( versus , ). On clinical validation of five preoperative patients, there was no statistically significant difference between paired CT and VR measurements (0.58 [95% CI, to 2.74], ). Questionnaires showcased unanimous agreement on the user-friendly nature, effectiveness, and clinical value. The mixed reality application, validated through technical, preclinical, and clinical assessments, demonstrates precision and user-friendliness. Further research of our application is needed to validate the generalizability and impact on patient outcomes.

Ocular Accommodative and Pupillary Responses During Fixation on Augmented Reality With a Maxwellian Display.

This study aimed to investigate the changes in ocular refraction and pupillary diameter during fixation on augmented reality (AR) images using a Maxwellian display. Twenty-two healthy young volunteers (average age, 20.7 ± 0.5 years) wore a Maxwellian display device in front of their right eye and fixated on an asterisk displayed on both a liquid-crystal display (real target) and a Maxwellian display (AR target) for 29 seconds (real as a baseline for 3 seconds, AR for 13 seconds, and real for 13 seconds) at distances of 5.0, 0.5, 0.33, and 0.2 meters. A binocular open-view autorefractometer was used to measure the ocular refraction and pupillary diameter of the left eye. Accommodative (5.0 meters, 0.28 ± 0.29 diopter [D]; 0.5 meter, -0.12 ± 0.35 D; 0.33 meter, -0.43 ± 0.57 D; 0.2 meter, -1.20 ± 0.82 D) and pupillary (5.0 meters, 0.07 ± 0.22 mm; 0.5 meter, -0.08 ± 0.17 mm; 0.33 meter, -0.16 ± 0.20 mm; 0.2 meter, -0.25 ± 0.24 mm) responses were negative when the real target distances were farther away. The accommodative response was significantly and positively correlated with the pupillary response during fixation on the AR target (R2 = 0.187, P < 0.001). Fixating on AR images using a Maxwellian display induces accommodative and pupillary responses. Accommodative responses depend on the distance between real objects. Overall, the Maxwellian display does not completely eliminate accommodation in real space.

Integration and Application of AR Technology in Augmented Reality Image Animation Within the Context of Lingnan Culture

Integration and Application of AR Technology in Augmented Reality Image Animation Within the Context of Lingnan Culture

Enhancing Augmented Reality (AR) Technology to Improve Medical English Literacy

Since the paradigm for teaching reading has shifted from traditional literacy to multimodal literacy, prior research has demonstrated that augmented reality (AR) technology can successfully improve conventional literacy in general language learning. Only a few research, particularly in English for Nurse courses, have examined the potential of Augmented Reality (AR) technology to improve multimodal literacy in ESP learning. The purpose of this study was to determine how AR technology affects nursing students' multimodal literacy in ESP learning and how they communicate with others through a variety of multimodal modalities to improve their multimodal literacy in medical English. Fifty nursing students enrolled in English for Nursing courses participated in the study to share their experiences using this multimodal ESP learning survey to improve their medical English literacy. In the auditory mode, background music and sound effects were used to elicit strong emotions and improve immersive experiences. The results also showed a significant improvement in nursing students' multimodal English literacy skills when the material was created for a location-based augmented reality application. The findings revealed that nursing students used three modes in AR (visual, imaging, and animations). The three modes were used to help viewers comprehend complex material, give them specific ideas, and encourage participation.

Exploring Augmented Reality Integration in Diagnostic Imaging: Myth or Reality?

This study delves into the transformative potential of integrating augmented reality (AR) within imaging technologies, shedding light on this evolving landscape. Through a comprehensive narrative review, this research uncovers a wealth of literature exploring the intersection between AR and medical imaging, highlighting its growing prominence in healthcare. AR's integration offers a host of potential opportunities to enhance surgical precision, bolster patient engagement, and customize medical interventions. Moreover, when combined with technologies like virtual reality (VR), artificial intelligence (AI), and robotics, AR opens up new avenues for innovation in clinical practice, education, and training. However, amidst these promising prospects lie numerous unanswered questions and areas ripe for exploration. This study emphasizes the need for rigorous research to elucidate the clinical efficacy of AR-integrated interventions, optimize surgical workflows, and address technological challenges. As the healthcare landscape continues to evolve, sustained research efforts are crucial to fully realizing AR's transformative impact in medical imaging. Systematic reviews on AR in healthcare also overlook regulatory and developmental factors, particularly in regard to medical devices. These include compliance with standards, safety regulations, risk management, clinical validation, and developmental processes. Addressing these aspects will provide a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and opportunities in integrating AR into clinical settings, informing stakeholders about crucial regulatory and developmental considerations for successful implementation. Moreover, navigating the regulatory approval process requires substantial financial resources and expertise, presenting barriers to entry for smaller innovators. Collaboration across disciplines and concerted efforts to overcome barriers will be essential in navigating this frontier and harnessing the potential of AR to revolutionize healthcare delivery.

Unfuturing peace: augmented reality image design for Guerrilla peacebuilding

This project explores the potential of image-making in augmented reality (AR) technologies as means of designing sustaining quality peace futures—unfuturing peace, focusing on Ukraine’s heroic defense against Russia’s 2022–2024 full-scale war of aggression as a case study. Employing the methodology of compositional interpretation and the conceptual tool “futures images,” the project theoretically and practically differentiates between defuturing and unfuturing as peace design processes in developing an essay of originally designed marker-based Augmented Reality Posters in Support of Ukraine as demos of sustaining quality peace arrangements. The posters reference the topics of (physical) integrity of Ukrainian symbols, global food security and the security of the LGBTQI+ community in Ukraine. The technological artistic process/outcomes of this AR image-making experiment and their relation to power layouts in peacebuilding form the bases for theorizing how AR-supported futures design in war-affected communities—unfuturing peace—could facilitate “guerrilla peacebuilding.” In outlining theoretical and practical premises of guerrilla peacebuilding, the project intersects Augmented Reality Posters in Support of Ukraine with explorations of guerrilla warfare and counterinsurgency efforts leading to the 2016 Havana Peace Agreements in Colombia as well as mobile technologies/power in guerrilla approaches to democratic development.

A Comparative Evaluation of Optical See-Through Augmented Reality in Surgical Guidance.

During traditional surgeries, planning and instrument guidance is displayed on an external screen. Recent developments of augmented reality (AR) techniques can overcome obstacles including hand-eye discoordination and heavy mental load. Among these AR technologies, optical see-through (OST) schemes with stereoscopic displays can provide depth perception and retain the physical scene for safety considerations. However, limitations still exist in certain AR systems and the influence of these factors on surgical performance is yet to explore. To this end, experiments of multi-scale surgical tasks were carried out to compare head-mounted display (HMD) AR and autostereoscopic image overlay (AIO) AR, concerning objective performance and subjective evaluation. To solely analyze effects brought by display techniques, the tracking system in each included display system was identical and similar tracking accuracy was proved by a preliminary experiment. Focus and context rendering was utilized to enhance in-situ visualization for surgical guidance. Latency values of all display systems were assessed and a delay experiment proved the latency differences had no significant impact on user performance. Results of multi-scale surgical tasks showed that HMD outperformed in detailed operations probably due to stable resolution along the depth axis, while AIO had better performance in larger-scale operations for better depth perception. This article helps point out the critical limitations of current OST AR techniques and potentially promotes the progress of AR applications in surgical guidance.

Targeted augmented reality-guided transperineal prostate biopsies study: initial experience.

Transperineal biopsy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-detected prostate lesions is now the established technique used in prostate cancer (CaP) diagnostics. Virtual Surgery Intelligence (VSI) Holomedicine by Apoqlar (Hamburg, Germany) is a mixed reality (MR)/augmented reality (AR) software platform that runs on the HoloLens II system (Microsoft, Redford, USA). Multiparametric prostate MRI images were converted into 3D holograms and added into a MR space, enabling visualization of a 3D hologram and image-assisted prostate biopsy. The Targeted Augmented Reality-GuidEd Transperineal (TARGET) study investigated the feasibility of performing AR-guided prostate biopsies in a MR framework, using the VSI platform in patients with MRI-detected prostate lesions. Ten patients with a clinical suspicion of CaP on MRI (Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System, PI-RADS 4/5) were uploaded to the VSI HoloLens system. Two MR/AR-guided prostate biopsies were then acquired using the PrecisionPoint Freehand transperineal biopsy system. Cognitive fusion biopsies were performed as standard of care following the MR/AR-guided prostate biopsies. All 10 patients successfully underwent MR/AR-guided prostate biopsy after 3D MR images were overlaid on the patient's body. Prostatic tissue was obtained in all MR/AR-guided specimens. Seven patients (70%) had matching histology in both the standard and MR/AR-guided biopsies. The remaining three had ISUP (International Society of Urological Pathology) Grade 2 CaP. There were no immediate complications. We believe this is a world first. The initial feasibility data from the TARGET study demonstrated that an MR/AR-guided prostate biopsy utilizing the VSI Holomedicine system is a viable option in CaP diagnostics. The next stage in development is to combine AR images with real-time needle insertion and to provide further data to formally appraise the sensitivity and specificity of the technique.

Research on augmented reality navigation of in vitro fenestration of stent-graft based on deep learning and virtual-real registration

ObjectivesIn vitro fenestration of stent-graft (IVFS) demands high-precision navigation methods to achieve optimal surgical outcomes. This study aims to propose an augmented reality (AR) navigation method for IVFS, which can provide in situ overlay display to locate fenestration positions.MethodsWe propose an AR navigation method to assist doctors in performing IVFS. A deep learning-based aorta segmentation algorithm is used to achieve automatic and rapid aorta segmentation. The Vuforia-based virtual-real registration and marker recognition algorithm are integrated to ensure accurate in situ AR image.ResultsThe proposed method can provide three-dimensional in situ AR image, and the fiducial registration error after virtual-real registration is 2.070 mm. The aorta segmentation experiment obtains dice similarity coefficient of 91.12% and Hausdorff distance of 2.59, better than conventional algorithms before improvement.ConclusionsThe proposed method can intuitively and accurately locate fenestration positions, and therefore can assist doctors in performing IVFS.

The Effect of an Ambient Contrast of AR (Augmented Reality) Images on Brightness Perception

The Effect of an Ambient Contrast of AR (Augmented Reality) Images on Brightness Perception

A Radiotherapy Positioning Method for Both Coarse Guidance and Precise Verification Based on Integration of AR and Optical Surface Imaging

Traditional methods of radiotherapy positioning have shortcomings such as fragile skin-markers, additional doses and lack of information integration. Emerging technologies may provide alternatives for the relevant clinical practice. We proposed a noninvasive radiotherapy positioning method integrating augmented reality (AR) and optical surface, and evaluated its feasibility in clinical workflow. AR and structured light-based surface were integrated to implement the coarse-to-precise positioning through two coherent steps, i) the AR-based coarse guidance. To implement quality assurance, recognition of face and pattern was used for patient authentication, case association and accessory validation in AR scenes. The holographic images reconstructed from simulation computed tomography (CT) images, guided the initial posture correction by virtual-real alignment. ii) optical surface-based precise verification. The point clouds were fused, with the calibration and pose estimation of structured light cameras, and segmented according to the preset regions of interest (ROIs). The global-to-local registration for cross-source point clouds was achieved to calculate couch shifts in 6 degrees-of-freedom (DoF), which were ultimately transmitted to AR scenes. The evaluation based on phantom and human-body (4 volunteers) included, i) quality assurance workflow, ii) errors of both steps and correlation analysis, and iii) receiver operating characteristic (ROC). The maximum errors in phantom evaluation were 3.4±2.5 mm in Vrt and 1.4±1.0° in Pitch for the coarse guidance step, while 1.6±0.9 mm in Vrt and 0.6±0.4° in Pitch for the precise verification step. The Pearson correlation coefficients between precise verification and cone beam CT (CBCT) results were distributed in the interval [0.81, 0.85]. In ROC analysis, the areas under the curve (AUC) were 0.87 and 0.89 for translation and rotation respectively. In human body-based evaluation, the errors of thorax and abdomen (T&A) were significantly greater than those of head and neck (H&N) in Vrt (2.6±1.3 vs. 1.7±1.1, p<0.01), Lng (2.4±1.3 vs. 1.4±0.1, p<0.01) and Rtn (0.8±0.5 vs. 0.6±0.4, p = 0.03) while relatively similar in Lat (1.7±1.0 vs. 1.9±1.1, p = 0.13). The combination of AR and optical surface has utility and feasibility for patient positioning, in terms of both safety and accuracy.

Augmented Reality-Guided Apicoectomy Based on Maxillofacial CBCT Scans.

Implementation of augmented reality (AR) image guidance systems using preoperative cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans in apicoectomies promises to help surgeons overcome iatrogenic complications associated with this procedure. This study aims to evaluate the intraoperative feasibility and usability of HoloLens 2, an established AR image guidance device, in the context of apicoectomies. Three experienced surgeons carried out four AR-guided apicoectomies each on human cadaver head specimens. Preparation and operating times of each procedure, as well as the subjective usability of HoloLens for AR image guidance in apicoectomies using the System Usability Scale (SUS), were measured. In total, twelve AR-guided apicoectomies on six human cadaver head specimens were performed (n = 12). The average preparation time amounted to 162 (±34) s. The surgical procedure itself took on average 9 (±2) min. There was no statistically significant difference between the three surgeons. Quantification of the usability of HoloLens revealed a mean SUS score of 80.4 (±6.8), indicating an "excellent" usability level. In conclusion, this study implies the suitability, practicality, and simplicity of AR image guidance systems such as the HoloLens in apicoectomies and advocates their routine implementation.

Patterning Quantum Dots via Photolithography: A Review.

Pixelating patterns of red, green, and blue quantum dots (QDs) is a critical challenge for realizing high-end displays with bright and vivid images for virtual, augmented, and mixed reality. Since QDs must be processed from a solution, their patterning process is completely different from the conventional techniques used in the organic light-emitting diode and liquid crystal display industries. Although innovative QD patterning technologies are being developed, photopatterning based on the light-induced chemical conversion of QD films is considered one of the most promising methods for forming micrometer-scale QD patterns that satisfy the precision and fidelity required for commercialization. Moreover, the practical impact will be significant as it directly exploits mature photolithography technologies and facilities that are widely available in the semiconductor industry. This article reviews recent progress in the effort to form QD patterns via photolithography. The review begins with a general description of the photolithography process. Subsequently, different types of photolithographical methods applicable to QD patterning are introduced, followed by recent achievements using these methods in forming high-resolution QD patterns. The paper also discusses prospects for future research directions.

Development of holographic printed HOE recording technology with VHG-based FOV analysis for waveguide-type NED system

We propose a holographic printing–recording technology for near-eye display through volume holographic grating analysis in hologram recording and reconstruction. Most near-eye displays are designed based on waveguide-type and analog holographic optical elements, resulting in disruption of the uniformity of the image because of the difference between the initial recording conditions and the source image. This problem can be addressed using holographic printing technology to modulate different diffraction efficiencies for each holographic element. This study uses a digital HOE screen that can fabricate and reconstruct augmented reality images of 1.17”, 1.76”, and 2.35” in a field of view of 28.07°, 41.11°, and 53.13°, respectively, at a distance of 53.33 mm from the eye. Moreover, augmented images are realized with higher diffraction efficiency than conventional methods, simplifying the design and facilitating mass production of uniformed products using digital holographic printing technology.

Prehospital Pediatric Emergency Training Using Augmented Reality Simulation: A Prospective, Mixed Methods Study

Objective Pediatric emergencies are high-stakes yet low-volume clinical encounters for emergency medical services (EMS) clinicians, necessitating innovative approaches to training. We sought to explore the acceptability, usability, and ergonomics of a novel augmented reality (AR) software for EMS crisis management training. Methods This was a prospective, mixed-methods study employing qualitative and quantitative analyses. We enrolled emergency medical technicians (EMTs) and paramedics at a municipal fire service in Northern California. We ran the Chariot Augmented Reality Medical simulation software (#details_redacted_for_peer_review) on the ML1 headset (Magic Leap, Inc., Plantation, FL), which enabled participants to view an AR image of a patient overlaid with real-world training objects. Participants completed a simulation of a pediatric hypoglycemia-induced seizure and cardiac arrest. Participants subsequently engaged in structured focus group interviews assessing acceptability, which we coded and thematically analyzed. We evaluated the usability of the AR system and ergonomics of the ML1 headset using previously validated scales, and we analyzed findings with descriptive statistics. Results Twenty-two EMS clinicians participated. We categorized focus group interview statements into seven domains after an iterative thematic analysis: general appraisal, realism, learning efficacy, mixed reality feasibility, technology acceptance, software optimization, and alternate use cases. Participants valued the realism and the mixed reality functionality of the training simulation. They reported that AR could be effective for practicing pediatric clinical algorithms and task prioritization, building verbal communication skills, and promoting stress indoctrination. However, participants also noted challenges with integrating AR images with real-world objects, the learning curve required to adapt to the technology, and areas for software improvement. Participants favorably evaluated the ease of use of the technology and comfortability of wearing the hardware; however, most participants reported that they would need technical support. Conclusion Participants positively evaluated the acceptability, usability, and ergonomics of an AR simulator for pediatric emergency management training, and participants identified current technological limitations and areas for improvement. AR simulation may serve as an effective training adjunct for prehospital clinicians.

Application of an effective marker-less augmented reality image guidance method in dental implant surgery.

The existing augmented reality (AR) dental implant surgery navigation system usually uses markers to complete image guidance. However, markers often affect dentists' operations and make patients uncomfortable. To solve the problems caused by markers, this paper proposes an effective marker-less image guidance method. After initialisation is completed by contour matching, the corresponding relationship is obtained by matching the feature points between the current frame and the preloaded initial frame. The camera pose is estimated by solving the Perspective-n-Point problem. The registration error of AR images is 0.731±0.144mm. The planting errors are 1.174±0.241mm at the neck, 1.433±0.389mm at the apex and 5.566±2.102° for the angle. The maximum error and standard deviation meet the clinical requirements. We demonstrate that the proposed method can accurately guide dentists to perform dental implant surgery.

Indoor Navigation and Tourist Guide Using Augumented Reality

The suggested project is based on augmented reality concepts for indoor route innovation. When travelling to a remote location, you can use a g-map to navigate outside, but when it comes to the interior, you are left in the dark and helpless. Here is our service that allows you to travel within a faraway city to an open area where you can receive our aid with the improvement of augmented reality. Our app uses augmented reality (AR) images to point users in the right direction inside. For instance, if you received confirmation from a college while travelling there, you don't need to wait for the inside navigation to be completed. It was secured by us. Our suggested strategy will enable you to move freely within the college grounds.

Using virtual lines of navigation for a successful transcortical approach.

Neuronavigation systems have become essential tools in image-guided neurosurgery that aid in the accurate resection of brain tumors. Recent advancements to these devices can indicate the precise location of lesions but can also project an augmented reality (AR) image on the microscope eyepiece to facilitate a successful surgical operation. Although the transcortical approach is a very popular method in neurosurgery, it can lead to disorientation and can cause unnecessary brain damage when the distance from the brain surface to the lesion is long. Herein, we report on an actual case in which a virtual line from AR images was used to assist the transcortical approach. A virtual line connecting the entry point and the target point, which were set as the navigation route, was created using Stealth station S7® (Medtronic, Minneapolis, USA). This line was projected as an AR image on the microscope eyepiece. It was possible to reach the target point by proceeding through the white matter along the displayed virtual line. The lesion was reached within a short duration using virtual line without disorientation. Setting a virtual line as an AR image using neuronavigation is a simple and accurate method that can effectively support the conventional transcortical approach.

V05-06 3D AUGMENTED REALITY TECHNOLOGY FOR IDENTIFICATION OF NEOPLASTIC VENOUS THROMBUS DURING ROBOTIC RADICAL NEPHRECTOMY FOR RCC

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023V05-06 3D AUGMENTED REALITY TECHNOLOGY FOR IDENTIFICATION OF NEOPLASTIC VENOUS THROMBUS DURING ROBOTIC RADICAL NEPHRECTOMY FOR RCC Daniele Amparore, Federico Piramide, Enrico Checcucci, Alberto Piana, Gabriele Volpi, Paolo Verri, Michele Sica, Mariano Burgio, Giovanni Busacca, Martina Mandaletti, Andrea Bellin, Matteo Manfredi, Cristian Fiori, and Francesco Porpiglia Daniele AmparoreDaniele Amparore More articles by this author , Federico PiramideFederico Piramide More articles by this author , Enrico CheccucciEnrico Checcucci More articles by this author , Alberto PianaAlberto Piana More articles by this author , Gabriele VolpiGabriele Volpi More articles by this author , Paolo VerriPaolo Verri More articles by this author , Michele SicaMichele Sica More articles by this author , Mariano BurgioMariano Burgio More articles by this author , Giovanni BusaccaGiovanni Busacca More articles by this author , Martina MandalettiMartina Mandaletti More articles by this author , Andrea BellinAndrea Bellin More articles by this author , Matteo ManfrediMatteo Manfredi More articles by this author , Cristian FioriCristian Fiori More articles by this author , and Francesco PorpigliaFrancesco Porpiglia More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003263.06AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Notwithstanding the increasing of earlier diagnosis, a 6% of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients still are diagnosed with a neoplastic thrombus at the level of renal vein or inferior vena cava (IVC). For many years those renal tumors have been treated with open surgery, but with the recent technological development (laparoscopic and robotic surgery) surgeons decided to embark in this challenging procedures with the aim of reducing morbidity and hospitalization without impairing the oncological and perioperative safety. To optimize the intraoperative outcomes a correct estimation of neoplastic thrombus location is essential both in planning the surgical strategy and during the procedure itself. Hence some ancillary technologies such intraoperative ultrasound have been tested to assist surgeon during the intervention. During these last years 3D Augmented reality (AR) guidance has been reported to be a useful tool to correctly identify renal tumor location and assist surgeon during the interventions, especially in case of endophytic or posterior masses, which are therefore “hidden” inside or behind the healthy parenchyma. With the aim to give a contribution in this field, we tested 3D AR guidance during robot-assisted radical nephrectomy (RARN) with tumor thrombi in renal vein and IVC. METHODS: This is a pilot study aiming to explore the safety and feasibility of 3D AR guidance during RARN for tumors with neoplastic thrombi (levels 0-I). From November 2020 all patients scheduled for RARN due to non-metastatic RCC with level 0-I venous thrombus were enrolled. All patients underwent a four-phase contrast-enhanced CT, in order to create the 3D models which were visualized as AR images inside the robotic console. During surgery, AR system was performed overlapping the 3D virtual model over the real anatomy in real time thanks the tile pro technology of Da Vinci Surgical Console. A dedicated assistant performed the hand-assisted overlapping using a 3D mouse. With the AR technology it was possible to hide some elements of the 3D virtual model, from the kidney parecnhyma to the caval wall, increasing the surgeon’s perception of the extension of the thrombus. Perioperative and pathological data were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: 5 patients were prospectively enrolled. Level 0 thrombus was recorded in 3 patients, two patient had level 1 thrombus. Mean lesions size was 75.6 (+21.3) mm. Mean operative time was 123 min (+15 min) with mean IVC clamping time of 9.4 min (+6.8). Mean Estimated blood loss were 750 ml (+150). During the intervention the AR system allowed the surgeon to precisely estimate the correct location of thrombus in all the cases, driving to a more awareness of the surgical strategy. Moreover, no intra- or postoperative complications (>2 according to Clavien-Dindo) were recorded. CONCLUSIONS: In our preliminary experience 3D AR guidance seem to be safe and feasible in correctly estimate the thrombus limits, and able to drive surgeon towards the correct surgical strategy. Source of Funding: None © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e425 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Daniele Amparore More articles by this author Federico Piramide More articles by this author Enrico Checcucci More articles by this author Alberto Piana More articles by this author Gabriele Volpi More articles by this author Paolo Verri More articles by this author Michele Sica More articles by this author Mariano Burgio More articles by this author Giovanni Busacca More articles by this author Martina Mandaletti More articles by this author Andrea Bellin More articles by this author Matteo Manfredi More articles by this author Cristian Fiori More articles by this author Francesco Porpiglia More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...