Auf Der Research Articles

"FAR TOO HEAVY TO BEAR...": THE ARMENIAN GENOCIDE IN CONTEMPORARY GERMAN-LANGUAGE POST-MIGRANT PROSE

The experience of genocide usually locks the mouths of the victims' descendants for two generations. It is usually communicated in the third or grandchildren's generation. The literary expression of this externalization is a prose that oscillates between fiction and factography, which emerged already decades ago in the large Armenian diaspora communities of the USA and France and is now very widespread. Peter Balakian's Black Dogs of Fate and Micheline Aharonian Marcom's genocide trilogy are probably the most internationally known examples. In Germany, the evolution was considerably delayed. There is no quantitatively large Armenian diaspora here. The community of around 60,000 people is also heterogeneous in terms of their countries of origin. Most of them originally came from Turkey; in the meantime, numerous Armenians from the post-Soviet space have joined them. The Young Turks’ genocide of 1915/6 was first addressed in German by authors of Jewish origin, namely Franz Werfel and, after WW2, Edgar Hilsenrath. Since 2019, four novels by authors of Armenian descent have been published: Katerina Poladjan’s Hier sind Löwen (2019), Laura Cwiertnia’s Auf der Straße heißen wir anders (2022), Marc Sinan’s Gleißendes Licht (2023) and Corinna Kulenkamp’'s Aprikosenzeit, dunkel (2023). With the exception of K. Poladjan’s novel, these are all debut novels, which is at the same time indicative of the importance of the topic for the authors. The genre hybridity of these works, which combine the features of family, coming-to-age and travel novels, is likewise characteristic. As a subgenre of German-language post-migrant prose, these novels are about the authors' or their protagonists' confrontation with their hybrid descent from Armenian-German or Turkish-Armenian homes, about identity and belonging, as well as the confrontation with the post-Soviet state of Armenia, which remains alien and incomprehensible to the authors or their protagonists, just as the acceptance of the genocide as an obligation to remember and a legacy seems difficult to bear. In this article, dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the heroic novel The Forty Days of Musa Dagh, I intend to describe the peculiarities and weaknesses of the recent post-genocidal remembrance prose in the German language on the basis of the four novels mentioned above.

“What Is Your Price?”

Abstract This article focuses on the Cold War operation “Retrieval,” a ransoming agreement between West Germany and communist Romania. It engages with the German and Romanian perspectives, as articulated in a volume of documents published by the National Council for the Study of the Securitate Archives (cnsas; 2011) and in one by Heinz Günther Hüsch (2016), the main West German intermediary. It elucidates how cultural representations of the ethnic German exodus from Romania contribute to the understanding of the diverging perspectives of the German and Romanian parties involved in the operation. Herta Müller’s short novel Der Mensch ist ein großer Fasan auf der Welt (1986), Răzvan Georgescu’s documentary film Trading Germans (2014), and Carmen Lidia Vidu’s recent documentary play Humans. For Sale (2022) provide nuanced representations of the operation, while highlighting the human drama that otherwise remains hidden behind numbers, lists, and prices per capita.

How Heroes Are Made. Erich Kästner's The handstand on the Loreley

Erich Kästner's poem Der Handstand auf der Loreley is an intertextual reference to the well-known Romantic ballad Loreley by Heinrich Heine. There are also intertextual links to other works of German literature. Kästner wrote the poem shortly before the Nazis came to power in Germany, as he had recognized the signs of the times: the latent rearmament, but above all the propagandistically prepared, ever more explicitly expressed cult of the hero. The heroization of even the most banal things or people in everyday life was a part of National Socialist propaganda. Kästner wanted to expose this process with his text, but it was already too late.

From Wax Cylinder to Metal Disc: Transplanting Robert Lachmann’s “Oriental Music” Project from Berlin to Jerusalem on the Eve of World War II

Of the multidisciplinary cohort of scholars associated with the Berlin Phonogramm-Archiv in its formative decades, it is Robert Lachmann (1892–1939) who, in his approach to fieldwork and the importance he attached to it, comes closest to adopting the methods of classic ethnomusicology. In April 1935, having been dismissed from his post in the Prussian State Library under the Nazi racial laws, he took up a temporary appointment at the newly founded Hebrew University of Jerusalem with a mission to create an Archive of Oriental Music. He brought with him copies of his entire collection of some 500 wax cylinder recordings held in the Berlin Phonogramm-Archiv. Between 1935 and 1938, Lachmann made 956 recordings on metal disc documenting musical traditions of different "Eastern" communities of Palestine. His writings from this period, however, relied predominantly on research carried over from his Berlin years. The most substantial, and the first to be completed, is his monograph Jewish Cantillation and Song in the Isle of Djerba (Gesänge der Juden auf der Insel Djerba) based on his fieldwork in Djerba in 1929. In this contribution, I argue that Lachmann's pioneering study of this Tunisian Jewish community provided the methodological blueprint for much of his work in Palestine. I focus on his series of 12 radio programs, entitled "Oriental Music," transmitted by the Palestine Broadcasting Service between November 1936 and April 1937. The programs, which feature different groups living in or around Jerusalem, were illustrated by live studio performances by local musicians and singers, simultaneously recorded onto metal disc. In successive lectures, Lachmann presents fundamental ideas about the nature and evolution of musical practices and systems that are explored more fully in his Djerba monograph. Thwarted by inadequate finances and lack of institutional support, Lachmann's work was cut short by his premature death in May 1939 and it fell to his former student, Edith Gerson-Kiwi, to pick up the threads of his project. His collecting activities, together with the comparative vision that informed them, laid the foundations for the work of subsequent generations of ethnomusicologists.

Adjective Lithuanianisms of the Kursenieki Language in Written Sources

In the 15th and 18th centuries, part of the Curonian population moved to the Curonian Spit. The settlers brought their own dialect, which became a separate ethnic minority language when they mixed with Lithuanians, Germans, and descendants of Prussians. It was mainly used in fishing and in fishermen’s homes. It did not have its own script, but various linguists and ethnographers have tried to record it using the scripts of other languages (German, Lithuanian, Latvian). Monuments of the Kursenieki language are sparse. In order to investigate the influence of the Lithuanian language on the adjectival lexis of Kursenieki adjectives from the point of view of etymology, and to examine how the impact of the Lithuanian language on Kursenieki adjectival lexis has changed over the last 150 years, the adjectival inventories of the Kursenieki language at the end of the 19th century, the beginning of the 20th century, and the end of the 20th century are compared in the article. The descriptions of adjectives done by linguists who have studied the Kursenieki language are not exhaustive, as the descriptions of the loanwords of the Kursenieki language from the Lithuanian language tend to focus on nouns and verbs.
 The first dictionary in the study material is Maximilian Voelkel’s dictionary Die lettischen Sprachreste auf der Kurischen Nehrung, published in Tilsit in 1879. Its adjectival inventory is the smallest of the three dictionaries taken as the study material. The second source is a glossary compiled by Juris Plāķis and included as an appendix to his study Kursenieku valoda, published in 1927. The inventory of adjectives in this glossary is the largest. The third glossary was published in 1993 in Christliebe el Mogharbel’s dissertation, Nehrungskurisch. All three dictionaries contain a combined total of 272 adjectival lexemes. The distinction between the borrowings and inheritances was based on the Latvian dictionary (Mīlenbahs ir Endzelīns, 1923–1932), the Lithuanian dictionary (Naktinienė, 2017), and the following criteria: phonomorphological, lexical, formation, semantic, and geographical. A total of 50 lexemes were identified, which can be considered Lithuanianisms. Among them, there are some problematic cases that could be assumed to be Curonisms. In total, nine Slavisms have been identified from the identified Lithuanianisms (since Kursenieki language did not have direct borrowings from Slavic languages, they are classified as Lithuanianisms). Slavisms have been divided into adapted and non-adapted Slavisms. It has been observed that the semantic group of the Christianity discourse is particularly prominent in the adjectival inventory under study.
 In order to better observe the interaction between Lithuanian and Kursenieki languages, additional material from a period older and later than the period under study was taken for comparison – Peter Pallas’ dictionary Linguarum totius orbis Vocabularia comparativa of the late 18th century; and the decoded material of one audio recording recorded by Dalia Kiseliūnaitė at the beginning of the 21st century, collected during expeditions in Sweden.

Семантический аспект деконструкции морали (на материале немецкого языка)

The study aims to determine the semantic features of the transforming morality and its discourse. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the author’s approach to identifying and describing the semantics of morality and moral discourse, taking into account the most typical collocations of the keyword ‘Moral’ acting as a subject. As a result of the study, it was found that metaphors, metaphtonymies and intertextuality serve as the semantic markers of the transforming morality as a subject in the type of discourse under consideration. The analysis of examples of moral discourse, in which ‘Moral’ acts as a subject, has shown that intertextuality is manifested in the use of precedent phenomena in moral discourse referring to moral issues. Aphorisms can undergo formal transformations and receive occasional components without changing the negative axiological vector of moral discourse. It is determined that the sports metaphor ‘auf der Strecke bleiben’, which is based on the metaphorical model LIFE is A SPORTS COMPETITION, is actualised in moral discourse. The conceptual vector of rivalry reflects the real worldview and the place that morality occupies in it: morality appears as a loser, a player who has lost the race, who has conceded victory to politics, art, profit and economic progress. The metaphtonymies ‘Moral verlangt’, ‘Moral herrscht’ have negative evaluativeness. Metaphors and metaphtonymies in moral discourse emphasise the secondary nature of morality at the present stage of societal development.

A Requiem for Fanny: The Final Creative Efforts of Felix Mendelssohn

Felix Mendelssohn entered a state of intense depression and mourning upon hearing that his sister, Fanny Mendelssohn-Hensel passed away in her Leipzig home on May 14, 1847, after suffering a stroke. Composition, a key element of the personal and collegial relationship between Hensel and her brother, served as a necessary outlet for his grief, from the time of Hensel’s death until his own passing only six months later. Communication of grief through music developed substantially throughout the nineteenth century, and this notion of suffering within art collocated with the modern labels for the grieving process created by Elizabeth Kübler-Ross, show how Mendelssohn experienced the four initial stages of grief (denial, anger, bargaining, depression), but died before ever reaching the final (acceptance) stage. While acknowledging ambiguity around Mendelssohn’s intentions for the works, I argue that his final compositions– the String Quartet no 6. In F Minor, and the last two songs from his Sechs Lieder (no. 5, “Auf der Wanderschaft”, and no. 6, “Nachtlied”)–are “requiems for Fanny” that parallel these initial stages of grief.

Voll Hunger und voll Brot: Die Welt des Jura Soyfer 1912–1939 by Dorothy James, and: Full of Hunger and Full of Bread: The World of Jura Soyfer, 1912–1939 by Dorothy James

Reviewed by: Voll Hunger und voll Brot: Die Welt des Jura Soyfer 1912–1939 by Dorothy James, and: Full of Hunger and Full of Bread: The World of Jura Soyfer, 1912–1939 by Dorothy James Vincent Kling Dorothy James, Voll Hunger und voll Brot: Die Welt des Jura Soyfer 1912–1939. Translated from English by Irmtrud Wojak. Bochum: Buxus Edition, 2021. 178 pp. Dorothy James, Full of Hunger and Full of Bread: The World of Jura Soyfer, 1912–1939. Bochum: Buxus Edition, 2021. 164 pp. When Friederike Caroline Neuber ("die Neuberin") ritually banished the figure of ribald Hanswurst and his dialect language from the German stage in 1737 in favor of classics performed in High German, she was supported by writers as eminent as Johann Christoph Gottsched and was later hailed in a memorial as the "Urheberin des guten Geschmacks auf der deutschen Bühne." She was responding to currents of Enlightenment sensibility with its rationalist ethics and its quest for normative social ethics, which declared war on what was judged as lewd vulgarity and low taste. By contrast, it is not possible to understand a brilliant theater phenomenon like Jura Soyfer without realizing that Austrian theater never underwent this "reform." Folk plays, dialect drama, farces and parodies, mixtures of music, dance, and speech, improvisation, and pure spectacle—emphatically lauded by Hofmannsthal—continued in a tradition that was centuries old by the time of Neuber's cleansing action. Plays like Raimund's Der Alpenkönig und der Menschenfeind virtually disappeared in Germany, whereas Nestroy became the acclaimed embodiment and apotheosis of Hanswurst. Ödön von Horváth did not so much revive the folk play as continue its tradition, one that had been lost elsewhere and had to be artificially revived. Even today, theaters like Adi Hirschal's Lustspielhaus present the same kinds of tributes, parodies, and adaptations as did Nestroy. This unbroken tradition was a living entity readily available to Jura Soyfer, who was—in a brief career of inspired creativity—continuing what had come before. With no sharp division between the casualness of the Pawlatschenbühne and the loftiness of the Burgtheater, Soyfer drew on a rich, living heritage in which clowning, innuendo, and double entendre could be deployed as effectively as formal declamation. As Dorothy James reminds us throughout Full of Hunger and Full of Bread, Soyfer was motivated by politics in every phase of his writing; there was never a writer more engagé than he. And while he would not, then, have thought primarily in these historical terms, he was versed enough in theater to provide [End Page 123] helpful hints to a friend who was writing a seminar paper on Raimund (80), and he reflects his tradition at every turn. His "Song of the Comet" (5), which was also requisitioned by Peter Henisch, is a direct rebuttal to the fatalism of the "Kometenlied" in Nestroy's Der böse Geist Lumpazivagabundus. Again, these considerations are not primary in James's study, but they are essential secondary explanations of how a writer still in his teens could emerge as a fully mature, sophisticated talent by tapping into his tradition. They explain, moreover, how Soyfer could be political but not doctrinaire, human rather than ideological, disciplined without regimentation, his vision of the world and of humanity always filled with hope, so much so that he could even turn the infamous phrase "Arbeit macht frei" into a positive statement in his "Dachau Song." As James points out, the song is a final expression of "the freedom that Jura sang throughout his short life, the freedom to be alive in a better world, a better world that human beings must work to build together" (150). Well after the prospects of freedom dimmed in Austria, Soyfer continued to uphold freedom, daunted but not silenced by growing totalitarianism (37–45). Two features make James's book especially successful. She furnishes ample biography but creates cohesion by departing from chronology in favor of coherent analysis by genre and theme. After a brisk overview (13–15), James divides her study into five parts. Each of the first two concentrates on Soyfer's incomplete novel, So starb eine Partei, skillfully tracing background in sections...

Exploiting metabolic vulnerabilities in breast cancers with NF1 loss

Auf der Maur etal.1 identify neurofibromin 1 (NF1) loss as a mechanism of resistance to PI3K inhibitor in breast cancer cells. NF1 loss leads to enhanced glycolysis, which may be targeted with the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC).

Nipple Day

Nipple Day

Ambros Rieder (1771‒1855) and the Art of Preluding

Ambros (or Ambrosius) Mathias Rieder (1771‒1855) is perhaps one of the most underrepresented personalities of the music centre Vienna in the late 18th and first half of the 19th century in contemporary musicological and music-theoretical discourse. Both his achievements as a composer and in the field of music theory are remarkable. In particular, Rieder is to be valued and appreciated as a preserver of the tradition of prelude playing, which became increasingly less important in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. In the course of his life, he not only wrote several theoretical-practical textbooks dealing with this tradition, but with his own compositions he also provided excellent examples for the implementation of the rules presented in his theory books. With his “fugal preludes”, Rieder furthermore made a weighty contribution to the development of the genre.
 With the help of the music theory presented in Riederʼs Anleitung zum Präludiren auf der Orgel oder dem Piano-Forte, Op. 84, Vienna, undated [1826], this text examines the Präludien und Fughetten für die Orgel oder das Pianoforte, Op. 82, Vienna 1826 with regard to harmony, counterpoint and form-determining modulation processes. An almost striking, rarely found interlocking of theory and compositional practice is revealed. Further and more comprehensive studies on this topic are desirable.

AFFIRMATIVE ACTION FOR SOUTH AFRICAN CITIZENS: THE ROLE OF THE DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR

In the Auf der Heyde case the Labour Appeal Court held that in the South African context affirmative action should be limited to South African citizens. In this article the author evaluates the case and concludes that this interpretation by the Labour Appeal Court is acceptable in the historical context of the country. The main focus of the article is on the role of the Department of Labour in this regard. The Department provided certain guidelines concerning the issue of citizenship in the context of affirmative action. These guidelines are important but unfortunately not clear. The author recommends that the Department takes a clear policy decision with a view to ensuring that South African citizens are preferred in terms of affirmative action policies.

Najstaršia banská mapa ešte raz: jej georeferencovanie a analýza

The oldest known map of a mine in what is now Slovakia was drawn in 1568 and represents an adit named Gottes gab. The location of the mine is given only by the description “auf der Jeraba” (at Jarabá in the Low Tatras) and the exact whereabouts of the mine was unknown until recently. This article describes the methodology used to locate the adit using other mining maps of this area produced in the 18th century, which depicted some landmarks making geolocation possible – a toponym, segments of some country roads and two other mine entrances. The mining maps were georeferenced using historical geography, field research and a detailed DTM. The correctness of the georeferencing was validated by checking the scale (using the scale bar) and rotation parameters (comparing the magnetic north indications on the maps to the models of the historical magnetic declination). The second part of the paper contains a new interpretation of a unique feature of the Gottes gab map – a survey field book in tabular form, previously analyzed by Bílek (1967). Using statistical analysis we propose the most feasible formula for calculation of the survey line coordinates from the data table. The problems in this reconstruction of the mine survey line are explained using newer, 18th century maps of the same mine.

Skull and skull base injuries in children and adolescents : Results of amonocentric analysis

The present study comprises aretrospective analysis of skull, skull base, and midface fractures in children, to provide clinical orientation for their management. To date, only few data are available on these injuries in this patient group. Data from inpatient cases diagnosed with amidface, skull, or skull base fracture in the Children's Hospital Auf der Bult from 2015 to 2020 were evaluated. Age, gender, fracture mechanism, diagnosis, treatment, and possible complications were analyzed. Data of 224children were grouped into 107cases with nose fractures, 104cases with skull fractures, 9patients with temporal bone fractures, 4patients with rhinobasal fractures, and 2cases with fractures of the orbital floor. Among patients with nose fractures, the average age was 10.9years (64% males), among patients with skull fractures 1.0year (64% males), and in children with skull base fractures 6.0years (85% males). Falls were the most frequent genesis (63%), followed by car accidents, collisions (25%), and violence (10%). Patients with skull fractures underwent sonography in 94% of cases; in 87% the fracture was verified. Patients with nose fractures underwent x‑ray in 92% of cases, or sonography only in 8%; 95% of patients with nose fractures underwent operative repositioning. Typical fracture signs (i.e., hemotympanum, ophthalmic symptoms) or signs of central nervous system involvement (i.e., nausea, amnesia) occurred in 12 of 13children with skull base fractures, and CT was performed in all these cases (none of whom developed acerebrospinal fluid leak). The imaging modality should be selected based on the clinically suspected diagnosis and the course. Most fractures can be sufficiently treated without any permanent sequelae, except for nose fractures, which frequently require operative repositioning.

Food Fraud auf der Spur

LebensmittelchemieVolume 76, Issue 2 p. 59-64 Analytik Food Fraud auf der Spur First published: 04 April 2022 https://doi.org/10.1002/lemi.202200206AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume76, Issue2April 2022Pages 59-64 RelatedInformation

Andrew James Johnston, Beowulf Global: Konstruktionen historisch-kultureller Verflechtungen im altenglischen Epos. Zürich: Chronos Verlag. 2022, 70 pp.

Abstract An instructor at Berlin’s Free University, who has analyzed “Robin auf der Leinwand” in his Robin Hood: Geschichte einer Legende (Munich 2013) and co-edited The Medieval Motion Picture: The Politics of Adaptation (New York 2014), now focuses on Beowulf. In three lectures (given at Zurich) he deals with its international setting, styled as “tatsächlich kosmopolitisch” (p. 16). The theme is promising, as he relates it to physical entities: a Roman mosaic “auf dem Orpheus abgebildet” (p. 20) at Bath; Sutton Hoo; a sword-hilt described in Beowulf as wyrmfah (“having snake-like ornaments”); and a gold coin (after an Arabic original) of King Offa. But there are problems. Despite a worthy subject and reference to postcolonialism or theories of Derrida and others, nothing ever seems proved.

Biographical Introduction; Theodor Kittelsen's Illustrations; Interpretation and Summary of Contents

The twelfth volume in the series consists of Norsk Høifjeld, a work of prose and poetry written by Theodor Caspari and illustrated by Theodor Kittelsen and several other artists. In the various editions of the work, the aurora borealis figures in Caspari's text as well as in some of Kittelsen's illustrations. The introduction derives from an MA course in Scandinavian literature entitled ‘Dem Polarlicht auf der Spur. Wissenschaftshistorische und kulturwissen­schaftliche Erkundigungen’, given by Marie-Theres Federhofer at Humboldt University Berlin in 2019. The introduction has been written by the student Corinna Hoffmann, the student Lea Meissner, and Per Pippin Aspaas from UiT's University Library. It consists of a brief biographical sketch on Theodor Caspari, an introduction to Theodor Kittelsen's illustrations, and an interpretation and summary of contents of three of the altogether five editions of Norsk Høifjeld that were issued in Theodor Caspari's lifetime.

Paradigm Shift in Treatment Strategies for Second-Degree Burns Using a Caprolactone Dressing (Suprathel®)? A 15-Year Pediatric Burn Center Experience in 2084 Patients.

Thermal injuries represent a highly relevant epidemiologic problem with 11 million individuals affected globally each year, of which around 2.75 million are children. Different approaches to the conservative treatment of second-degree burns have been widely discussed in the existing literature. One method that has attracted increasing attention is the use of caprolactone dressings. This paper describes a study involving the therapeutic management of 2084 pediatric patients suffering from mixed superficial and deep dermal second-degree burns who received comprehensive expert treatment using caprolactone membranes at the pediatric hospital AUF DER BULT. A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the frequency and effect of caprolactone membrane usage on children who were admitted to the pediatric hospital between 2002 and 2016 with mixed second-degree burns. The number of dressing changes under general anesthesia and the requirement for split thickness skin grafting were monitored and recorded. In addition, a cost comparison analysis of different treatment modalities was performed. This retrospective study involved 2084 children who had been treated for mixed superficial and deep dermal burns between 2002 and 2016 using either caprolactone dressing (Suprathel®) (study group; n = 1154) or an alternative dressing material (control group; n = 930). Of the patients in the study group, 91.74% (n = 1053) were treated conservatively compared to 76.05% of the control group patients, meaning that 8.26% (n = 101) of the study group patients required skin grafting, compared to 23.95% (n = 223) in the control group. Additionally, the number of procedures under general anesthesia per patient was found to be 54.3% lower among all patients treated with caprolactone dressing (1.75 procedures per patient) compared to the entire control group (3.22 procedures per patient). In the subgroups, patients treated conservatively with caprolactone dressing required 1.42 procedures per patient compared to 2.25 procedures per patient in patients with alternative wound treatment. When split thickness skin grafting was necessary, 1.2 times as many procedures were performed on patients with alternative dressing compared to those treated with caprolactone dressing. Finally, the cost per patient was considerably lower in the conservative therapy group in comparison to the group that consisted of patients undergoing operative therapy with split thickness skin grafting. Caprolactone dressings were found to be beneficial for children who reported with mixed superficial and deep dermal burns. Specifically, they reduced the need for skin transplantation, the number of dressing changes under general anesthesia, and the treatment costs.

Parent-Child Assessment of Strengths and Difficulties of German Children and Adolescents Born With Esophageal Atresia.

Introduction/Aim: Children and adolescents with a chronic somatic disease have a higher risk of developing psychological disorders than healthy peers. Therefore, we aim to investigate internalizing and behavioral problems in pediatric patients with esophageal atresia (EA) and compare this sample with German reference values using both childrens' self-reports and parents' proxy reports.Methods: The present cross-sectional study is part of the German-Swedish EA-QOL study developing a condition-specific instrument to assess Health-related Quality of Life in children and adolescents born with EA from both self and proxy perspectives. The current analyses use data from the German sample collected within the field test phase. Participants were enrolled from the Medical School Hannover and “Auf der Bult” Children's Hospital, Hannover. The cooperating clinicians provided the medical records while socio-demographic information was collected through the parent-report within the questionnaires. We used the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) to measure internalizing and behavioral problems of children and adolescents born with EA ranging from 2 to 18 years.Results: A total of 51 families participated in the field test phase. Eighty-eight parent reports and 22 child reports were included in the analyses. While the parents' perspective from the SDQ leads to a higher percentage of abnormal or borderline behavior, there is no difference to the reference group from the children's perspective.Conclusion: Incorporating routine psychological assessment into pediatric health care can help improve understanding of the burden of illness, examine treatment outcomes, assess the quality of care, and tailor interventions to meet patient and parent needs. Involving the whole family can help develop appropriate and functional coping strategies. From our point of view, it is necessary to address parental needs and concerns as well in order to provide the best possible holistic development in the family system. The family is the basis for the children's successful development, especially for children with special health care needs.

On ‘Halt!’ and On ‘on’

In this piece, two critics respond to each other about Kafka's brief tale Up in the Gallery. Vivian Liska explores several possible readings of the story correlated with the word ‘Halt!’—its key moment of interruption. She suggests that Kafka calls a halt to straightforwardly political and existentialist interpretations, based as they are on false antitheses, which, she claims, the story performatively undermines. She wonders if this necessarily ends up in a mere literature of intensities or if this subversive effect on thinking in dichotomies constitutes an intervention in the world. Paul North argues that the title, Auf der Galerie, should be read as a mode of being roughly equivalent to the spectator position. He suggests that the tale belongs to Kafka's critiques of the European onto-theological landscape, where the one continually spectates the suffering of the other.