Auditory Brainstem Response Findings Research Articles

Auditory brainstem response findings in autism spectrum disorder speech delay population

ObjectivesEvaluate pediatric auditory brainstem response (ABR) findings in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) after the 2013 DSM-5 update. Study designThis was an IRB-approved, six-year retrospective chart review evaluating ABR results from pediatric patients with speech delay. Diagnosis of ASD and other neurodevelopmental abnormalities were collected for patient stratification. MethodsFrom 2017 to 2023, 148 pediatric patients with speech delay were identified through diagnosis of speech delay and underwent ABR testing. Patients were then separated into two groups: Neurotypical (N = 79) and ASD (N = 69). ABR results were obtained through chart review and waveform and interpeak latency (IPL) results were recorded. Differences in waveform and IPL results were determined via Pearson's chi-square test, with multivariate analysis accounting for race, sex, and age. Results28 patients with ASD (40.6 %) had at least one waveform/IPL prolongation. Analysis showed an increased incidence of waveform III (p = 0.028) and IPL III-V (p = 0.03) prolongation in the ASD group compared to their neurotypical counterparts. Waveform III prolongation was noted more in females with ASD (p = 0.001) than in males. No statistically significant difference when comparing race and age was found, except in the 2–3 age range (p = 0.003). ConclusionsThere were higher percentages of prolongation for all waveforms and IPLs in the ASD group versus neurotypical, though not as high as previously reported. Race and age did not appear to be factors in ABR findings though more data is needed to make clinical associations.

Correlation of Grading and Number of Ear Subunits With Auditory Brainstem Response Findings in Children With Microtia.

The association between microtia severity and hearing function has been thoroughly investigated. This study examined the relationship between microtia grade, number of ear subunits (i.e., helix, antihelix, scapha, triangularis fossa, concha, lobule, tragus, and antitragus) with auditory brainstem response (ABR) findings in children with microtia. A retrospective chart review was employed in this study. We analyzed the ABR test results and photographs of 22 children with 30 microtia ears at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital, Jakarta. The ABR test results were acquired using click (air conduction only) and 500-Hz tone burst stimuli (air- and bone-conduction). Ear photographs were overlaid with a template of a normal ear to determine the number of ear subunits present and the subsequent microtia grade. Number of ear subunits and ABR results were analyzed using the chi-square, Mann-Whitney U, and Spearman's correlation tests. ABR thresholds for click and 500-Hz tone bursts air-conduction were significantly poorer for ears with a subunit < 5 compared to ears with a subunit ≥ 5. No significant difference was observed in 500 Hz bone-conduction ABR thresholds between these groups. Correlation analysis showed a significant negative correlation between increased ear subunits and click ABR thresholds. No significant correlation was found between ear subunits and 500-Hz air- and bone-conduction ABR thresholds. A higher number of ear subunits are associated with a lower hearing threshold, as assessed using ABR with click stimuli. Therefore, the number of ear subunits and microtia grades can be used to examine the hearing level thresholds in infants and children with microtia. https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25669440.

Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder in Individuals with Sickle Cell Anemia: Case Study.

The present study attempted to understand the association between Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) and Sickle cell anemia (SCA) and to recognize possible causative factors for the presence of ANSD in SCA individuals. Two cases, 24 years male and 17years female with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of Sickle cell anemia underwent detailed audiological evaluation i.e., pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry, immittance audiometry, otoacoustic emission, and auditory brainstem responses. Audiological evaluation revealed a bilateral moderate low-frequency sensorineural hearing loss in male and bilateral moderately severe sensorineural Hearing loss in female case with elevated Speech Recognition Threshold and poor Speech Identification Scores. 'A' type tympanogram with the absence of Acoustic reflexes and the presence of Otoacoustic emission with no distinct and reproducible peak V in Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) at 90 dBnHL with the presence of ringing cochlear microphonics on polarity reversal collectively indicating bilateral ANSD in both cases. ANSD and SCA are reported to have a genetic basis of etiology. There might be possibilities that one genetic condition may be common in manifesting both conditions or one genetic condition can cause the presence of another genetic condition or can exaggerate the evolution of another genetic condition. Also, abnormal ABR findings indicate the possibility of neuropathological involvement in isolation or in combination with genetic abnormalities that need detailed investigation to understand non-genetic causative factors. Thus, paved the path for further research in this line and might provide better rehabilitative options.

Auditory Brainstem Response Testing in Children with Speech and Language Pathology: A Non-Randomized Observational Study

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare auditory brainstem response (ABR) findings of normal-hearing preschool children with different types of speech and language pathology. Methods: This retrospective, non-randomized, cohort study was conducted at a tertiary speech and hearing rehabilitation institution according to STROBE guidelines. The study enrolled 123 preschool children diagnosed with speech language pathology and normal hearing. The participants included children with developmental language disorder, autism spectrum disorder, isolated articulation pathology, organic brain lesions, cognitive delay, and a group of very young children with clinically significant speech development delay. All patients underwent standard ABR procedures. Results: The latencies were the longest in the group of children with organic lesion, followed by the group of children with autism spectrum disorder, then the group with developmental language disorder, and the young children group. In the group of children with articulation pathology and the cognitive delay group, the latencies were the shortest. Conclusion: This study showed a connection between several groups of children with language pathology that includes comprehension problems and prolongation of ABR latencies.

Effect of Different Blood Groups on Auditory Brainstem Response Findings

Background and Aim: The human blood group system can have an effect on the health and auditory system. The present study aimed to determine the differences in the Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) recordings among persons with different blood groups (AB, A, B, O). Methods: Sixty adults aged between 18 and 25 years with normal hearing sensitivity took part in the study. Further, they were grouped into four groups based on their blood groups (A, B, AB, O). Each group consisted of 15 participants. Auditory brainstem responses were recorded for all the participants at different rates (11.1/s and 90.1/s). Results: The results of the study showed that the amplitude of ABR waves was significantly reduced for individuals with blood group O at lower repetition rate. The amplitude and latency of wave V was reduced at higher repetition rate among individuals with blood group O. There was no significant difference for all the other parameters across the groups. Conclusion: The result of the study suggests the possibility of lesser auditory nerve functioning and increased risk of cochlear synaptopathy in persons with the O blood group. Keywords: Auditory brainstem response; outer hair cell; auditory nerve; cochlear synaptopathy

Second nationwide survey of bilirubin encephalopathy in preterm infants in Japan

ObjectivesTo determine the clinical features of bilirubin encephalopathy in preterm infants (pBE) in Japan. MethodsWe performed a retrospective, nationwide questionnaire-based survey. The initial survey determined the number of children with pBE who were born after 2000. Using a structured questionnaire, the second survey clarified the clinical manifestations and characteristics of children with pBE, including demographic data, neurological symptoms, and MRI and auditory brainstem response (ABR) findings. ResultsThe initial survey identified 41 pBE infants from 18 institutions. After exclusion of patients included in previous studies, clinical information was collected from 30 patients (21 boys and 9 girls) during the secondary survey. The median gestational age was 26 weeks and the median birthweight was 846 g. Chronic lung disease and symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus were common neonatal complications. Head control was observed in 63% and functional gait in 17% of patients. Purposeful hand use was seen in 57% and verbal communication in 50% of patients. MRI showed T2 hyperintensities in the globus pallidus of 29 of 30 patients. ABR abnormalities were present in 11 of 15 patients. None of the variables were significantly different between the 2017 and 2021 surveys. ConclusionsThe pBE infants had severely impaired gross motor function and relatively preserved manual function and verbal communication. MRI and ABR findings aid in the diagnosis of pBE.

Tympanometric and auditory brainstem response findings among children with down syndrome

Background: The Worldwide prevalence of Down syndrome children with hearing loss is 38–78% with conductive hearing loss accounting for the majority of cases and a documented 20%. Otitis media with effusion (OME) is common in 2-year-olds. Objective: To determine the tympanometric and auditory brainstem response findings among children with Down syndrome. Methodology: Cross sectional observational study was conducted to determine the tympanometric and auditory brainstem response findings among children with Down syndrome on a sample of 98 patients both Male and Female with Non-probability purposive sampling technique. The study was performed at the Children's Hospital and Institute of Child Health in Lahore. The duration of this study was 6 months, from January 2023 to June 2023. Children aged 1 to 6 years were included in this study. A self-structured questionnaire, tympanometry, and auditory brainstem response test were used to accumulate the data. The data was analysed using the SPSS version 24.0 software package. Results: Among the 98 DS patients, there were 52 (70.41%) male patients and 46 (29.59%) female patients. The majority of patients were in the age group 1-3 years, which is 61 (65.31%) in number. From the analysis of the tympanometry test, it was found that the majority of patients had type B tympanograms, which is 55 (56.1%), and type C tympanograms were also shown in 28 (28.6%) patients. Results of BAEP showed that most patients had moderate-degree hearing loss 70 (71.1%) and 15 (15.3%) had normal hearing. Conclusion: This study concluded that the majority of children had moderate degree conductive hearing loss rather than mild to severe degree mixed and sensorineural hearing loss. Key words: Down syndrome, Pediatric Hearing Loss, Tympanometry, Auditory Brainstem Response, Otitis Media with Effusion

Confirmatory Auditory Brainstem Responses Testing Results in Discordant Outcomes: Implications for Timely Care.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate for discrepancies in diagnostic auditory brainstem responses (ABR) between Children's National Hospital (CNH), a pediatric medical center, and outside facilities (OSF) that referred patients to CNH for confirmatory evaluation. Such discrepancies impact early hearing detection and intervention (EHDI) timelines. A retrospective chart review was conducted from an internal database of patients who underwent diagnostic ABR from 2017 to 2021. Only patients with ABR results from both CNH and OSF were analyzed. Demographic data, external and internal test results, and intervention data were obtained. Hearing loss (HL) severity was graded on a scale of 0 to 8, where 0 indicated normal hearing and 8 indicated profound. Each ear was analyzed separately. Forty-nine patients met the inclusion criteria, and each ear was evaluated separately. Median HL severity was 1.0 [0.0, 4.3] at CNH compared to 3.0 [1.8, 6] at OSF (p=0.004). Forty-seven ears (48.0%) showed lower severity at CNH. Twenty-seven patients (55%) received hearing amplification devices. The median age at time of hearing intervention was 220 days. Our results showed statistical significance in the median severity of HL between CNH and OSF. A substantial proportion (70%) of children in our dataset who received amplification via cochlear implant or hearing aids were shown to have discrepancies in ABR findings from CNH and OSF. These findings have implications with regards to the appropriate usage of health care resources and maintaining EDHI timelines. 4 (Retrospective Cohort Study) Laryngoscope, 133:3571-3574, 2023.

Effect of General Anesthesia on Auditory Brainstem Response Testing.

Objective:The auditory brainstem response (ABR) test is usually applied during natural sleep, but it can also be conducted under anesthesia. This retrospective study aimed to compare the ABR findings of a general anesthesia group and a control group that underwent ABR test during natural sleep.Methods:The anesthesia group consisted of 42 (mean age 44.5±20.3 months) children, and the control group included 58 children (36.1±16.1 months). The results of the click ABR test of the two groups were compared in terms of amplitude, latency, interpeak latencies, and hearing thresholds.Results:The amplitudes of waves III and V were significantly decreased in the general anesthesia group compared with that in the control group. The ABR latencies of waves I and V and the interpeak latencies for I-V and III-V were prolonged in the anesthesia group compared with that in the control group. Moreover, the click threshold obtained in the anesthesia group was significantly higher than those of the control group.Conclusions:Clinicians and audiologists should advise families to know the effects of general anesthesia on ABR and be cautious in interpreting the results obtained in ABR test performed under anesthesia.

Effects of Ambient Acoustic Noise on Auditory Brainstem Response to Level-Specific Chirp and Click Stimuli in Normal-Hearing Adults.

Despite few reports on the influence of ambient acoustic noise on auditory brainstem response (ABR) to click stimuli, its effects on ABR to level-specific (LS) stimuli have not been systematically investigated. This study aimed to investigate the influence of ambient acoustic noise on ABR findings using both LS chirp and click stimuli. Twelve normal-hearing adults participated in this repeated measure design study. The ABRs were acquired at 80, 50, and 30 dBnHL using two stimuli (LS chirp and click) under two conditions (quiet and noise). The ABRs under noise conditions were acquired using babble noise and white noise. The noise level was set at 55 dBA. Two-way repeated measure analysis was used to identify the main effects of the test conditions, stimulus types, and their interactions at a 95% confidence level. No significant influence of ambient acoustic noise on ABR findings was identified at all intensity levels. No significant difference was found in the number of signal averages to reach the 0.04 μV residual noise as stopping criteria among the ABRs recorded with different types of stimuli and test conditions. The ABR waves I and V amplitudes were larger with LS chirp than with click stimulus. Ambient acoustic noise has no significant influence on ABR findings and the ABR test time based on the 55 dBA noise level used in this study.

Auditory brainstem response in unilateral tinnitus patients: does symmetrical hearing thresholds and within-subject comparison affect responses?

In recent studies, cochlear synaptopathy has been suggested as a potential pathophysiology mechanism for tinnitus, which occurs in individuals with normal hearing thresholds. Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) is a noninvasive method frequently used in the literature to evaluate cochlear synaptopathy in tinnitus patients. However, possible factors such as high-frequency pure-tone hearing thresholds, age, gender, and head characteristics that may affect ABR were not considered sufficiently in previous studies. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate tinnitus ears and non-tinnitus ears with ABR in unilateral chronic tinnitus patients with symmetrical hearing. Twenty unilateral chronic tinnitus patients having normal pure-tone average with symmetrical hearing thresholds was included in the study. Subjects were evaluated with 0.25-16kHz pure-tone audiometry, Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) and ABR were administered. All ears were evaluated monaurally using click stimuli at 80dB nHL, alternating polarity (21.1 rate/s, 2000 sweeps). Wave I amplitude of the ABR and the ratio of III/I, V/I, and V/III wave amplitudes from tinnitus ears was higher than non-tinnitus ears. At the same time, there was a positive correlation between THI and V-I and V-III interpeak latency range, and a negative correlation between V/III wave amplitude ratio. ABR can be used as an evaluation method to provide evidence that the neural organizations of individuals with chronic tinnitus differ in certain regions in their auditory pathways. The correlation between THI and ABR findings suggests that there may be a connection between tinnitus distress and the neural organization of the auditory system.

Prevalence, risk factors, and audiological characteristics of auditory neuropathy

Objective The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, risk factors, and audiological characteristics of auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) in the pediatric population. Design A retrospective review of medical charts was conducted for children visiting two hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Study Sample Medical records of 1025 patients with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) were reviewed. We analyzed the databases for results of audiological examinations, risk factors, and outcomes of intervention including hearing aid (HA) and cochlear implantation (CI). Results Out of 1025 children with SNHL, 101 patients (9.85%) were identified to have ANSD. Audiological characteristics of the ANSD group revealed a severe-to-profound degree of hearing loss, all showed type A tympanogram and absent reflexes, absent auditory brainstem response (ABR) findings with present cochlear microphonic while otoacoustic emissions were absent in 54.5% of patients. The most prevalent risk factors for ANSD in this group were family history of hearing loss, consanguinity, hyperbilirubinemia, and low birth weight. Pure tone and speech detection thresholds improved significantly with CI compared to HA use in this sample of patients with ANSD. Conclusion This study shows that ANSD is not extremely rare among Saudi children with severe to profound hearing loss, with a prevalence of 9.85%.

Speech ABR Findings in Auto Rickshaw Drivers Exposed to Occupational Noise.

Most of the persons with noise exposure will have clinically normal hearing threshold while experiencing reduced speech comprehension. The motive of this study is to assess the impact of occupational noise on the encoding of speech stimuli in the auditory system in the auto-rickshaw drivers and compare the auditory brainstem responses (ABR) using speech stimuli with that of controls. The study was done in experimental design, where speech evoked ABR was measured in 21 auto-drivers who were continuously exposed to higher levels of occupational noise, and they were compared to the results of 37 individuals who were not exposed to noise. Speech ABR was administered in both the groups and the absolute latencies and amplitudes of the peaks V, A, C, D, E, F and O were compared. The results revealed that there is a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in the latency of peak V (F(1,32) = 6.13, p < 0.05, = 0.12) and peak A (F(1,32) = 4.03, p < 0.05, = 0.08) between the control and experimental group. Similarly, there was a statistically significant difference seen in the amplitude of peak D (F(1,32) = 6.38, p < 0.05, = 0.12) and peak F (F(1,32) = 7.97, p < 0.05, = 0.15). Acknowledging how the speech signals are coded in the brainstem may aid in the timely detection and intervention of hearing-related issues, even in individuals having normal hearing acuity. The results indicate that there is damage at the level of the brainstem which will lead to poor speech understanding in those who are exposed to occupational noise. These indicators are present even before routine audiometry indicates a hearing loss.

Auditory brainstem response in preterm infants with bilirubin encephalopathy

AimTo clarify auditory brainstem response (ABR) in preterm infants with bilirubin encephalopathy and the relationships between ABR and clinical variables. MethodWe retrospectively reviewed the ABR waveforms of 56 preterm infants with BE and graded them as “no response”, “abnormal interwave separation”, or “normal”. Patient backgrounds, the peak total bilirubin level, the bilirubin/albumin ratio, verbal communication ability, and newborn hearing screening test results from an automated ABR evaluation had been collected during an earlier nationwide survey. ResultsThe frequency of abnormal ABR findings decreased with age. Verbal communication tended to be poorer in patients with more severe ABR abnormalities. ABR findings improved in 7 of 29 infants with available serial ABR data. Both gestational age and the peak total bilirubin level were relatively lower in patients with than in those without improved ABR findings. Newborn hearing screening using automated ABR evaluation yielded data consistent with manual ABR findings in 16 of 20 patients who underwent both examinations. ConclusionsABR abnormalities in preterm infants with bilirubin encephalopathy may improve over time, especially in those with a lower gestational age and peak total bilirubin level. Newborn hearing screening using automated ABR may fail to detect abnormalities in some infants.

Association between ABO blood group status and cochlear/neural function: auditory brainstem response findings

Background ABO blood group status may be a risk factor for some diseases, including hearing loss. Individuals with blood group O show a higher prevalence of hearing loss after industrial noise exposure. Group O individuals with normal hearing show reduced amplitudes in otoacoustic emission recordings. Whether blood group status affects auditory brainstem responses (ABR), which reflect cochlear hair cell and auditory nerve bioelectric activity, is unclear. Aims/objectives To compare cochlear and peripheral neural function across ABO blood groups by recording cochlear microphonic (CM) and wave I ABR responses. Material and methods Sixty normal-hearing young adults, with 15 participants from each blood group, completed 70 dB nHL click stimulus ABR measures. CM amplitude, wave I amplitude and wave I latency data were obtained for both ears. One-way ANOVA tests compared results across the ABO groups. Results A statistically significant difference for wave I peak-to-peak amplitudes across the four groups was found. Post-hoc comparisons revealed group O had significantly reduced wave I amplitudes compared to group A participants. A consistent trend of reduced CM amplitudes and prolonged wave I latencies was shown in group O participants. Conclusions and significance Emerging evidence exists that ABO blood group status may influence auditory function.

Auditory sensory gating in Huffaz using an auditory brainstem response with a psychological task: A preliminary investigation

ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the auditory sensory gating capacity in Huffaz using an auditory brainstem response (ABR) test with and without psychological tasks. MethodsTwenty-three participants were recruited for this study. The participants were comprised of 11 Huffaz who memorized 30 chapters of the Islamic Scripture (from the Quran) and 12 non-Huffaz as the control group. All participants had normal hearing perception and underwent an ABR test with and without psychological tasks. The ABR was elicited at 70 dB nHL using a 3000 Hz tone burst stimulus with a 2-0-2 cycle at a stimulus repetition rate of 40 Hz. The ABR wave V amplitude and latencies were measured and statistically compared. A forward digit span test was also conducted to determine participants’ working memory capacity. ResultsThere were no significant differences in the ABR wave V amplitudes and latencies between Huffaz and non-Huffaz in ABR with and without psychological tasks. There were also no significant differences in the ABR wave V amplitudes and latencies in both groups of ABR with and without psychological tasks. In addition, no significant differences were identified in the digit span working memory score between both groups. ConclusionsIn this study, based on the ABR findings, Huffaz showed the same auditory sensory gating capacity as the non-Huffaz group. The ABR result was consistent with the digit span working memory test score. This finding implies that both groups have similar working memory performance. However, the conclusion is limited to the specific assessment method that we used in this study.

Auditory Brainstem Response in Preterm Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

To analyze auditory brainstem response (ABR) findings of preterm and term infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) with perinatal problems. Case series with chart review. Secondary care hospital. Analysis consisted of a consecutive series of 101 infants (69 preterm and 32 term) admitted in the NICU of Hospital Fernando Fonseca between 2016 and 2018 with perinatal problems who underwent an ABR evaluation. The major perinatal problems identified were hyperbilirubinemia, intravenous gentamicin >5 days, mechanical ventilation >5 days, congenital cytomegalovirus infection, meningitis, and periventricular hemorrhage. Gentamicin use significantly increased the absolute latency of wave I in preterm infants (95% CI, 0.01-0.37; P = .037). Mechanical ventilation significantly decreased the latency of wave V and intervals I-V and III-V in preterm infants (95% CI, -0.35 to -0.22; P = .026; 95% CI, -0.33 to -0.00; P = .001; 95% CI, -0.46 to 0.12; P = .049). Congenital cytomegalovirus significantly decreased interval III-V in preterm infants (95% CI, -0.36 to -0.01; P = .042).Multivariate analysis revealed that gentamicin use, lower gestational age, and lower birth weight predicted an increased ABR threshold in preterm infants (95% CI, 1.64-15.31; P = .016; 95% CI -1.72 to -0.09; P = .030; 95% CI, -14.55 to -0.63; P = .033). ABR measurements in term infants were not significantly altered, with the exception of an increased latency of wave III with a lower gestational age (95% CI, -0.49 to -0.01; P = .038). These findings suggest that perinatal problems in the NICU significantly impair the ABR threshold and the auditory pathway maturational process in preterm but not term infants.

A nationwide survey of bilirubin encephalopathy in preterm infants in Japan

ObjectivesTo examine the clinical characteristics of bilirubin encephalopathy in preterm infants (pBE) in Japan. MethodsWe performed a two-step nationwide questionnaire survey. The initial survey determined the number of children with pBE. Using a structured questionnaire, the second survey clarified the clinical manifestations and characteristics of children with pBE, including the perinatal history, neonatal complications, neurological features, verbal communication, diet, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and auditory brainstem response (ABR) findings. ResultsThe initial survey included 190 pBE infants, indicating an incidence of approximately 10 per year. Clinical information was available for 142 of them. The median gestational age was 26 weeks and the median birthweight was 883 g. As to neonatal complications, 20% had none, 25% had one complication, 54% had two or more. Head control was observed in 45% and functional gait in 8%. Purposeful hand use was seen in 41% of patients and verbal communication in 40%. MRI showed T2 hyperintensities in the globi pallidi in 111 of 136 patients, especially between 7 and 18 months of corrected age. ABR abnormalities were present in 88 of 117 patients. ConclusionspBE was infrequent but constantly observed during the study period, especially in very preterm infants, even in those with no severe neonatal complications. Severely impaired gross motor function and relatively preserved manual function and verbal communication were characteristic. MRI and ABR abnormalities will facilitate diagnosis.

Test-Retest Reliability of Level-Specific CE-Chirp Auditory Brainstem Response in Normal-Hearing Adults.

Background and ObjectivesThere is growing interest in the use of the Level-specific (LS) CE-Chirp® stimulus in auditory brainstem response (ABR) due to its ability to produce prominent ABR waves with robust amplitudes. There are no known studies that investigate the test-retest reliability of the ABR to the LS CE-Chirp® stimulus. The present study aims to investigate the test-retest reliability of the ABR to the LS CE-Chirp® stimulus and compare its reliability with the ABR to standard click stimulus at multiple intensity levels in normal-hearing adults.Subjects and MethodsEleven normal-hearing adults participated. The ABR test was repeated twice in the same clinical session and conducted again in another session. The ABR was acquired using both the click and LS CE-Chirp® stimuli at 4 presentation levels (80, 60, 40, and 20 dBnHL). Only the right ear was tested using the ipsilateral electrode montage. The reliability of the ABR findings (amplitudes and latencies) to the click and LS CE-Chirp® stimuli within the same clinical session and between the two clinical sessions was calculated using an intra-class correlation coefficient analysis (ICC).ResultsThe results showed a significant correlation of the ABR findings (amplitude and latencies) to both stimuli within the same session and between the clinical sessions. The ICC values ranged from moderate to excellent.ConclusionsThe ABR results from both the LS CE-Chirp® and click stimuli were consistent and reliable over the two clinical sessions suggesting that both stimuli can be used for neurological diagnoses with the same reliability.

Complex Auditory Brain Stem Response and Electroencephalography Findings in Stuttering Children

Complex Auditory Brain Stem Response and Electroencephalography Findings in Stuttering Children