Audiovisual Method Research Articles

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE DEMONSTRATION METHOD AND AUDIO-VISUAL METHOD ON ADOLESCENT KNOWLEDGE ABOUT BREAST SELF-EXAMINATION

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most frequent type of cancer in women, and it is one of the major causes of mortality. Efforts should be made to prevent breast cancer by using the breast self-examination (BSE) method of early diagnosis. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the demonstration and audio visual methods on adolescent knowledge about breast self-examination at SMA Pertiwi 1 Jambi City, Indonesia. Methods. This study is a quasi-experimental study using a two-group pretest-posttest design at the private high school Pertiwi 1 Jambi City, involving 122 participants divided into two groups. Group 1 consisted of 61 participants given BSE material by demonstration, while group 2 consisted of 61 participants given material using audio-visual media. Data processing in this study used univariate and bivariate analysis, and the statistical test used was the Wilcoxon test. Results. The results showed that there was an increase in students’ knowledge about BSE after the demonstration with p-value < 0.0001, and displayed audio-visually with p-value < 0.0001. Conslusion: demonstration and audiovisual methods proved effective in increasing adolescent knowledge about breast self-examination at at SMA Pertiwi 1 Jambi City, Indonesia.

Pembuatan Video Edukasi Vaksinasi Covid-19 Pada Civitas Akademika Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram

Vaccine is a biological product that used to stimulate the production of antibodies and provide immunity against infectious disease. In he beginning of 2021, Indonesia has started vaccination program for COVID-19. The main purpose of the program is to prevent the massive spread of corona virus, which has caused pandemic since December2019. There are some steps of vaccination program based on the community target. Muhammadiyah University of Mataram as a formal educational institution that gives public service to society is included in the second step of vaccination. However, the variety of field at the institution causes the knowledge differences about vaccine. Therefore, education to help civitas academics to understand more about vaccine was needed. Education was done by audio visual method or video. The videos were made with two language, Indonesian and English. Some contents that included in the video were vaccine definition, type of vaccine, vaccine’s mechanism of action, vaccine’s benefit, COVID-19 vaccine, the possible effects after getting COVID-19 vaccine and how to overcome them. The videos was uploaded in the internet and distributed online to che civitas academics. Through this video, it is hoped that the civitas academics can understand the importance of their participation in COVID-19 vaccine.

Increasing knowledge and attitudes of adolescents related to sexual and reproductive health by using audio-visual media during the covid-19 pandemic

Adolescence is a developmental stage from the transition to adulthood. A cognitive problem that affects adolescence namely the lack of knowledge about reproductive health. The purpose of this study was to explain the effectiveness of health education using audio-visual methods on students' knowledge and attitudes about adolescent reproductive health during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research uses a quasi-experimental design. The results obtained from the 75 respondents who filled out the questionnaire showed that the attitude of the students on the pre-test score was 60,00 and the post-test was 63,45, whereas the students' knowledge on the pre-test score was 15,89 and the post-test is 17,20. From the results of the research carried out with the Wilcoxon test that the Asymp. Sig (2-tailed) is worth 0,0001 where the value is less than <0.005, therefore the hypothesis was accepted. Using audiovisual media is that it will add more real material content and will increase memory retention due to media that is much interesting and easy to remember by the individual, factors that can influence knowledge and attitudes related to reproductive and sexual health in adolescents are knowledge, attitudes and the individual's environment in processing the information obtained. Therefore there is a significant effect of health education with audiovisual methods on increasing the knowledge and attitudes of adolescents related to reproductive and sexual health.

Implementasi Metode STEAM Berbasis Media Audio Visual dalam Meningkatkan Aspek Kognitif pada Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini

Abstark. Implementation of Audio Visual Media-Based STEAM Method in Improving Cognitive Aspects in Early Childhood Education. This study aims to describe the implementation of the STEAM method based on audio-visual media in improving cognitive aspects in early childhood. This research method uses a qualitative approach with a qualitative descriptive type of research. The results of this study show that the Audio Visual Media-based STEAM method in Improving Cognitive Aspects in Early Childhood Education in Kindergarten is able to improve children's cognitive development. In addition, audio-visual media is not only as a prop but also as a carrier of information or teaching messages to children.

EP.TU.702Role of cadaveric dissections in current medical education

Abstract Introduction Today’s digital world has surplus educational resources for the students. Medical curriculum has changed the traditional way of teaching to audio-visual methods. Learning anatomy has changed from cadaveric dissection to specimen models, life models and three-dimensional models, which has raised questions as to whether cadaver dissection should be continued. Multimodel Approach Computer software with 3-D models is a useful tool for the beginners (Silen et al., 2008). Didactic lectures provide easy steps to be followed during dissection. Body paintings explain the surface anatomy in an appropriate way. Online videos are user friendly and personalized, so that one could review them repeatedly. Finally, live demonstration in theatre explains the structures and relations, with the flaws of only limited students benefited Pros Cadaver dissection creates interest to explore and learn detailed anatomy, to gain everlasting knowledge blending the theoretical knowledge with the practical and to involve in research. In addition, students develop the art of team work building their interpersonal skills. Cons Unpleasant smell of the formalin preserved cadaver, limited opportunities for everyone to learn, inadequate fund, inexperienced staff and psychological distress (Evans and Fitzgibbon, 1992). Conclusion Cadaveric dissection is a better method of learning (Winkelmann, 2007). Students understanding subjects precisely, make them better clinicians. Other teaching methods could be used as supplements. Recommendations Organize different teaching techniques helping diversity of students to learn anatomy based on their learning styles. Use of advanced technology like real time pictures, videos and imaging modalities to learn anatomy (Swamy and Searle, 2012).

5.Q. Workshop: Participatory health research with refugees: Voices, experiences, and methodologies

The workshop addresses important deficits in public health discourses: a) Refugees are talked about too often and heard too seldom; b) they are the subject of research, but seldom the beneficiaries. Participatory methodologies offer an alternative. Involving refugees as research partners provides an opportunity to share the epistemic power of defining and interpreting reality. Research partners are valued for their skills, knowledge, resources and experience. Furthermore, collaborations aim to both understand and change reality so that communities may also benefit. In practice, participatory health research employs a variety of methods, including narrative, art-based and audio-visual methods. For example, photovoice combines visual data and group discussion: Members of a community take photos of their living environments, discuss them in a group process and analyse their situation to initiate change. Pictures and stories constitute the experiential ground from which new knowledge is gained, criticism is voiced and changes are proposed. When using such tools, it becomes tangible how legal restrictions as well as limited access to health care, education and the labor market decrease the health chances of refugees. Everyday experiences of uncertainty, racism and exclusion (e.g. through housing in segregated camps) pose substantial risks. On the other hand, individual and collective agency exists despite these adverse circumstances. The workshop aims to bring together community partners and researchers to discuss participatory health research with refugees and migrant populations based on three examples from Germany: 1) a photovoice project with refugees in Munich describes the Bavarian camps and shelters from within, showing in pictures and words how they make you sick; 2) a participatory project with female refugees in Hannover shows how digital health promotion through video and social media is developed in times of COVID-19; 3) a participatory project applying community mapping with injecting drug users in Dortmund illustrates how knowledge can be co-created to better tailor harm reduction services to refugee and migrant groups. The first two presentations are part of a research collaboration on “Vulnerability and empowerment: Participatory approaches to health promotion with refugees” (EMPOW), funded by the German Research Foundation (2019-2022). The third presentation is based on a community-based project on participation, drug use and migration (PaSuMi) funded by the German Ministry of Health (2017-2020). The presentations provide a chance to get inspired by the voices and experiences of community partners and learn from their experience. The benefits and also the challenges of engaging in participatory methodologies are discussed in small groups with workshop participants. A digital forum (chat/padlet) will accompany the workshop to enable further interaction, commentary, and networking during and beyond the conference.Key messages Refugees are important partners in research on refugee health.Through participatory methods, the lived experience of refugees constitutes a meaningful starting point for knowledge production and health promotion.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Three Oral Health Education Interventions in Maintaining Oral Hygiene of Cerebral Palsy Children

Introduction: Cerebral palsy [CP] is a group of neuromuscular disorders which affects the development of movement and posture, limiting normal functional activity. Thus, it is presumed to establish an early contact with CP children to diagnose oral diseases and to introduce certain preventive home care measures to maintain good oral health. This study was conducted to check the effectiveness of three different oral health education modalities among cerebral palsy patients.
 Methodology: A cross-sectional interventional study was conducted among 60 Cerebral Palsy children aged 8 to 15 years from the selected residential schools for neurodevelopmental disabilities of Vadodara. Participants from a particular school were divided randomly into 3 groups based on different oral health education modalities. Group A: These children and their caretaker were given normal verbal instruction on how to brush their teeth by Fone’s technique on a one-to-one basis. Group B: These children and their caretaker were given a tooth brushing demonstration on a tooth model. Group C: These children and their caretaker were shown an audiovisual clip showing how to brush. The oral hygiene practice was reinforced every visit. OHI-S index was recorded on the day of the demonstration, 7 days and 14 days by the principal investigator, and analyzed.
 Results: The audio-visual method group showed a marked reduction in the OHI-S score measured from baseline to day 14 when compared to the verbal and model group that is 1.76±0.96 when compared to other two groups that are group A with OHI-S score 2.36±0.96 and GROUP B with OHI-S score 2.51±0.87. The confidence of the interval was -CI=0.044-1.470. The results were the statistically significant result. (p value<0.035)Also, Group C showed a significant reduction in the DI scores as compared to the other two groups.
 Conclusion: The audiovisual method with brushing video can be effectively used to maintain the good oral hygiene and gingival health of children with Cerebral Palsy. The audiovisual method helps to overcome their motor difficulties and their limited ability to perform dental plaque control.

Effectiveness of Audio-Visual on Male and Female Students’ Academic Performance in Social Studies

Technology development in the modern era assists teachers in creating a collaborative learning environment. Despite the effectiveness of audio-visual materials in teaching and learning, there are still some hinderances in its usage. This study investigated the effects of audio-visual aids on students’ academic performance in social studies in junior secondary schools. This study is an experimental study and the sample comprised of 50 junior secondary schools. The audio-visual was in powerpoint format with concepts of marriage as material of the social studies. Students were given test questions after been taught with the Audio-visual and the results of the test are indicators of their academic performance. Analysis of the data was carried out using analysis of t-test analysis. The findings established that audio-visual aids had positive effect on students’ performance and there is no significant difference between the performance of male and female students taught using audio-visual aids. This study concluded that audio-visual method of teaching had positive effect on student's academic performance. Thus, this implies that the conventional method of teaching is less effective and performance oriented. It was however recommended that adequate supervision, monitoring and the use of audio-visual in teaching social studies by teachers of the schools should be encouraged and given adequate attention.

PENERAPAN METODE DEMONTRASI BERBANTUAN MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PERHATIAN DAN PRESTASI BELAJAR

This study aims to describe the application of demonstration methods assisted by Audio Visual media to increase student attention and learning achievement. The research conducted was Classroom Action Research which was carried out in three cycles, each cycle through the stages of planning, implementation, observation and reflection. The subjects of the study were grade VI students of SD Negeri 36 Lahat. The instruments used were observation sheets and test sheets. Data collection techniques by observation and test, while the experimental class only tested the demonstration method. Data analysis was performed using a t test and a classical average value. Based on the analysis of the data of this study it was concluded that (1) The application of an audio visual assisted demonstration method can increase student attention; (2) The application of an audio visual assisted demonstration method can improve student learning achievement; (3) There is an effective use of audio visual assisted demonstration methods to improve student achievement in natural science subjects grade VI at 36 Public Schools in Lahat

‘Islands of Sound in the Silent Flow of Film’: German Part-Talkies Around 1930 as a Hybrid Medium

Looking at the German production and reception context, this article argues for increased attention to part-talkies as a transitional phenomenon and hybrid medium in film history. Part-talkies are films that alternate between silent and sound film sequences, creating ‘changes in register’, ruptures and ambiguities, which point to the unevenness and duration of cinema’s conversion to sound. The article presents several types of part-talkies and other hybrid films from around 1930, giving reasons for their marginalization in film historiography and the need for a critical and non-judgmental examination of their cultural, economic, and aesthetic implications. As a look at contemporary reviews in German trade papers reveals, part-talkies were the subject of heterogeneous debates on film aesthetics, in which differing views on their artistic value clashed. Furthermore, an exemplary historical analysis of the German part-talkie Cyankali (Cyanide) (dir. Hans Tintner, 1930) shows how the film’s hybridity resulted from its production history and became the focus of contemporary censorship debates. A close reading of some of the film’s sound sequences brings to the fore the complex audiovisual methods operating in the film, especially at moments of transition.

Health Education With Audiovisual Media and Relaxation Massage in Lowering Blood Pressure and Improved Sleep Quality for the Elderly

Intruduction: The aging process results in a progressive decline in physiological functions with age, including a decrease in productivity. Hypertension is a major problem in public health in Indonesia and in developing countries. Hypertension is a common cause of disturbed sleep patterns, due to structural and functional changes in the peripheral vascular system. The purpose of this study was the effect of health education with audiovisual methods and relaxation massage to reduce blood pressure and sleep quality disorders in the elderly. Materials and Methods: Experimental research (community trial) with pretest-posttest control group design. The target population in this study is the elderly who are included in the elderly age group, namely > 50 years in Selemadeg District, Tabanan Regency. The sample size is 90 elderly, determined based on the results of previous studies with a standard deviation (σ) = 0.51, the difference in the mean of cognitive changes (μ1- 2) = 0.30. divided into two groups, the treatment group and the control group. The independent variable is health education using audiovisual media and Relaxation Massage and the dependent variable is blood pressure. Data collection tools in the form of sphygmomanometer, observation sheet. Data analysis used independent t-test, paired t-test and Multivariate ANOVA test. Result: The blood pressure of the treatment group before the intervention mostly had grade I hypertension (53.3%), and after the intervention most of the blood pressure improved to normal (57.8%), and this result was statistically significant (0.000). In the treatment group before the intervention, many had poor sleep quality (46.7%), and after the intervention improved sleep quality in the good category (53.3%), and this result was statistically significant (0.000). Conclotion: It is concluded that the provision of health education with audiovisual methods and massage relaxation can reduce blood pressure and improve sleep quality in the elderly.

Pengaruh metode audio visual terhadap minat belajar dan hasil belajar Bahasa arab di Mts Negeri 2 Samarinda

This study aims to determine the effect of the audio-visual method on learning interest and learning outcomes of Arabic at MTs Negri 2 Samarinda.The type of research used in this research is a quantitative approach, The results showed that the audio-visual method influenced students' learning interest. It is known from the results of the research interest in learning Arabic through a questionnaire obtained a sig value (2-tailed = 0.000) < 0.025, and for the Arabic language test the post test value obtained a sig value (2-tailed = 0.000) < 0.025 ha is accepted and rejected so it is concluded there is a relationship/correlation between the audio-visual method and the interest in learning Arabic at MTs Negeri 2 Samarinda

Peningkatan Kemampuan Bahasa Inggris Siswa Kelas III SMA Islam Terpadu Al-Kamal NW dengan Metode Audio-Visual

This service activity aims at training the English ability of the third grade students of SMA Islam Terpadu Al-Kamal NW in Narmada. This service is to solve the lack of human sources in English teachers in this school in which the headmaster plans to encourage students’ ability in English speaking. It is conducted for three months started from March to May in 2021. To implement the service, the team makes some stages consisting of planning, coordination, preparation, training, and evaluation. In training, the audio-visual method is used to increase the students’ ability in mastering English. The results shows that the average score of all students are 74 for pronunciation, 73 for fluency and 72.94 for grammar. The average score indicate that their ability in English mastery is quite good and need to be developed for further. Thus, team expects that this service run continuously and get supports from related stakeholders.

Effectiveness of the Use of Manual and Electric Toothbrushes and the Effect of Educational Brushing Teeth with Video Animation on OHI-S Children with Down syndrome

Background: Down Syndrome children have better ability in capturing instructions visually. The audio-visual learning method can be applied to Down Syndrome children. Electric toothbrushes were made to make it easier for them to brush their teeth, besides those electric toothbrushes have a handle that is comfortable to hold and control. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of electric and manual toothbrushes on Down Syndrome children OHI-S scores and determine the effect of education on tooth brushing with animated videos on Down Syndrome children OHI-S scores. Methods: Subjects of the study were 34 Down Syndrome children aged 6-19 years in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. OHI-S scores were recorded before and after the subjects were educated to brush their teeth with animated videos or dental phantoms. OHI-S scores were also recorded before and after the subjects brushed their teeth using manual toothbrushes or electric toothbrushes. Results: The test results Independent T-test (p> 0.05) showed there was no significant difference between tooth brushing using a manual toothbrush and an electric toothbrush to the decline of OHI-S score of Down Syndrome children. The results of the Mann-Whitney statistical test were p> 0.05, that there was no significant difference in the reduction in OHI-S scores between Down Syndrome children who were educated with animated videos and dental phantoms. Conclusion: There was no significant difference between manual toothbrushes and electric toothbrushes and there was no significant influence of Down Syndrome OHI-S children who were educated with animated videos or dental phantoms.

Contextual Fit of a Family Evidence-Based Intervention for Preventing Youth Alcohol Use in Mexico.

Reducing youth alcohol use is a public health priority that can be addressed by implementing evidence-based preventive interventions (EBPIs) with high fidelity. However, when EBPIs are delivered in a new geographical setting, lack of contextual fit might interfere with expected effects. The purpose of our study was to understand the contextual fit of the family preventive program, Guiding Good Choices (GGC), to inform its future adaptation in Zacatecas, Mexico. Four focus groups were conducted with parents of children aged 9-14years (N = 43) from four private companies. After transcribing audiotaped sessions, we used a general inductive approach to obtain codes and derive themes. Parents expressed a high level of interest in program content, highlighting its potential to decrease underage drinking in Mexico. Surface-structure modifications of program audiovisual materials (e.g., new videos with Mexican actors and locations) and delivery methods were recommended by parents to maximize participant acceptability and engagement. Participant definitions of family and perception of family dynamics both support the cultural relevance of the program modules and activities related to this content. Underage drinking was acknowledged by parents as a major problem in Zacatecas. Our findings suggest a need for incorporating an extra session that focuses on addressing low alcohol literacy levels and parents' positive alcohol expectancies. Machismo was not considered a cultural factor that could affect attendance and program activities. In fact, we observed an opportunity to use local masculinity to ensure practice of parental skills at home. Due to the needs expressed by participants and the apparent compatibility and fit of the curriculum contents with the new context, we conclude that GGC could be an adequate EBPI for preventing underage drinking in Mexico.

Pembelajaran Fikih Berbasis Audio-Visual Sebagai Media Dalam Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar Siswa Di MA Nurul Yaqin Situbondo

This study aims to analyze the use of audio-visual media in improving student learning achievement in fiqh learning at MA Nurul Yaqin Situbondo. The form of this research is classroom action research using the Kut Lewin model. The study was conducted in two cycles with four steps in one cycle, namely planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. Data collection techniques using observation, in-depth interviews, performance appraisal and documentation. The data were analyzed by using qualitative and quantitative descriptive techniques. The results showed that there was an increase in the learning achievement of students in fiqh learning using the audio-visual method. The value of the success of students in cycle I and cycle II classically with a percentage of completeness in the pre-cycle (before) audio-visual learning was carried out by 48%, in cycle I the implementation of audio-visual learning the percentage of student completeness increased to 72% and there needs to be an increase with implementation cycle II because it is still less 80%. In the second cycle the implementation of audio visual learning increased the percentage of students' completeness to 88% which was in the very good classification.

A Comprehensive Study Of Portuguese As A Foreign Language Textbook Instructions For Writing Activities—Preliminary Results

The paper aims to present the preliminary results of an ongoing study related to the teaching and learning of writing competencies, through the analysis of writing practices promoted in six Portuguese as a foreign language (PFL) textbooks for young adults. There is no systematic research about their adequacy with regard to the latest methodological guidelines or the existing curricula. Therefore, the theoretical and methodological assumptions and the organization of content and learning practices present in the textbooks are, to some extent, unknown. Although research in Didactics highlights their role in the planning of educational action by teachers and their influence on teaching and learning practice in the classroom. Preliminary results show that there are relatively few writing activities in the textbooks, and that they are mostly guided by behaviorist choices (audiolingual and audiovisual methods).

ЗАРУБІЖНИЙ ДОСВІД ЛІНГВОСАМООСВІТИ (ДРУГА ПОЛОВИНА ХХ СТОЛІТТЯ)

The paper provides a retrospective analysis of foreign experience of linguistic self-education in the second half of the 20th century. It is shown that reaching the current level of students’ training for life-long linguistic self-education requires understanding of socio-historical, pedagogical and practical experience, which reveals the logic of development and formation of linguistic self-education as an educational phenomenon, as well as determinants and factors which have been influencing this development. Having studied a wide range of sources, we can state that the issues concerning self-education have always been topical problems of scientific knowledge. However, for many centuries in the world pedagogical theory and practice linguistic self-education as such was not regarded as a separate pedagogical phenomenon, but instead, it was only the applied and general educational value of learning foreign languages which was taken into consideration. We have defined that the essence and forms of linguistic self-education depending on historical, economic, political and social factors changed in different years and determined both by the logic of educational development in general and the needs of the society as whole as well as certain individuals to master foreign languages. The period from the middle of the 20th to the beginning of the 21st century became a revolutionary stage in the development of the theory and practice of foreign language self-education. We found that the impetus for the intensive development of a methodology for adults’ self-instruction in foreign languages was the historic events of World War II. The method of “on-the-spot linguistic analysis” was introduced. This method became the basis for special research on autonomous learning of foreign languages by adults, and later – for linguistic self-education. In the 50-60s of the 20th century, foreign language and sociocultural training was first recognized at the international legislative level. Audiolingual and audiovisual methods became widespread back then. In the 70s and 80s of the 20th century, theoretical developments and practical experience in the field of independent study of foreign languages, as well as singling out the concept of “autonomous learning” as a separate pedagogical category became a driving force for the formation and development of linguistic self-education. Since the 80s of the 20th century, along with the theoretical developments, the practice of foreign language self-education has been actively developing and improving. In the present-day system of higher education in Western countries, self-educational activities in learning foreign languages are equated to traditional organizational forms of educational activities. At the beginning of the 21st century, the innovative methods of self-instruction of foreign languages are gradually being introduced into the educational process at a number of European universities. Thus, having implemented the retrospective analysis of foreign experience in foreign language selfeducation we can conclude that in the second half of the 20th century important prerequisites were created for distinguishing the concept of linguistic self-education into a separate category of language didactics and a specific type of educational activities.

PENGARUH AUDIOVISUAL TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN KEPALA KELUARGA DALAM MELAKSANAKAN CUCI TANGAN PAKAI SABUN (AUDIOVISUAL EFFECT ON KNOWLEDGE IMPROVEMENT OF FAMILY HEADS IN IMPLEMENTING HAND WASHING WITH SOAP)

Introduction: Hand washing with soap with running water is the most cost-effective way to protect us from infectious diseases.
 Objective: To analyze the effect of the audiovisual method intervention on improvement the knowledge of family heads implementing hand washing with soap in the city of Sorong.
 Methods: This type of research is a quantitative study with a quasi experimental design research type with the design used is time series design. There are 30 of family heads in RT 03/RW 05 of Klasaman sub-district, Sorong city as respondent in this research.
 Results: The study showed that there was an effect of using the audiovisual method hand washing with soap (CTPS) on knowledge improvement of family heads in the city of Sorong with the sig. value (2 tailed) was 0.000 <0.05, which means there was a difference in the knowledge of the pre-test and post-test of family heads treatment group.
 Conclusion: Can be used as learning tools in providing information and education to the community, especially family heads so as to improvement knowledge to carry out hand washing with soap with running water.

Qualitative Methods Research Through the Internet Applications and Services: The Contribution of Audiovisual Media Technology as Technology-Enhanced Research

This article discusses traditional methods and techniques of methodological qualitative research using the Internet applications and services as technology-enhanced research. The rapid developments of technology have reformed the methodology of qualitative research with new trends and perspectives of research methods, which are now carried out from and through the Internet (e.g., audiovisual methods from and through audiovisual media technology). The Internet is now a huge research challenge for researchers as an opportunity for action (such as the philosophy and the methodology of action research). Through extensive and rich literature, an attempt is made to understand the whole subject in relation to audiovisual media technology, which requires many new skills and abilities. The main purpose of this article is to become an important guide, but also a list of (new) methods for conducting a qualitative research, while its bibliography can be used as a source for further study.