Sound Design Research Articles

Sound insulation design using membrane and locally resonant structure

In this study, we propose a design for sound insulation that utilizes a membrane and a locally resonant structure in tandem. A membrane serves as an excellent sound insulation structure in itself, but it can also be used to improve sound insulation performance by changing the dynamic characteristics of the sound insulation panel. In the case of the latter, there is an advantage of improving sound insulation performance in several bands without a large increase in weight. However, because the resonance band occurs at a relatively lower frequency than the anti-resonance band, it is difficult to block noise at frequencies below the anti-resonance band. To address this, we added a locally resonant structure that operates within the associated band. Because the anti-resonance caused by the locally resonant structure occurs at a lower frequency than the resonance, it can compensate for the deterioration band caused by the membrane-cavity. These effects have been verified through a sound transmission loss simulation of the unit structure at the normal and oblique incidence condition. Furthermore, the soundproofing bands of the product (plate and enclosure) were validated through SPL experiments.

BIM-based sound insulation performance evaluation of interior walls

As a general contractor, acoustical design confirmation of a project at construction stage is rather limited especially if it is large-scale. Among others, many interior walls of the building projects are found to be improperly designed in terms of sound insulation in that chances are hardly given for the most projects to be intervened by an acoustic expert at their design stage. In many cases, they turn out to be either underperformed or overperformed. This study developed a tool for holistically evaluating sound insulation design of interior walls across the building areas. It was designed on the basis of BIM modeling to be fast-tracked in supporting either the architects or general contractors for a quick and broad design review. Mapping of the information of room use and wall types with their predicted or measured sound insulation data on to a BIM model is set out to compare to the design criteria according to room use and adjacency. The results are simulated on both 2-D and 3-D BIM models, visually presenting the sound insulation performance. A report is instantly generated on performance qualification with the information of wall types, surface areas, etc. It also suggests alternative wall types as necessary.

Deep reinforcement learning for optimal sound absorbing structures design

Deep learning algorithms have demonstrated a tremendous success in designing structures that surpass human capabilities. Based on the recent achievements of deep reinforcement learning in surpassing human capabilities, this paper focuses on implementing these algorithms to design optimal configurations of solid and porous materials that achieve a broadband absorption within the frequency range of 300 Hz to 3000 Hz. We employ model-free approaches, specifically deep Q-learning, double deep Q-learning, and dueling deep Q-learning algorithms, to predict material configurations that optimize absorption without requiring expertise knowledge. From a 230×30 different material combinations, the deep reinforcement algorithms learn to predict configurations that yield optimal absorption in few hundred steps. We discuss further the superior performance of a dueling deep learning algorithm compared to the other two deep learning approaches and a heuristic approach, such as genetic algorithm. The proposed model-free algorithms enable the prediction of absorption performance for any material configurations without the need for expertise.

Multimedia Technology Can Be Used to Enrich Teaching Resources of Aerobics

Aerobics, with its special charm, has won the popularity of the broad masses of the society. It is a popular sport at present and occupies an indispensable position in the national fitness campaign. Meanwhile, there are many kinds of aerobics, including yoga, step aerobics, aqu-aerobics, dumbbell exercise and street dance. In aerobics teaching, it is required that fitness music, movements and contents should be updated in time, otherwise it will have a reverse impact on the interest of students in learning and enthusiasm for practice, and will also affect the fitness effect and education quality. Based on this, this paper uses multimedia technology, integrates aerobics characteristics and educational practice, carries out in-depth research based on video, audio and courseware production, so as to update and enrich aerobics education resources with multimedia technology, and effectively improve aerobics education efficiency.

Design Philosophy and Seismic Analysis of a Multi-Storey Building (B+G+10) with Flat Slabs in Seismic Zone II Using ETABS and SAFE Software

This journal paper presents the design philosophy and seismic analysis of a multi-storey building (B+G+10) with flat slabs located in Seismic Zone II. With the growing population and limited resources, vertical expansion has become a necessity. The economy's development has attracted foreign companies and innovative entrepreneurs, requiring the construction of high- end, safe workplaces. High-rise structures face challenges from wind and seismic loads, making proper design and analysis crucial for safety. The design philosophy emphasizes the use of reinforced concrete due to its versatility, durability, and fire resistance. Reinforced concrete, a composite material of concrete and steel reinforcement, ensures strain compatibility and load sharing between the materials. The paper discusses various design loads, including dead loads, live loads, wind loads, and earthquake (seismic) loads. Dead loads encompass the self-weight and permanent attachments to the structure, while live loads consider dynamic factors due to occupancy. Wind loads are assessed based on the local wind conditions, and earthquake loads are determined using seismic codes. Design principles for foundations, columns, and footings are addressed, with a focus on ensuring structural stability, safety, and uniform settlement. The depth of the foundation is calculated using Rankine's formula, considering soil properties. Column design is crucial, with short and long column classifications, and minimum eccentricity requirements are detailed. The seismic analysis of the building involves the use of ETABS and SAFE software, which enable engineers to model the structure and assess its response to seismic forces. The combination of a sound design philosophy and comprehensive seismic analysis tools ensures the building's ability to withstand various loads, thereby contributing to safety and sustainability.

So You're Going on a “Short” Hike? Sensory Awareness and Listening to Ecoregions in A Short Hike

Abstract A Short Hike employs ecological zone sound design in the form of location-based audio cues, region-specific tracks and soundscapes, and an interactive soundtrack that responds to Claire's location or the nature of her movement. This sensory knowledge directly informs how we listen to, perceive, and negotiate the layered nature of place in games.

Designing effective assessments in economics courses: Guiding principles

Used correctly, assessments play a vital role in the success of a course: they provide valuable feedback to students regarding their knowledge gaps, encourage deeper understanding of the material, help students to develop critical thinking, and guide students to accomplish a course’s learning goals. They also provide a signal to future employers, graduate programs, or future course instructors about the quality of a student’s understanding of the material. Used incorrectly, assessments likely achieve none of these. To avoid the latter outcome, this article’s author helps new instructors by (1) summarizing pedagogical theory of sound assessment design, (2) applying it to assessment design in economics courses, and (3) assembling examples of assessments from the economics literature for instructors who may wish to experiment with different assignments.

Unlocking the Potential: A Comprehensive Evaluation of Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality in Education

Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) are poised to revolutionize education by offering immersive and interactive learning experiences. This research comprehensively evaluates the educational applications of AR and VR, specifically emphasizing their impact on student motivation, learning outcomes, engagement, and overall learning experiences. The analysis explores how AR and VR can improve student learning, knowledge retention, and skill acquisition by systematically reviewing existing the literature from diverse educational domains, including K-12 education, higher education, STEM education, professional training, and lifelong learning. Additionally, the research investigates the pivotal role of AR and VR in fostering immersive and interactive learning environments, unveiling how these technologies promote active learning, collaboration, and critical thinking through simulations and interactive experiences. The evaluation considers the potential of AR and VR beyond traditional classroom settings in distance education and assesses the feasibility of virtual classrooms, web-based learning environments, and Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). A significant aspect of the study involves understanding student attitudes toward AR and VR technologies and their influence on intrinsic motivation, interest, and enthusiasm for the learning material. Based on a thorough analysis of relevant literature, the research aims to provide practical recommendations for educators to effectively incorporate AR and VR into education practices. The recommendations prioritize a pedagogically sound design, educator training, and accessibility consideration to ensure equitable access for all learners. In summary, this extensive research reveals the significant impact of AR and VR on education by understanding the strengths, limitations, and challenges of making informed decisions on utilizing these technologies to create engaging, impactful learning experiences, fostering a generation of technologically proficient and knowledge-driven learners.

PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL UNTUK PERILAKU HIDUP SEHAT DALAM PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN JASMANI OLAHRAGA DAN KESEHATAN SISWA KELAS 2 SD NEGERI PORIS PELAWAD 3

This research aims to produce an audio visual media product and learn healthy living behavior, especially hand and foot hygiene, for class II students at SD Negeri Poris Pelawad 3, Cipondoh District, Tangerang City. This research is research and development regarding the development of audio visual media in learning healthy living behavior, especially hand and foot hygiene. The population in this study were class II students at SDN Poris Pelawad 3 with a total of 19 children. The research instrument is in the form of evaluation sheets for material experts, media experts and language experts in the form of product validity results. The instrument in the form of product validity is obtained by using a questionnaire and an evaluation sheet that has been made based on the assessment. The data analysis technique used is a qualitative and quantitative approach. Research data were analyzed using descriptive analysis techniques. This research produces a product in the form of audio-visual media packaged in the form of a compact disk (CD). The validation results from material experts received the "very good" category, the validation results from media experts received the "very good" category and the validation results from language experts received the "very good" category. The test results for individual respondents, small groups and large groups were "very good". Based on the results of this assessment, it can be concluded that audio-visual learning media for material on physical education, sports and health, in particular material on hand and foot health behavior for class II students at SD Negeri Poris Pelawad 3, Cipondoh District, Tangerang City, is suitable for use as a source of material. teach.

Individual preferences for sound tool design in a parrot.

The rarity of tool manufacture in wild parrots is surprising because they share key life-history traits with advanced tool-using species, including large brains, complex sociality and prolonged parental care. When it does occur, tool manufacture in parrots tends to be innovative, spontaneous and individually variable, but most cases have been in captivity. In the wild, only palm cockatoos (Probosciger aterrimus) have been observed using tools regularly. However, they are unusual because they use tools to enhance their displays rather than for foraging or self-maintenance. Males in northern Australia make two types of tool from sticks and seed pods, which they tap rhythmically against a tree during display. We analysed 256 sound tools retrieved from 70 display trees. Drumsticks (89% of tools) were used more often than seed pod tools; most males manufactured only drumsticks, but some made both types. Individual males differed significantly in the design of their drumsticks including the length, width and mass but we found no evidence that neighbours copied each other. We discuss the highly individualized preferences for sound tool design in context of the behavioural predispositions behind the rarity of tool manufacture in wild parrots.

Singing Ability Assessment: Development and validation of a singing test based on item response theory and a general open-source software environment for singing data

We describe the development of the Singing Ability Assessment (SAA) open-source test environment. The SAA captures and scores different aspects of human singing ability and melodic memory in the context of item response theory. Taking perspectives from both melodic recall and singing accuracy literature, we present results from two online experiments (N = 247; N = 910). On-the-fly audio transcription is produced via a probabilistic algorithm and scored via latent variable approaches. Measures of the ability to sing long notes indicate a three-dimensional principal components analysis solution representing pitch accuracy, pitch volatility and changes in pitch stability (proportion variance explained: 35%; 33%; 32%). For melody singing, a mixed-effects model uses features of melodic structure (e.g., tonality, melody length) to predict overall sung melodic recall performance via a composite score [R2c = .42; R2m = .16]. Additionally, two separate mixed-effects models were constructed to explain performance in singing back melodies in a rhythmic [R2c = .42; R2m = .13] and an arhythmic [R2c = .38; R2m = .11] condition. Results showed that the yielded SAA melodic scores are significantly associated with previously described measures of singing accuracy, the long note singing accuracy measures, demographic variables, and features of participants’ hardware setup. Consequently, we release five R packages which facilitate deploying melodic stimuli online and in laboratory contexts, constructing audio production tests, transcribing audio in the R environment, and deploying the test elements and their supporting models. These are published as open-source, easy to access, and flexible to adapt.

Metrics for the assessment of structural design efficiency applied to steel‐framed industrial buildings

AbstractStructural efficiency is an important criterion for any sound design. It is, however, an ambiguous and subtle quality, currently lacking a rigorous definition. In this paper, an objective index is introduced, able to measure structural efficiency and quality of design. The index is based on utilization factors calculated in accordance with the Eurocode design expressions. To show the competence of the proposed metrics, a set of realistic cases of steel portal frames is studied in this paper, being a typology that can be fully described with a limited number of parameters, and whose design is highly influenced by instability phenomena, which is specific to steel structures. Finally, a real case study of steel industrial shed that illustrates the application of the Design Efficiency Index is presented and its structural efficiency evaluated.

Enhance Auditory Experience by Identifying User Needs and Classifying User Types While Driving Electric Vehicles

The auditory experience of driving electric vehicles (EVs) has been studied as a means of conveying vehicle status information and improving user satisfaction. However, the driving experience and user preferences may vary depending on the driving context, including user characteristics. Thus, this study aims to 1) classify users based on their characteristics and 2) investigate their auditory experience preferences while driving EVs. For this purpose, 40 participants conducted questionnaires about their characteristics and performed a think-aloud task while driving 15.6 km in real EVs. As a result, three user characteristics and two user types were identified using factor analysis and K-means clustering, respectively. Text-formed think-aloud data were analyzed through network analysis to obtain insights for designing usercentered driving sound for EVs. These findings can contribute to the strategic management of EV sound design.

Osteoarthritis and Depression Update: 2023-Can the Stress and Coping Model Help?

Background Osteoarthritis and depression are both key barriers to healthy aging and greatly heighten the risk for many negative health issues that seriously impact life quality. When combined what are the implications? Aim This mini review examines 2023 data pertaining to osteoarthritis and depression and older adults and a possible theoretical framework of stress that may direct our approaches in the future. Methods and procedures Articles published between January 1 and August 15 2023 that addressed the current topic of interest and that were extracted from PUBMED, PubMed Central, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were carefully read and their key points arepresented in narrative form. Results As in the past, very few tangible theory-based prospective analyses that employ valid measures of depression and examine any association of any form of osteoarthritis longitudinally and in a consistent manner prevail. Several reports use the same or similar large cohort to draw upon, and find various degrees of clinical implications, but this may not embrace the need for more inclusivity, sampling strategies, control and diversity issues, as well as embracing the role of cognitions positive and negative. Conclusion Without efforts to develop sound research designs of diverse and carefully differentiated osteoarthritis substantive samples it is impossible to delineate the origin or implications of the osteoarthritis-depression linkage reported currently or arrive at a deep understanding of its relevance, to life quality and public health costs. What is needed to protect against or minimize either or both these clinically related disabling correlates in the aged population warrants timely study.

ASSESSMENT OF THE STRESS-STRAIN STATE OF PIN STRUCTURES AND CROWNS OF TEETH USED TO RESTORE THE LOST CROWN PART OF THE TOOTH IN A DECOMPENSATED FROM OF PATHOLOGICAL ABRASION.

BACKGROUND: Restoration of the height of the crown part of the tooth in the decompensated form of pathological abrasion consists of measures for the reconstruction of the general aesthetic appearance, manifestations, manifestations occur in the temporomandibular joint. However, even very unusual crowns are rare. Often there is a deformation of orthopedic structures, fractures of the roots used as a support for the orthopedic structure are possible.
 The use of reverse engineering methods makes it possible to transfer the traditional technique of manufacturing dentures into the framework of digital technology and to create a biomechanically sound individual orthopedic design through the use of such software and hardware tools as: CAD / CAM, Exocad and Ansys.
 This article presents a study of the stress-strain state (SSS) of the roots of teeth, stump pins and jaws. Various variants of suprastructure designs and various materials of stump pins are considered. A comparative analysis of SSS for various materials of pins and crowns was carried out.
 AIMS: Optimization of the design of crowns and post structures to reduce the load on the remaining roots of the teeth and the surrounding bone structures of the crest of the alveolar processMATERIALS AND METHODS: A comparative analysis of the stress-strain state (SSS) of the jaw (JJ) with 3 variants of suprastructures was carried out. Option 1 - separate single suprastructures, where each is fixed to the root of the tooth. Option 2 - a suprastructure combined into a single block by groups of teeth (premolar-molar segments, from canine to canine), Option 3 - a suprastructure combined into a single block in the form of a "horseshoe".RESULTS: For each option, stress-strain states were obtained for various options for the material of the stump pin inlays.CONCLUSIONS: The developed methodology and calculation program made it possible to carry out three series of calculations for three options for establishing suprastructures with step displacement along the jaw and to conduct a comparative analysis of their SSS

Virtual audio design and talent cultivation based on cloud resource scheduling

Virtual audio design and talent cultivation based on cloud resource scheduling

Characterization and analysis of filled knitted fabric formworks for advanced manufacturing of composite structures

An alternative construction methodology has been raising interest, consisting of employing fabrics as formworks. The implementation of flexible formworks allows the production of highly optimized organic structures, avoiding the use of unnecessary materials and consequently reducing construction loads, costs and waste. This study aims to integrate the experimental characterization of the mechanical behaviour of the knitted textiles used as formworks, the mechanical and deformational behaviour of the formworks while being filled with fresh mortar, and the numerical simulation of the multi-step process leading to the final structure. The integration of these different processes is essential for a sound design of this composite system as a construction strategy. To this end, this investigation identified several aspects, related to either experimental or computational mechanics that are relevant to the topic and should be further investigated, with the aim of a future integrated material and structural design approach.

The Women in Waiting: Olivier Assayas’ Personal Shopper and Roman Polanski’s Based on a True Story

The article analyses Olivier Assayas’ Personal Shopper (2016) and Roman Polanski’s Based on a True Story (2017) as post-horrors. Post-horror, sometimes called slow, quiet, or ambient horror, focuses on creating atmospheres rather than chains of events. Its themes of family and loss are often focalised through a single, female character. Sound design becomes key in creating auras of suspension as the films tend to omit dramatic events and focus on their aftermaths, showing the characters struggling to re-establish their daily routines. Assayas’ Personal Shopper begins after Maureen (Kristen Stewart) has lost her twin brother and Polanski’s Based on a True Story – after the suicidal death of Delphine’s (Emmanuelle Seigner) mother. In both films the loss is not followed by mourning but by what both characters verbalise as waiting. The films foreground the scenes of waiting: from the most mundane of waiting at the train station to the most sophisticated of waiting for the spectre. Spectres are waited on and appear, manifesting the fluidity between life and death rather than the linearity and the acceptance of loss typical for mourning. Waiting for the spectre is the main trope in Derrida’s ‘Specters of Marx’, where he imagines it as an ethics of responsibility towards that which does not exist according to traditional western ontology. He argues for a relational ethics that takes seriously the agency of such absent others, suggesting that ethics should reach beyond the immediate and the present. The figure of the spectre, through its hauntings, is both present and absent and, according to Derrida, tele-technologies like cinema were invented to explore such disturbances in time and space. The two films emphasise sound as a way to communicate with spectres, playing with Gothic and Victorian motifs of female mediumism, as they present the women’s waiting as transcending the personal (and interpersonal) and reaching towards a cosmic awe or terror that can be analysed through a combination of what Bauman called the ‘cosmic fear’ of negative globalisation and Lovecraft – cosmic indifference.

How Many Crowd Workers Do I Need? On Statistical Power when Crowdsourcing Relevance Judgments

To scale the size of Information Retrieval collections, crowdsourcing has become a common way to collect relevance judgments at scale. Crowdsourcing experiments usually employ 100–10,000 workers, but such a number is often decided in a heuristic way. The downside is that the resulting dataset does not have any guarantee of meeting predefined statistical requirements as, for example, have enough statistical power to be able to distinguish in a statistically significant way between the relevance of two documents. We propose a methodology adapted from literature on sound topic set size design, based on t-test and ANOVA, which aims at guaranteeing the resulting dataset to meet a predefined set of statistical requirements. We validate our approach on several public datasets. Our results show that we can reliably estimate the recommended number of workers needed to achieve statistical power, and that such estimation is dependent on the topic, while the effect of the relevance scale is limited. Furthermore, we found that such estimation is dependent on worker features such as agreement. Finally, we describe a set of practical estimation strategies that can be used to estimate the worker set size, and we also provide results on the estimation of document set sizes.

Virtual Urban Field Studies: Evaluating Urban Interaction Design Using Context-Based Interface Prototypes

In this study, we propose the use of virtual urban field studies (VUFS) through context-based interface prototypes for evaluating the interaction design of auditory interfaces. Virtual field tests use mixed-reality technologies to combine the fidelity of real-world testing with the affordability and speed of testing in the lab. In this paper, we apply this concept to rapidly test sound designs for autonomous vehicle (AV)–pedestrian interaction with a high degree of realism and fidelity. We also propose the use of psychometrically validated measures of presence in validating the verisimilitude of VUFS. Using mixed qualitative and quantitative methods, we analysed users’ perceptions of presence in our VUFS prototype and the relationship to our prototype’s effectiveness. We also examined the use of higher-order ambisonic spatialised audio and its impact on presence. Our results provide insights into how VUFS can be designed to facilitate presence as well as design guidelines for how this can be leveraged.