Audio Broadcasting Research Articles

The Development of Digital Audio Broadcasting in Croatia: The Case of DAB+

ABSTRACT Croatian FM radio broadcasting has a long and rich tradition. The Radio Digitisation Project was announced in 2010, but the first commercial DAB licenses were granted in 2022. Only 0.8% of the population own a home DAB+ device and only 7.7% of cars can retrieve the DAB+ program. Is DAB a good solution for the Croatian radio landscape dominated by local radio stations? This pioneering work in Croatian science shows the non-competitiveness of the conditions for broadcasters to enter the DAB+ network, the lack of support from key stakeholders, and ultimately the absence of conditions for shutting down FM radio.

Remote operation of the DIII-D National Fusion Facility

Full remote scientific operation of the DIII-D National Fusion Facility is now possible through significant advances in the computer science hardware and software infrastructure made over the last decade. Capabilities around information visualization, data movement, and communication have all been enhanced. The level of capability deployed to remotely operate DIII-D required an infrastructure advancement over what had previously been achieved in the fusion community. The large quantity of real-time data that is automatically displayed on DIII-D’s control room screens can now be visualized by remote participants via web-based applications. New audio/video solutions using the VoIP and instant messaging application Discord have been implemented to mimic the dynamic and ad-hoc scientific conversations that are critical in successfully operating an experimental campaign. Discord’s ability for a user to rapidly move between audio channels, text with images, and share screens is a significant enhancement over traditional videoconferencing tools. In addition, multiple combinations of broadcast audio are made available via a web-based application to allow remote participants to simultaneously listen to general announcements/sounds while conducting their own specific conversations. Secure methodologies have been put into place to allow remote control of hardware including DIII-D’s plasma control system application. Secure methods also included the ability of the on-site team to closely coordinate their work with remote team members which has been enhanced through extensions to the wireless network and the use of tablet computers for audio/video/screen sharing. However, no amount of software can fully replace the need for ‘hands on hardware.’ This infrastructure was severely stress tested during the COVID-19 pandemic where occupancy of the DIII-D control room was restricted. Operational efficiency during the pandemic, measured in discharges per hour, remained high (3.8 ± 0.8) compared to values obtained pre-pandemic (3.7 ± 0.8).

Evaluation of BLE-based audio broadcasting under probabilistic interference

Wireless Bluetooth audio communication has become an inherent part of everyday life, from listening to a podcast on our headphones to streaming music on multiple speakers. Up until now, broadcasting audio to multiple receivers has always required a proprietary implementation. Therefore, recent advances in the specification allow Broadcast Audio streams to be set up on top of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE). To cope with the unpredictability of wireless media, audio frame retransmission opportunities are provided. However, determining the applicable number of retransmissions for a broadcast stream that is exposed to volatile environmental conditions, is a complex research challenge. This paper presents a model that is capable of simulating a BLE broadcast stream schedule, exposed to various environmental conditions while using a variable number of audio frame retransmissions. The evaluation employs several existing Packet Loss Concealment (PLC) techniques to cope with audio frame losses. The results provide insights into the impact of various frame loss patterns on the audio quality and intelligibility of broadcasted speech. The more advanced PLC techniques can handle a higher frame loss rate threshold. The analysis also shows that large audio frames requiring fragmentation exhibit a higher amount of frame loss for the same BLE packet loss rate and that overlap with in-use 802.11 channels can lead to a large variability in frame loss behavior. The model provides a baseline for the next research challenge related to continuous management of Broadcast Audio streams operating under volatile environmental conditions.

Background music monitoring framework and dataset for TV broadcast audio

AbstractMusic identification is widely regarded as a solved problem for music searching in quiet environments, but its performance tends to degrade in TV broadcast audio owing to the presence of dialogue or sound effects. In addition, constructing an accurate dataset for measuring the performance of background music monitoring in TV broadcast audio is challenging. We propose a framework for monitoring background music by automatic identification and introduce a background music cue sheet. The framework comprises three main components: music identification, music–speech separation, and music detection. In addition, we introduce the Cue‐K‐Drama dataset, which includes reference songs, audio tracks from 60 episodes of five Korean TV drama series, and corresponding cue sheets that provide the start and end timestamps of background music. Experimental results on the constructed and existing datasets demonstrate that the proposed framework, which incorporates music identification with music–speech separation and music detection, effectively enhances TV broadcast audio monitoring.

Launch of ‘hospital radio’ in Japan: Strengthening patient–staff bonding

Hospital radio is a form of audio broadcasting for in-patients produced by volunteer staff. This study examines hospital radio’s functioning and community benefits. It first provides the history of hospital radio in the United Kingdom, which has been overlooked in literature, and describes the introduction of the audio programme launched at Fujita Medical University Hospital in 2019, Japan’s first hospital radio initiative, which was based on the United Kingdom’s hospital radio. Drawing from interview data of volunteer staff who conducted the hospital radio, it describes the motivation to volunteer and the bond it created among the staff, who began to view their roles from fresh perspectives. Further, from the patients’ request messages, the study clarifies hospital radio’s significance in their lives during their hospital stay. Overall, this study reveals communication among hospital staff members, patients and professional, as well as professionals’ improved ability to self-reflect.

Spoken‐to‐written text conversion for enhancement of Korean–English readability and machine translation

AbstractThe Korean language has written (formal) and spoken (phonetic) forms that differ in their application, which can lead to confusion, especially when dealing with numbers and embedded Western words and phrases. This fact makes it difficult to automate Korean speech recognition models due to the need for a complete transcription training dataset. Because such datasets are frequently constructed using broadcast audio and their accompanying transcriptions, they do not follow a discrete rule‐based matching pattern. Furthermore, these mismatches are exacerbated over time due to changing tacit policies. To mitigate this problem, we introduce a data‐driven Korean spoken‐to‐written transcription conversion technique that enhances the automatic conversion of numbers and Western phrases to improve automatic translation model performance.

ALEXANDER RODCHENKO, GUSTAV KLUTSIS, EL LISSITZKY. SPATIAL PHOTOMONTAGE AS AN ANALOGUE OF MODERN MEDIA

The article examines both The history of The photomontage technique and The process of The emergence of new forms of information transmission based on media that were relevant for The 1920s — cinema and photography. Various design objects are analyzed — from printing to a new class of «media objects». Creation of synthetic forms of art, built on The combination of various communication channels — newsreels, audio broadcasts, photography and typography — a distinctive feature of The post-revolutionary era, a reflection of The theory of «mass action», a new concept of theatrical art, a different social reality, where a slogan, a debate, a rally become a key form of transmitting information. Such types of art and innovative approaches to creating a visual form of communication resonate with modern multimedia challenges.

COEXISTENCE OF TELEVISION BROADCASTING, FM BROADCASTING, DIGITAL BROADCASTING IN DAB AND DRM+ STANDARDS CALCULATION METHODOLOGY

The model parameters of analogue and digital radio and TV broadcasting networks are determined on the basis of data on frequency assignments to radio broadcasting stations using information on issued permits for the use of radio frequency channels of existing and planned radio broadcasting stations. The parameters of the network model are also determined on the basis of data contained in the database on frequency assignments of a radio frequency service organization or radio frequency application materials for obtaining an EMC examination conclusion submitted to a radio frequency service organization to obtain permission to use frequency blocks / radio frequency channels for the declared radio broadcasting stations. The problem of sharing the spectrum in the VHF band by terrestrial digital television broadcasting services (DVB-T standard, etc.), analogue television broadcasting, analogue FM audio broadcasting, digital audio broadcasting DAB/DAB+, DRM+ and RAVIS and the conditions for them coexistence are considered. Compatibility criteria and calculation algorithm are considered. Compatibility criteria and calculation algorithm are considered. Directions for further research are presented.

ALGORITHM AND INSTRUCTIONS FOR PRACTICAL USE IN THE METHODOLOGY OF COEXISTENCE OF TELEVISION, FM AND DIGITAL BROADCASTING IN DAB AND DRM+ STANDARDS

The parameters of the network model are determined on the basis of data contained in the database on frequency assignments of a radio frequency service organization or radio frequency application materials for obtaining an EMC examination conclusion submitted to a radio frequency service organization to obtain permission to use frequency blocks / radio frequency channels for the declared radio broadcasting stations. The problem of sharing the spectrum in the VHF band by terrestrial digital television broadcasting services (DVB-T standard, etc.), analogue television broadcasting, analogue FM audio broadcasting, digital audio broadcasting DAB/DAB+, DRM+ and RAVIS and the conditions for them coexistence are considered. The most common cases of the developed methodology application can be the following options for calculating EMC and conditions for using electronic distribution systems for television and radio broadcasting: Calculation of reference service area of the protected service; Calculation of EMC between existing and planned for use service and declared service; Calculation of service area of the proposed distribution zone.

Pengaruh Adanya Podcast Terhadap Kemampuan Berbahasa Indonesia Pada Mahasiswa

With the development of the era, human need for technology is also inseparable. One of them is podcasts. Podcasts are audio files available and broadcast online. The presence of podcasts is a new medium in helping the implementation of education today. However, its influence on students' Indonesian language skills is still a question. Therefore, researchers are trying to find answers through this research. The method used is a questionnaire with a Likert scale as the answer model. Validity testing is done through SPSS and response analysis is done through the results of filling in the Likert scale answers. After the research was carried out, it was found that most of the respondents agreed with the hypothesis that had been proposed by the researcher. Thus, the researcher concluded that the existence of a podcast had an effect on Indonesian language skills.

Coverage Optimization of Eureka Digital Sound Broadcasting Single Frequency Network Using Simulated Annealing and Particle Swarm Optimization

Due to scarcity of bandwidth available for sound broadcasting, Digital sound broadcasting Technology is emerging to be the Technology of resort in sound broadcasting industry towards replacing the analogue sound broadcasting currently dominated by FM Radio. There are many digital sound broadcasting systems being proposed with different performance and bandwidth efficiency. Static delays are artificial delays intentionally introduced at each Transmitter in order to minimize interference in a Single Frequency Network (SFN). In this paper, we have looked at the Terrestrial digital audio broadcasting (T-DAB) system specifically to optimize its final SFN coverage by finding an optimal set of static delays for transmitters. For the sake of simulation, hexagonal model of transmitters operating under Single Frequency Network (SFN) was used. The aim of this study is to maximize SFN coverage by using optimal set of artificial static delays, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) have strong ability in finding the global optimistic result while Stimulated Annealing (SA) algorithm has a strong ability to find the local Optimistic result and therefore based on their unique strength, these methods were selected so that our study can have a good comparison in terms of coverage by using both global and local optimistic results. We report the increase of coverage by 1.12% and 2.38% using Simulated Annealing and Particle Swarm Optimization technique respectively.

LOLA SDR: Low Power Low Latency Software Defined Radio for Broadcast Audio Applications

This brief proposes a new low power, low latency and low cost reconfigurable architecture for software defined radio. Due to their flexibility and reconfigurability, software defined radios are now massively used as wideband transceivers, channel sounders or network gateways. However, they often struggle to meet the desired requirements in terms of energy consumption and throughput. In this brief, we present a new architecture capable of tackling these challenges, by combining an off-the-shelf generic radio component with a low power microcontroller associated to a Fourier transform coprocessor. To prove the benefit of our approach, after describing the key assets of the architecture, we derive a complete physical layer dedicated to audio broadcast applications. This chain is capable of streaming High Definition audio stream in real time with low power (437mW) and very low latency (854 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ). We show that our processing chain can be flawlessly run on our architecture paving the way for larger adoption of a new generation of low power low latency software defined radio architectures.

TV 방송 배경음악 식별/분리/검출용 유사 방송 음악-대사 및 큐시트 데이터셋

TV 방송 배경음악 식별/분리/검출용 유사 방송 음악-대사 및 큐시트 데이터셋

King Rail ( Rallus elegans ) response to audio playback: implications for population estimation, monitoring methodology, and trapping approach

Conspecific audio can be broadcast to improve detection probability (detectability) of secretive marsh bird species for population monitoring purposes and as a lure to more effectively trap individuals. Our primary objective was to describe King Rail (<em>Rallus elegans</em>) detectability as a function of distance and so determine if the distance sampling assumption of perfect detectability immediately adjacent to survey points was violated during call-broadcast surveys. We also described what factors affected King Rail detectability during audio broadcast surveys, and how and when this species was detected, and compared effectiveness of various King Rail call recordings used during trapping attempts. To accomplish these objectives, we experimentalized trapping efforts, radio-tagged 12 King Rails, and conducted repeated call-broadcast surveys for each radio-tagged individual in Michigan and Ohio, USA during the 2020 and 2021 breeding seasons. We found that King Rail detectability during 81 surveys was 0.39, which violates the aforementioned distance sampling assumption and necessitates a correction factor. Detectability within survey segments varied among survey periods, though overall detectability remained relatively constant, even after call-broadcast surveys in our study area typically end (post-survey period: 15 June to 10 July), which indicates that King Rail monitoring could effectively continue later than currently occurs. We found that grunt calls resulted in more captures than kek calls and that a multi-call track was most effective at trapping King Rails. Our findings could improve King Rail population estimates and increase success during trapping efforts, and may inform similar efforts for other secretive marsh birds.

Os podcasts como parte integrante da educação médica de acesso aberto e gratuito

Abstract: Introduction: Podcasts are audio broadcasts distributed over the internet that can be consumed through various platforms. From students to independent clinicians, the profile of medical podcast users is varied and a richer understanding of this user is essential for effective podcast development. Objective: To review the current literature on the use of podcasts as a health education tool and to understand the stages involved in preparing a medical podcast. Methods: The study is a narrative review developed through research in databases carried out at Unichristus University, in the city of Fortaleza-CE. An analysis of articles on podcasts or data on the prevalence of use, production or results of the use of podcasts for health education purposes was performed. A screening was performed by reading the abstracts and titles of 165 articles found in the Medline database, using the keywords ‘Podcasts’ and ‘medical education’, which resulted in 23 articles that met the inclusion criteria. Results: Based on the content found in the literature, the review was divided into seven categories: formats, episode duration, activities carried out while listening to a podcast, learning assessment, suggestions, developing a medical podcast and the podcast as a complementary teaching tool. Conclusion: the podcast is considered a promising medium of communication as a complementary tool to the traditional teaching methods, and educators should focus on developing evaluation processes for this technology, refining evidence-based guidelines for creating new podcasts.

Государственное управление в области обеспечения благоприятной информационной среды в общественном транспорте

Purpose: To consider the problem of favorable information environment provision in public transport, to pursue the analysis of the results of opinion poll. organized by various subjects of social monitoring. To analyze the proposed initiatives in the field of solving the issues of rules regulation on passenger behavior on the use of audio and video broadcasting devices in public transport, including the issues related to the use of ndividualization means of media signal consumption - headphones. Methods: Content analysis of the texts, placed in publicly available sources, of proposed initiatives to solve the problem on the regulation of public relations in this sphere, as well as of the arguments of supporters and opponents of such initiatives. The secondary analysis of public opinion poll results. Results: For the first time, there is formulated the ecological level of the problem of media noise pollution of informational environment of public transport, and integrated approach to settle it via means, methods and hygienic regulation principles application is proposed, as well as there’s formulated the usage of all of the potential of informal social monitoring, including the advocacy of media consumption healthy way, of social advertisements, aimed at the formation of inner belief and behavior ethical principles in public transport. Practical significance: Provision principles for favorable informational environment as the most important task of public administration in the sphere of handling public relations in public transport have been developed. The insufficiency of regulation of audio and video signal broadcasting practices in public spaces, preconditioning their negative impact on human health and well-being, is shown. The ways to settle this problem are proposed with the help of standardization and rationing of the functioning of physical quantities, which are the subject for measurement, namely, of informational signal effects and parameters.

Towards the detection and classification of indoor events using a loudspeaker

In recent decades, smart building has received considerable research attention due to the increased demand for connected and integrated technology. Based on data collected by sensors, alarms, lighting, access control, heating and cleaning can be adjusted according to human activity and the actual needs of the occupants, resulting in efficient energy management and operating cost savings. However, in most cases, these sensors are application-specific, which limits their usefulness and scalability. Of the available sensing technologies, acoustic methods often rely on the use of microphones, which can lead to privacy issues. In this work, we use an electrodynamic loudspeaker in combination with a convolutional neural network algorithm to extract and classify the features of indoor events from the sound field. We show how the loudspeaker impedance is sensitive, through the modal response of the room, to changes in occupancy or room layout (presence of people, movement or removal of furniture), door or window opening, or temperature variation. This gives the speaker a new functionality in addition to audio broadcasting. Theoretical analysis and experiments in real rooms demonstrate the accuracy and effectiveness of this acoustic-based approach for supervised classification of indoor events.

PAPR Reduction Techniques and Their BIT Error Rate Measurement at OFDM in LTE System

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has become an indispensable part of waveform generation in wideband digital communication since its first appearance in digital audio broadcasting (DAB)and it is indeed in use. These descriptions are simplified version of the detailed descriptions provided by 3gpp. It is a superior technology for the high-speed data rate of wire-line and wireless communication systems. The OFDM has many advantages over other techniques such as its high capacity and immunity against multipath fading channels. However ,one of the main drawbacks of the OFDM system is the high-peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) that leads the system to produce in-band distortion and out-of-band radiation because of the non-linearity and reduces its efficiency is the distortion of the signal caused at the High Power Amplifier (HPA) of a transmitter . Therefore, it is highly desirable to reduce the PAPR of an OFDM signal. For this, numerous techniques have been proposed to overcome the PAPR problem such as i) selective mapping(SLM) ii) partial transmit sequence (PTS), iii) clipping, iv) clipping and filtering. In this paper, the PTS technique was analytically reviewed as one of the important methods to reduce the high PAPR problem. Simulations are used to analyze the efficiency of the techniques used which signifies OFDM to be providing much better PAPR reduction and a better Bit Error Rate (BER) . From simulation results clipping method shows good PAPR reduction with significant amount of BER degradation. Clipping and filtering method shows slight increase in PAPR with small degradation in BER performance than Clipping method and both methods are computationally less complex. PTS provides good PAPR reduction with high computational complexity.

An Experimental Implementation of China Digital Radio (CDR) Broadcasting in Hubei

This paper presents the research and implementation of a China Digital Radio (CDR) experimental network in Hubei, China with two FM-CDR transmitting stations and four FM-band channels. To study the coverage discontinuity problem in a large service area, the experimental network employs an intelligent networking solution that incorporates multiple service channels carrying Broadcast and Data Services (BADS) and a Common-Regional-Information Channel (CRIC) carrying both service data and system information. The electronic service guide (ESG) carried by CRIC can inform the receivers about the available contents from current and adjacent stations, which can significantly improve the service quality in the overlapping areas, especially under mobile reception environment. Two RF tuners are used in the receiving terminals to access the CRIC, and the BADS channel, respectively. This paper first presents the frequency analysis and coverage tests of the experimental network, and then summarizes the coverage performances with different transmission parameter combinations. The goal is to gain experience in frequency planning, coverage prediction, as well as supportable services of CDR digital audio broadcasting.

Compact low-pass filter (LPF) with wide harmonic suppression using interdigital capacitor

Abstract In this article, a compact microstrip low-pass filter (LPF) with low in-band insertion loss and a wide attenuation band is recommended. The structure is modeled using two rectangular-shaped open resonators (ORs) loaded with multiple sections of the interdigital capacitor. The proposed LPF has a cut-off frequency of 1.5 GHz, a passband insertion loss of 0.35 dB, and an electrical circuit size of 0.02 λ g 2. In the ground plane, two dissimilar defected ground structures (DGSs) are introduced to generate additional attenuation poles for enriching the stopband performance of the LPF. The harmonics suppression is achieved up to 15 GHz with tenth harmonic suppression and relative stopband rejection of almost 165%. The EM simulated results show a well-matched behavior with the experimental ones. The proposed LPF can be used for global positioning systems (1500 MHz), telecommunications (1600 MHz), and audio broadcasting (1400 MHz) applications.