Audio Broadcasting Research Articles

General Sequence Teacher–Student Learning

In automatic speech recognition, performance gains can often be obtained by combining an ensemble of multiple models. However, this can be computationally expensive when performing recognition. Teacher–student learning alleviates this cost by training a single student model to emulate the combined ensemble behaviour. Only this student needs to be used for recognition. Previously investigated teacher–student criteria often limit the forms of diversity allowed in the ensemble, and only propagate information from the teachers to the student at the frame level. This paper addresses both of these issues by examining teacher–student learning within a sequence-level framework, and assessing the flexibility that these approaches offer. Various sequence-level teacher–student criteria are examined in this work, to propagate sequence posterior information. A training criterion based on the Kullback–Leibler KL-divergence between context-dependent state sequence posteriors is proposed that allows for a diversity of state cluster sets to be present in the ensemble. This criterion is shown to be an upper bound to a more general KL-divergence between word sequence posteriors, which places even fewer restrictions on the ensemble diversity, but whose gradient can be expensive to compute. These methods are evaluated on the augmented multi-party interaction AMI meeting transcription and MGB-3 television broadcast audio tasks.

ASSEMBLY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY COMPONENTS IN ESTABLISHMENT OF FOOD/FEED QUALITY AND SAFETY CONTROL SYSTEM

In a study to utilize modern information technologies in establishment of food/feed safety control system; a study was conducted using mobile monitoring devices such as smart phones, car tracking system, audio video real-time broadcasting device, GIS application, portable internet access device, Wi-Fi thermometers to designs a replied quality control inspection system which can be applied in food manufacturing stockholders including official inspection authorities. Results obtained from application of the used modern information system and the mentioned quality control systems revealed that, by using these devices and inspection program (s), both the official bodies and the producers themselves can cooperate to improve the inspection/production activity to assure compliance of the end product with the safety guidelines and subsequently human/animal/environmental safety

From audio broadcasting to video streaming: The impact of digitalization on music broadcasting among the Swedish-speaking minority of Finland

This paper investigates how digitalization has affected the role that Finland’s Public Service Broadcasting Company (YLE) plays for the popular music culture of the Swedish-speaking minority of Finland. Drawing on theories from popular music and cultural industry studies, the study explores to what extent new technology has changed practices, structures and perspectives of minority artists. The paper, which forms a sub-study of a larger research project on the impact of digitalization on minority music, focuses on two case studies, the comic duo Pleppo and comedian/artist Alfred Backa. The analysis illustrates how important the public service broadcasting company still is for minority culture despite the structural changes caused by digitalization. However, the radio’s quality norms have led to a paradoxical situation where the digital productions of the musicians need to compete with the technical standards of the international entertainment industry, whereas the channels’ own productions can follow DIY norms. As the broadcasting company is increasingly moving its focus towards the web, it must in the future achieve a balance between the different dynamics of commercial interests, controversial creativity and traditional public broadcasting objectives.

USRP Based Digital Audio Broadcasting Using OFDM in Virtual and Remote Laboratory

Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) is an amazing technology, achieving its promise of certainly delivering high quality digital audio in the most vindicate mobile and fixed receiver environments. The radio signal processing capability can be provided by Universal software radio peripheral (USRP) hardware. The received signal frequency can be controlled and transmitting the signal through wireless is possible by installing NI USRP utility configuration. The programmable USRP was running the VI snippet program in block diagram panel with radio companion integrated through USB cable on windows 7 64. With the parameters such as IQ rate, transmitter gain, carrier frequency along with device name which is given as ni2901_1 the students can able to tune the radio signal. DAB technology is integrated with USRP device using prominent OFDM technique for promise delivery of high quality audio signal. DAB works under four transmission modes in this paper. In this paper RF0 module is used USRP device is connected with dual band vertical antenna with 2.4 and 5GHz frequency as Tx1. This transmitting VI snippet program will support all file formats such as.wav, mp3, etc. the intention of the paper is to transmit the real time data through long distance using DAB technology in remote laboratory. The proposed system is implemented in virtual lab so that it can be accessed by any user from anywhere. This system is successfully tested on institute of aeronautical engineering virtual lab.

Integrated Antenna for the Digital Audio Broadcasting and Digital Video Broadcasting by Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) system is one of the high - definition radio with the ability to provide high audio quality and data - based services for stationary and mobile receivers. Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) is the popular broadcasting standards that enable handheld receivers to receive high definition digital television transmissions. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system is a digital multi – carrier modulation technique intend offers high spectral efficiency. The main aim set is to arrive as an efficient unified system for multipurpose wireless system that would cater to all existing standards. This paper presents the unified approach for designing an integrated antenna for DAB and DVB using OFDM system. In this paper DAB and DVB using OFDM system is designed individually and their performance is measured by Bit Error Rate (BER). Integrated antenna for DAB and DVB using OFDM system is designed and simulated radiation patterns are presented. The proposed unified approach produces the better BER performance and better gain as compared to individual standard design.

The zeros of a sine-type function and the peak value problem

The problem of finding an upper bound for the infinity norm of signals from their sample values is called the peak value problem. The peak value problem is a significant problem related to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) which has applications in wireless networks, audio broadcasting, and mobile communications. In this article, we will first answer the question of whether the zeros of a π-sine-type function form a stable sampling set for Bβπ∞,0<β<1. Then, we will address a related question of bounding the infinity norm of a given signal. The sampling set we use only requires a bound on the maximum distance between two consecutive sampling points. Our result for estimating the bound works for a nonuniform sampling set.

Performance Enhancement of OFDM System using Hybrid Channel Estimation with Pseudo Pilot

For high spectral efficiency and robustness against intersymbol interference (ISI), orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is the best suited technology for many applications such as digital audio broadcasting (DAB), wireless networks, digital video broadcasting (DVB) and LAN. For efficient recovery of the original transmitted signal we require the coherent demodulator as the frequency selective fading channels affects the transmitted signal in OFDM. At the receiver end for coherent demodulation we require channel state information (CSI), which is done by channel estimation. To find the channel characteristics which varies with time and frequency, a reference signal is transmitted with payload signal know as pilot or training sequence and technique or process is known as channel estimation. The use of pilots in the OFDM system leads to pilots overhead. So we propose a new technique which will reduces the transmission delay, reduce pilot overhead, increases transmission rate and improves the BER performance without any computational complexity, which is implemented using the Hybrid algorithm for channel based OFDM system. In this proposed technique, for the channel estimation in OFDM system over AWGN fading channel pseudo-pilots are used. At the transmitter end, pseudo-pilots are employed to breed bank of pseudo random symbol (PRS). In this OFDM system with pseudo-pilot the channel estimation is done by the Hybrid (LS + RLS) estimation approach to recover the original transmitted information. The performance of the proposed techniques and the weighted scheme are compared and verified using computerized simulation carried out using Matrix Laboratory (MATLAB) software.

Characterization of a Gm-C Filter Based on CNTFETs for Use in Digital Audio Broadcasting Systems

Anti-aliasing filters play an important role in analog front-end circuits, and their suitable design can improve the performance of digital audio broadcasting systems. In this paper, a Gm-C anti-aliasing filter based on carbon nanotube field effect transistors (CNTFETs) is proposed. Using CNTFETs provides low power consumption and appropriate frequency response. Simulation results show that these characteristics are widely dependent on the physical parameters of CNTFETs. The effects of chirality, the number of CNTs in each CNTFET, and distance of CNTs from each other on power consumption and frequency response are investigated. Among these parameters, the chirality and number of CNTs respectively have nonlinear and linear relationships with both power consumption and cutoff frequency. On the other hand, changing the distance between CNTs has the least effect on the output characteristics. Also, the output features of the filter for different gate oxides and channel lengths are studied. The overall result of the simulations demonstrates that the filters based on CNTFETs are promising candidates to be used in future nano-scale integrated circuits.

Open Broadcast Media Audio from TV: A Dataset of TV Broadcast Audio with Relative Music Loudness Annotations

Open Broadcast Media Audio from TV (OpenBMAT) is an open, annotated dataset for the task of music detection that contains over 27 hours of TV broadcast audio from 4 countries distributed over 1647 one-minute long excerpts. It is designed to encompass several essential features for any music detection dataset and is the first one to include annotations about the loudness of music in relation to other simultaneous non-music sounds. OpenBMAT has been cross-annotated by 3 annotators obtaining high inter-annotator agreement percentages, which allows us to validate the annotation methodology and ensure the annotations reliability. In this work, we first review the current publicly available music detection datasets and state OpenBMAT’s contributions. After that, we detail its building process: the selection of the audio and the annotation methodology. Then, we analyze the produced annotations and validate their reliability. We continue with an experiment to highlight the value of these annotations and investigate the most challenging content in OpenBMAT. Finally, we describe the details about the format in which the dataset is presented and the platform where we have made it available. We believe OpenBMAT will contribute to major advancements of the research on music detection in real-life scenarios.

Broadcast Audio Transmission for Bluetooth LE on an Interfered ISM Band

The isochronous channel is a new feature of the next version of Bluetooth 5.0 and has been developed to enable audio transmission using Bluetooth low energy. This feature will include a scheme for audio broadcasting in public areas and in homes and office environments. However, this technology has only employed an ${n}$ -repetition scheme for the broadcast method. In this scheme, the energy efficiency of the master device, which generally broadcasts audio data in cycles, can be increasingly aggravated owing to unnecessary retransmissions, even if the radio channel is not congested. To provide a solution, in this paper, an energy detection-based broadcast scheme is proposed using an appropriate analysis model based on a stochastic method to find the optimal retransmission number, where heterogeneous Wi-Fi communications coexist on the same 2.4-GHz band. The evaluation is also presented, wherein the experimental results are compared to the standard ${n}$ -repetition scheme in the same environment.

Effects of Power Line Communication on Radio Communication Equipment

Radio communication is a wireless transfer of information via power cable by Power Line Communication (PLC) and its dissemination through radio communication equipment.. However, this information causes signal interference, noise and distortion with the power line communication. This work analyzed the effect of PLC on radio communication equipment by interconnecting two high-speed PLC modems communicating with a data rate of up to 250 Mbit/s using telephone distribution wiring for radio spectrum to reduce the interference radiation that emanates from a power line. The measurements were made using a reference antenna at a distance of 3 m from the power line. The peak field-strength values were measured and recorded in the 30-350 MHz frequency range in horizontal and vertical polarization. The result shows that interference radiation occurring at frequencies up to 305 MHz, includes the FM band as well as the Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) band. It is expected that as the data rate of high speed modems increases, a corresponding increase in the interference radiation occurs at frequencies above 300 MHz. To this regard, administrations should take all practicable and necessary steps to ensure that the operation of power and telecommunication distribution networks do not cause harmful interference to a radio communication service. Keywords: PLC, Radio Communication, Interference, Noise, Distortion, Communication Equipment, Field Strength, DAB DOI : 10.7176/JNSR/9-16-04 Publication date : August 31 st 2019

KONSTRUKSI TELEVISI LOKAL BAGI PELAKU TELEVISI LOKAL (Studi Fenomenologi pada stasiun TV lokal Megaswara Bogor)

AbstrakLocal television stations have a mission to provide a variety of shows to local communities in the broadcast local area. This diversity is intended to against the potential influence of national television station shows that tend to be centralized. In practice, local television stations face a number of very difficult obstacles. Through qualitative research methods with a phenomenological approach, this study explains the position of local television stations in responding to the development of regulations and the technology they experience. This study resulted that as a broadcast media, local TV stations have very heavy barriers, such as the obscurity of broadcasting regulations, the development of broadcast technology, competition with other mediums that are developing, and internal conditions of the company. To be able to survive, a television station needs to adapt to the development of the times, the television concept was then developed in a collaborative form that is not always based on the audio visual broadcast context. For example by forming radio broadcasts and optimizing the agenda off the air or outside the broadcast.

The Digital Audio Broadcasting Journey from the Lab to Listeners - the Czech Republic Case Study

The Digital Audio Broadcasting Journey from the Lab to Listeners - the Czech Republic Case Study

Research on Wireless Positioning Technology Based on Digital FM Broadcasting

With more and more new mobile devices (such as mobile phones, tablets, and wearable devices) entering people’s daily life, along with the application and development of relevant technologies based on users’ location information, location based service is becoming a basic service demand of people’s life. This paper puts forward a research on location technology based on frequency modulation band digital audio broadcasting (FM China Digital Radio, FM-CDR). A new method of adding timestamp information to the FM-CDR frame structure is proposed, which verified that the change to the system does not affect the normal transmission and reception of broadcast content under the original standards and can accurately extract the recognition signal and timing information of BS. In the complex environment, the estimation algorithm of signal parameters such as received signal strength (RSS), time of arrival (TOA), and time difference of arrival (TDOA) of terrestrial radio broadcast signals is studied. In this paper, a new method based on multisource data fusion is proposed, which can meet the need of localization in various environments and overcome the deficiency of single localization method.

Emergency Warning and Bidirectional Communication via Digital Audio Broadcast

Sending broadcast messages is an efficient means of communicating in emergency situations, especially during serious disasters. This paper focuses on the digital audio broadcast (DAB) system. First, several new techniques are reported to enhance the emergency warning message (EWM) receiving and display functionalities for both personal and public DAB terminals. Then, a novel bidirectional communication method between two DAB transmitters is proposed, to enable the communication to and from the disaster area and the outside. Experiments show that the EWM can be correctly sent to the intended DAB terminals within 0.2–3 s, and the existing public light emitting diode screens can be expanded as DAB EWM terminals without affecting their normal functions. The bidirectional multimedia communication between two DAB transmitters is also successfully demonstrated. The proposed techniques expand upon the DAB’s existing functionality, and can benefit more people during emergencies.

China Digital Radio (CDR) System and Its Application in Emergency Broadcasting

One of the most crucial task of terrestrial audio broadcasting is the transition to digital system and infrastructure. In this paper, the china digital radio (CDR) system structure is presented including framing structure, transfer mode, as well as spectrum mode. In addition, this paper gives a comprehensive introduction to the deployment of CDR technology in China.

Mitigation of Non-Narrowband Radio Frequency Interference Incorporating Array Imperfections

In a recent paper, we presented a non-narrowband spatial radio frequency interference (RFI) mitigation algorithm for radio astronomy arrays. The algorithm constructs a 2nd-order filter by combining a 1st-order subspace subtraction method with a non-narrowband signal model. The model is based on the assumption that the frequency response is approximately flat and that the array is calibrated. In this paper, we consider the effects of array imperfections such as unknown complex gains and mutual coupling, incorporate these into the non-narrowband signal model and extend the RFI mitigation algorithm to include a calibration step. With a calibration step and no mutual coupling, the proposed algorithm was able to process twice the bandwidth per channel when compared to conventional narrowband techniques. This performance declines to 1.6 times greater bandwidth when the effect of mutual coupling is included. The evaluation of the algorithm was done using the layout of a Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) High Band Antenna (HBA) station and a digital audio broadcast recorded with a software defined radio.

Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB)-based demand response for buildings, electric vehicles and prosumers (DAB-DSM)

The main objective of this paper is to present a new and cost-effective Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tool that can lead to efficient energy management in buildings and optimal operation of electricity networks with increased share of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) and Electric Vehicles (EVs). The new ICT infrastructure is based on the Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) standard and its interoperability with smart metering technology, Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) and Building Automation Systems (BAS). The main idea involves the attachment of a DAB receiver to electric devices (from small household appliances up to EVs and solar systems and other RES). In this paper, the DAB protocol is described, enabling high cyber-physical security. Moreover, the results of addressing a thermostatically-controlled load using DAB-signaling in Switzerland are also presented. The next steps envisioned are i) the validation of the final protocol version and of the DAB receivers for various electric appliances and DR schemes and, ii) demonstration of the new technology in real-life cases through the National DAB broadcaster in Greece.

Contemporary Seriality: A Roundtable

Contemporary Seriality:A Roundtable Lev Grossman (bio), Sharon Marcus (bio), A. O. Scott (bio), and Julie Snyder (bio) The following has been transcribed and edited for clarity by Sean O'Sullivan. Sharon Marcus (SM): I'm Sharon Marcus—I'm a Professor of English at Columbia University: I'm a Victorianist, and I work on nineteenth-century French literature, so I'm well-acquainted with the history of seriality. I'm also the Dean of Humanities and Editor of publicbooks.org. I would like to thank Lauren Goodlad and Sean O'Sullivan and Eileen Gillooly and everyone at the Heyman Center for putting this on today. I am going to introduce our panelists, although they don't really need an introduction. They say of great actors that you would be happy to listen to them read the phone book. I think we can say of our panelists that we'd be happy to hear them write a review of the phone book, write a novel based on the phone book, or produce the phone book as a radio podcast. [laughter] But rituals are important, so here we go: Lev Grossman is the author of five novels, including the #1 New York Times-bestselling Magicians trilogy, which is now an [End Page 109] hour-long drama on Syfy; he has also been Time magazine's book critic for the past fifteen years. A. O. Scott is a chief film critic of The New York Times and Distinguished Professor of Film Criticism at Wesleyan University; he's the author of Better Living Through Criticism: How to Think About Art, Pleasure, Beauty, and Truth, published earlier this year by Penguin Press. Julie Snyder has been the guiding force behind two of the most successful ventures in audio broadcasting; she is the co-creator of the podcast Serial, which debuted in October 2014 and has been downloaded more than 200 million times, making it the most-listened-to podcast in the history of the form. She has also for many years been the senior producer of the public radio show This American Life, which is heard by more than four million listeners each week. I'm going to start by posing some questions; and then we'll open things up to discussion. I wanted to start with just a very basic question, which is: how has seriality affected you, either in the media you work in, or the media that you focus on as a writer? Lev, for you that would mean, what has it meant to write a one-volume novel that became a trilogy, and a literary work that has been adapted into a TV series? Tony [A. O. Scott], I know you have strong views, you're on record as having views about sequels and franchises—we can come later to TV vs. film, but maybe start with film. Julie, if you could just talk about what it was like to, in some ways, invent the idea of a serial podcast, or popularize the idea of a serial podcast—and working specifically in radio, what makes a radio serial different from a literary one or an audio-visual one? Whoever wants to go first. Julie Snyder (JS): Work down the aisle? Lev Grossman (LG): All right—I'll go first. I do have some experience with serial forms—I entered into them slightly backwards, and always in exchange for money. [laughter] I wrote a novel called The Magicians; I wrote it as a stand-alone, it was published as a stand-alone. I then afterwards changed my mind, and I expanded it into a trilogy; and then that trilogy was turned into an hour-long drama on Syfy. And I guess I would say my reflections are that it was surprisingly traumatic to watch the story, really on its structural level, be transmuted into a TV series; it had a little bit the feel of a really bad transporter accident on Star Trek. [laughter] Things that I learned right off the bat were, one: there's sort of a maximum size to the kind of narrative unit that you can deploy when you are telling...

디지털 오디오 방송 수신기 감도 향상을 위한 외부 저잡음 증폭기 성능개선

차량용 DAB(Digital Audio Broadcasting) 수신기의 감도 개선을 위해 외부 저잡음 증폭기(External Low Noise Amplifier)가 필요하다. 이는wanted signal의 신호 상태에 따라 이득이 제어된다. 하지만, wanted signal level이 작아서 인접 채널의 signal을 송출하는 기지국이 근거리에 위치함으로써, wanted signal을 송출하는 기지국이 원거리에 위치하여, 원치않는 강전계 신호가 입력 되는 경우가 발생 할 수 있다. 이 순간에 외부 저잡음 증폭기가 high gain 상태를 유지하고 있다면 인접 채널 signal이 wanted band에 unwanted noise로 작용하게 되어 수신 성능 저하로 이어질 수 있다. 이때 인접 채널 signal level을 감지하여 적절하게 외부 저잡음 증폭기 이득 제어를 수행한다면, 외부 저잡음 증폭기의 선형성에 의한 수신 성능 열화를 피할 수 있고, DAB 수신기 본래의 성능을 유지할 수 있다.