Audience Groups Research Articles

Improvement of K-Means Algorithm and Its Application in Air Passenger Grouping.

The k-means is one of the most popular clustering analysis algorithm and widely used in various fields. Nevertheless, it continues to have some shortcomings, for example, extremely sensitive to the initial center points selection and the special points such as noise or outliers. Therefore, this paper proposed initial center points' selection optimization and phased assignment optimization to improve the k-means algorithm. The experimental results on 15 real-world and 10 synthetic datasets show that the improved k-means outperforms its main competitor k-means ++ and under the same setting conditions, namely, using the default parameters,its clustering performance is better than Affinity Propagation, Mean Shift, and DBSCAN. The proposed algorithm was applied to analyze the airline seat selection data to air passengers grouping. The clustering results, as well as absolute deviation rate analysis, realized customer grouping and found out suitable audience group for the recommendation of seat selection services.

СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ МЕДИА И ЗАПРОС НА КЛАССИЧЕСКИЙ КАНОН

The article examines the phenomenon of the classical canon in the context of the development of modern media. The modern media environment is increasingly turning to classical literature. The number of projects devoted to canonical texts is growing, while their popularity is increasing by attracting the attention of the audience of non-professional readers – the largest audience group. Classical / canonical literature in the media is presented as one of the many types of content – sites, portals, groups in social networks, mobile applications, etc., and therefore has to compete for the attention of the audience along with other media, that is, to enter into competitive media relations (“struggle” according to P. Bourdieu) with other types of literary content, including entertainment content and content dedicated to contemporary literature – from literary reviews and recommendation lists to marginal phenomena at the intersection of shows and naive poetic creativity. More and more popular is the “repackaging” of the classics: visualization, tests, games. Being in conditions of competition with other media for the attention of visitors, modern media devoted to literature are forced to focus primarily on the demand of the mass audience, in the formation of which the so-called school canon plays an important role – the idea of an unchanged number of works of art for compulsory reading. In this context, the question of the interaction of three agents of the cultural field is considered: institutions of power (school) – audience (non-professional readers) – media (critics). Given that the school canon is becoming more conservative, the author discusses the prospects for its narrowing.

Formula 1 Grands Prix demand across different distribution channels

ABSTRACT Rationale Over the last two decades, sports economists and management scholars alike have increasingly begun modeling the tv demand for professional sports, most notably association football. However, there as yet exists no empirical study on whether the observed mechanisms are robust across different distribution channels. Design/methodology/approach In this study, we add to this still-emerging literature stream by analyzing the robustness of otherwise well-explored determinants of tv demand across different distribution channels (free-to-air and pay-tv), also distinguishing between male and female tv audiences. Findings/research contribution Interestingly, exploring the German tv demand for F1 racing at two different tv channels holding non-exclusive media rights between 2011 and 2017, we note that the effects of most (e.g. the starting time, weather), though not all, determinants are robust across the two different channels and the two audience groups. Practical implications Our results thus suggest that media right holders interested in maximizing television audience demand for a sport broadcast are well-advised to add nuance to their communication efforts.

Influence Maximization in Trajectory Database

Abstract: In this project, we study a novel problem of influence maximization in trajectory databases that is very useful in precise location-aware advertising. It finds k best trajectories to be attached with a given advertisement and maximizes the expected influence among a large group of audience. We show that the problem is NP-hard and propose both exact and approximate solutions to find the best set of trajectories. In the exact solution, we devise an expansion-based framework that enumerates trajectory combinations in a best-first manner and propose three types of upper bound estimation techniques to facilitate early termination. In addition, we propose a novel trajectory index to reduce the influence calculation cost. To support large k, we propose a greedy solution with an approximation ratio of (1-1/e), whose performance is further optimized by a new proposed cluster-based method. We also propose a threshold method that can support any approximation ratio ∈ (0, 1]. In addition, we extend our problem to support the scenario when there are a group of advertisements. In our experiments, we use real datasets to construct user profiles, motion patterns and trajectory databases. The experimental results verified the efficiency of our proposed methods.

A Self-Adaptive Recommendation Method for Online Ideological and Political Teaching Resources Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning

The online ideological as well as the political teaching resource management system structure is established in the view of information management in colleges and universities. Furthermore, the online ideological as well as the political teaching information level is improved by combining the optimized design of resource recommendation model. In this paper, an online ideological as well as political teaching resource adaptive recommendation system and algorithm, which is designed on deep reinforcement learning, is suggested. The cost relationship model between online ideological as well as the political teaching resources and learning profitability is constructed. Similarly, the multidimensional constraint index parameter analysis method is adopted, and the adaptive matching model of online ideological as well as the political teaching resources is established. According to online ideological as well as the political teaching norms, combined with the analysis of high-quality educational resources of audience groups, the dynamic evaluation of online ideological as well as the political teaching resources and the adaptive matching model of interest preferences are established. Finally, the deep reinforcement learning method is adopted. By analyzing the characteristics of the resource structure model of online ideological as well as the political teaching resources, through benefit evaluation, resource supply and demand balance management analysis and balanced game control, the online ideological as well as the political teaching resources management system can be improved and self-adaptive recommended. The simulation outcomes indicate that this approach has noble adaptability and high correctness in recommending online ideological as well as the political teaching resources.

Creation of Drama Art Based on Deep Learning and Evolution Strategy

The rapid development of information technology has promoted the growth of deep learning, artificial intelligence, and big data technology. Nowadays, the artistic form of traditional opera creation is accepted and respected by people—more and more people like the art form. However, the artistic creation of traditional opera needs inspiration. The essence of inspiration creation is to reconstruct its objective structure. The deep learning algorithm’s essence is to extract all of the attributes of sample self-learning input data and use them as inspiration for artistic production. First, this paper briefly introduces the deep learning and evolution strategy and uses these algorithms in opera art creation to construct 1 + λ. With the help of this evolutionary algorithm, an optimal solution is obtained through random evolution. The evolution strategy establishes the evolution function matrix. Starting from the situation of students learning opera art, this article examines the process of creating opera art using an in-depth learning and evolution technique. The results show that 96 percent of the students have contact with opera while watching an opera tour. During this, they were not interested in the performance of literary drama in traditional opera. However, it was noticed that they were deeply interested in martial arts, clown performances, and drama stage performances. Finally, the audience group of opera artistic creation is analyzed in the form of opera animation of “A Journey to the West: The Return of the Great Sage.” It signifies that the opera’s leading audience group is aged 25 to 29. However, they account for only 30 percent.

Designing Conviviality? How Music Festival Organizers Produce Spaces of Encounter in an Urban Context

Inclusion and diversity have become paramount within the festival sector and beyond, often focusing on bringing together a diverse group of people within one space. Within leisure studies, there has been a longstanding interest in leisure as spaces where people meet “others.” Nevertheless, previous research found that physical proximity is often not sufficient to enable social mixing. Adopting a cross-disciplinary approach combining urban planning and design with cultural sociology and leisure studies, this article addresses how music festival organizers produce spaces of encounter within festival spaces. The study is based on semi-structured interviews with 31 organizers of music festivals in Rotterdam. Findings indicate that organizers use their knowledge of spatial design and symbolic boundaries to stimulate or block movement of audience groups, which affects segregation and mixing of audience groups within a festival. Spaces of encounter therefore are consciously designed through symbolic and social boundaries that have spatial consequences.

A Study on Bridging the Policy Depravity of Farmhouse Books in the Context of Rural Revitalization

To the policy audience group, the implementation of farmhouse policy is the goal of realizing the freedom of rural residents to read books and meeting the basic needs of rural residents for public cultural services; to the policy implementation body, it is the goal of developing the rural publishing market and pursuing the policy construction performance. However, in the practice of rural revitalization, the implementation of rural bookstore policy does suffer from the phenomenon of policy degradation, which is manifested in the simplicity of policy formulation, homogeneity of policy implementation and lack of policy feedback. Finally, in order to bridge the gap between the policies of rural bookstores, we should promote open-door decision-making to increase the adaptability of policies, increase the number of participating subjects to promote the accuracy of policy implementation, and improve policy evaluation to enhance the enthusiasm of policy feedback, so as to maximize the policy effects of rural bookstores and bridge the gap between the policies.

Netizen's Reception of Covid-19 Vaccination Policy Communication Through Instagram Account @kemenkes_ri

The Covid-19 vaccination is one of the efforts of the Indonesian government to reduce morbidity and mortality due to the Covid-19 virus that hit Indonesia. In addition, this policy aims to create herd immunity in Indonesian society. The Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, as the leading sector of the Covid-19 vaccination policy in Indonesia, continues to disseminate policies so that target groups can see, understand, and prepare to implement this policy. The @kemenkes_ri account, managed by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, is used as one of the communication strategies in communicating this policy. Public acceptance of this policy is very diverse, as seen from the comments made in several publications at @kemenkes_ri about Covid-19 vaccination. This study aims to analyze the audience's acceptance and meaning of the Covid-19 vaccination policy information submitted through the @kemenkes_ri account. The method used in this research is using the qualitative interpretive method with a constructivist approach and reception analysis of Stuart Hall's encoding-decoding model. Data collection in this study was obtained by conducting semi-structured interviews and analyzing @kemenkes_ri Instagram feed uploads. Public acceptance of the Covid-19 vaccination policy in Indonesia is divided into three groups: hegemonic dominant positions, hegemonic negotiating positions, and hegemonic opposition positions. The three audience groups have different meaning constructions regarding the Covid-19 vaccination policy in Indonesia.

Ethnic Integration and Identification: A Study on the Use and Effect of Chinese Man Dialect

This paper from the expression of dialect culture characteristics and the perspective of national traditional cultural identity, through the interview method in 2016 domestic cartoon "under one", for example, combined with the dialect of domestic animation, the original development of Chinese animation to the global output of Chinese traditional culture under the background of the whole perspective. This paper focuses on the perspective of the output of traditional Chinese cartoon culture, discussing the cognition and cultural effect of animation with dialect to the foreign audience. The research has found that the innovation of Chinese animation integrates more Chinese elements and reflects the national nature of Chinese animation, so that the audience group is more likely to form a sense of national cultural identity.

Research on brand design of maternal and child

There are a wide range of topics included in brand research. In this paper, cherry style of maternal and infant brands is taken as the research object to explore the case presentation of brand design, pay attention to its details, and study and learn the awareness and quality that should be in the process of brand image design. Combined with interdisciplinary comprehensive research methods, brand science, semiotics, design, aesthetics and other relevant theoretical knowledge, on the basis of in-depth excavation of maternal and infant brands' own characteristics and market advantages, the characteristics and rules of maternal and infant brand design thinking are studied. This paper will be carried out in the following aspects: The first chapter is the overview of maternal and child brands; The second chapter analyzes the characteristics and rules of maternal and child brand design based on market research. The third chapter is the design concept and process, introduces the detailed business of the brand, establishes the market positioning and brand spirit and analyzes the audience group; The fourth chapter is the design process and the results show. Finally completed a series of designs such as the logo and auxiliary graphics of baby and baby brand Yingfan. The requirements of the logo and auxiliary graphics in line with its brand characteristics, brand spirit.

Going virtual: effectiveness of virtual opportunities in engaging applicants for plastic surgery residencies.

PurposeDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, virtual events led by residency programs have eased deficits formed by the lack of in-person opportunities. Despite their anecdotal success, there is yet a study on their utility and value, as perceived by attendees. Therefore, we sought to investigate engagement rates of virtual opportunity posts via Instagram, equipping residency programs with recommendations for future virtual event planning.MethodsThe 40 PRS residency programs with the highest number of followers on Instagram were inspected for posts regarding virtual opportunities. The virtual opportunities were classified by type, medium, and intended audience. The number of opportunities within each classification was analyzed, along with the like/comment to follower ratios, and compared via ANOVA tests.ResultsA total of 141 virtual opportunities were evaluated, with the most events occurring in August (21.6%). The highest engagement rates occurred in May and June, with the most common virtual opportunity being meet and greets with residents (39.2%). The most prevalent medium for virtual events was Zoom, used in 84.7% of events. The intended audience was frequently medical students (80.6%), with a significant difference in engagement between audience groups (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe pandemic has disrupted the status quo of resident recruitment. In light of these findings, residency programs should consider instilling virtual opportunities for medical students as a standard practice. Peak times to broadcast events are May or June due to higher engagement. To address attendee burnout, programs should limit events to familiar ones, such as Zoom meet and greets with residents.

دوافع تعرض الجمهور للقنوات الفضائية الرياضية المتخصصة والإشباعات المتحققة منه

تلخصت مشكلة البحث في التساؤل الرئيس الذي وضعته الباحثة وهو: ما مدى تعرض الجمهور للقنوات الفضائية الرياضية المتخصصة، وما الإشباعات المتحققة منها؟، وتلخصت أهداف البحث في الكشف عن عادات وانماط تعرض الجمهور للقنوات الفضائية الرياضية المتخصصة؟ ومعرفة أسباب تفضيل الجمهور القنوات الفضائية الرياضية المتخصصة؟ فضلا عن الكشف عن الدوافع والإشباعات المتحققة لدى الجمهور من التعرض للقنوات الفضائية الرياضية المتخصصة؟وانطلق البحث من فروض استنباطية (من فروض نظرية الإستخدامات والإشباعات)، وهي: (توجد علاقة ارتباطية دالة احصائياً بين معدل تعرض الجمهور للقنوات الفضائية الرياضية المتخصصة والدوافع المتعلقة من هذا التعرض)، (توجد علاقة ارتباطية دالة احصائياً بين دوافع تعرض الجمهور للقنوات الفضائية الرياضية المتخصصة والإشباعات المتحققة من هذا التعرض)، والفرض الثالث (توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية طبقاً للمتغيرات الديموغرافية فيما يتعلق بدوافع تعرض الجمهور للقنوات الفضائية الرياضية المتخصصة والإشباعات المتحققة من هذا التعرض). واستخدمت الباحثة المنهج المسحي توصيفه المنهج الملائم لهذا البحث مستخدمة استمارة الاستبيان أداة لجمع البيانات من مفردات عّينة البحث التي بلغت (200) مبحوثٍ من مدينة بغداد المركز الذي يضم أقضية الكرخ والرصاقة ومدينة الصدر الأولى والثانية، تم اختيارهم على وفق العينة العشوائية المتعددة المراحل (المساحية)، وتمت مزاوجتها بالعّينة غير الاحتمالية (الغرضية)، من فئات الجمهور التي تشاهد القنوات الفضائية الرياضية المتخصصة، وقد توصل البحث إلى نتائج عدة من أهمها: إنَّ غالبية المبحوثين يشاهدون القنوات الفضائية الرياضية المتخصصة، بصفة مستمره "دائماً" بعدد تكرارات بلغت (120%)، مبحوثاً وبنسبة (60%). و أظهرت النتائج أنَّ المبحوثين يفضلون مشاهدة القنوات الفضائية الرياضية المتخصصة في الفترة المسائية الثانية من (6 مساءً- 10 مساءً)، والبالغ عددهم (127)، مبحوثا وبنسبة (63.5%). وتوصل البحث الى وجود علاقة ارتباطية دالة احصائياً بين معدل تعرض الجمهور للقنوات الفضائية الرياضية المتخصصة والدوافع المتعلقة من هذا التعرض، و أنَّ درجة الحاجة أو الدافع من التعرض للقنوات الفضائية الرياضية المتخصصة بمستوى مرتفع. فضلا عن وجود علاقة ارتباطية دالة احصائياً بين دوافع تعرض الجمهور للقنوات الفضائية الرياضية المتخصصة والإشباعات المترتبة من هذا التعرّض، وتشير النتيجة إلى أن درجة الإشباع المتحققة من التعرض للقنوات الفضائية الرياضية المتخصصة كانت بمستوى عالٍ.

Brand purpose, authenticity and impact measurement

COVID-19 has changed the world. The post-pandemic world will not be the same as it was before March 2020. In a world where many marketing and business elements were already experiencing a technological revolution and having to adapt practices, COVID-19 accelerated change, eliciting a rapid move to a virtual world. Alongside new digital behaviours there are greater demands on organisations from stakeholders to demonstrate behaviours and actions that engender trust. Customers want reassurance that personal data and privacy will be protected by organisations with good governance in place. Stakeholders also have growing awareness of environmental issues and their power of influence on organisational behaviour and sustainability. Organisations face increased pressure too to behave ethically on social issues around diversity, equality and inclusion. All of these factors place greater demands on organisations to demonstrate clear brand purpose that inspires trust. And actions must match words. Stakeholders and customers will not accept empty promises or deceptive practices. The COVID-19 pandemic has also wrought political and economic disruption, and stakeholders — customers, employees and shareholders — have increasingly sought refuge in brands as trust in government, state institutions and media has fallen. This disruption has also seen social media overtaking traditional media as a source of news and information. This rapid change has created both opportunity and challenge for communicators and marketers. This paper suggests that, to thrive in the post-pandemic environment, organisations that seek to reassert their purpose and values and demonstrate authentic behaviour in delivering on their promises are likely to establish deeper trust and a strong reputation. To measure the impact of purpose, authenticity and trust, it is necessary to develop a framework that evaluates and takes into account exposure, comment, enablement and interaction; considers multiple stakeholder and audience groups; and aligns communications goals with organisational objectives.

An Evaluation of the use of Audio Guidance in Augmented Reality Systems Implemented at Sites of Cultural Heritage

Recently, museums and historic sites have begun reaching out beyond their traditional audience groups, using more innovative digital display technology to find and attract a new audience. Virtual, mixed, and Augmented Reality (AR) technologies are becoming more ubiquitous in our society and “virtual history” exhibits are starting to be available to the public. There are numerous studies focusing on AR, however a scant amount of research is being done at historical sites. An initial experiment used repeated measures (ANOVA) to compare and rank three different types of AR devices used at a site of cultural heritage. A further experiment was then undertaken to observe participants using two different AR devices with and without sound to determine if which device used or the presence of sound impact the usability of the device, or the user’s satisfaction/preference of specific devices. Several surveys, including demographic and usability surveys, were provided in order to collect a range of user data. A two-way repeated measures (ANOVA) were used to analyze the quantitative data gathered. No significant effects were observed based on the quantitative data provided by the surveys, indicating that all devices were equally usable and satisfactory, and that sound did not have a significant impact in this instance. However, the qualitative data indicated that users may prefer using AR technology on a smartphone device and preferred to use this device paired with sound.

New Theatre-Fans: Empirical Research Experience

Global changes and challenges of the 21st century have significantly changed both the conditions for the social functioning of art and its audience. This has shifted the focus of contemporary research interests from creating a socio-cultural portrait of the viewer to the area of comprehending new forms of cultural consumption, the origins and drivers of cultural activity. These aspects of the socio-cultural dynamics of the theater audiences are discussed in this paper, which continues the publication of the results of a large-scale sociological study of the audience of the Chekhov Moscow Art Theater. Our interest is primarily due to the historically formed special perception of this theater by the public, which distinguishes the Moscow Art Theater from other theaters of the country. Basing on the empirical data of sociological polls of two types — in the theater auditorium and on the Internet — and using the methods of mathematical statistics, we identify those features that most characterize the modern theater audience and reflect fundamentally new trends in its cultural activity. We note the stratification of the theater audience on completely new qualitative grounds and the establishment of a new cultural phenomenon at the forefront of theatrical life — the online theater-fan. To answer the question about the existence of a certain “generic peculiarity” of the Moscow Art Theater audience, which in previous years embodied the legendary Moscow Art Theater tradition, we tried to identify the latent features of the audience that are not reducible to the traditional quantitative measurements of spectator activity. The findings of the study are unexpected. In some ways they disappoint, but at the same time they explain a lot in the current trends of cultural consumption. They supplement the theoretical landscape with empirical data on the qualitative and behavioral characteristics of the modern theater audience and its cultural activity, which is steadily drifting into the online space. Theoretically comprehending the results obtained we fit them into the broad context of international studies of cultural life. So, behind the particular features of specific audience groups, we can catch the manifestations of global cultural processes that determine the current sociodynamics of the audience of art.

The recontextualization of art exhibition text panels for children: a comparative analysis of the semiotic resources in audience-sensitive texts

ABSTRACT It is currently part of the mission of art museums to actively involve children in learning experiences and empower them through a variety of programmes – including developing text panels specialized for children. To date, we have only a limited understanding of the semiotic resources in audience-sensitive exhibition text panels. Drawing upon Systemic Functional Linguistics, this paper analyses and compares 56 text panels in an exhibition from the Art Gallery of New South Wales in Australia. They are comprised of two versions of text panels for 28 artworks, targeting different groups of audiences, respectively (children and adults). It is found that the children’s texts have been recontextualized to evoke interest in learning to paint, while the adults’ texts focus on aesthetic appreciation. The comparative analysis shows that audience-sensitive text writing is interrelated with its social context in view of field, tenor, mode, and genre. This paper further explores how the production of audience-sensitive text panels contributes to the pedagogic, commercial, and community value of art museums.

Argumentative practices and patterns in debating climate change on Twitter

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate practices of argumentation on Twitter discussions about climate change.Design/methodology/approachConversational threads were collected from the Twitter API. Fundamental concepts from argumentation theory and linking practices were operationalised through a coding schema for content analysis. Tweets were analysed in the context of the discussions and coded according to their argumentative approach, interaction type and argumentation stage. Linked and embedded sources were analysed in order to find how they were used in arguments, the plausibility and soundness of the message, the consistency and trustworthiness of the linked source and its adequacy with the target audience.FindingsAmong the interactions between arguers, this study found five typical practices and several patterns involving the dynamics of the conversations, the strategy of the argumentation and the linking practices. Although the rhetorical approach was prominent, the agreement was rarely achieved. The arguers used a variety of sources to justify or support their positions, often embedding non-textual content. These linking practices, together with the strategy adopted and the topics discussed, suggest the involvement of a multiple audience engaged in discussing ad lib scientific artefacts, topics and outputs.Originality/valueWhile Twitter has been the focus for many research papers, the conversational threads have been given little attention so far. With the Twitter API making conversations more accessible for research, this paper does not only give insight into multiple audience group argumentation dynamics but also provides a method to study the conversations from an argumentation theory perspective.

Capital Relations in the Winning Strategy of H. Khairunas and H. Yulian Efi in the 2020 Solok Selatan Regency Continuing Simultaneous Elections

This study discusses the capital relations used by the pair Khairunnas and Yulian Efi in the 2020 simultaneous elections in South Solok Regency. In this study, the researcher uses the concept of capital proposed by Piere Boerdiu regarding economic, cultural, social and political capital. What is the form of capital relations in the strategy of winning the Khairunas and Yulian Efi pairs in the continued simultaneous elections of South Solok Regency in 2020. The first data emerges from the strategy of consolidating parties and successful teams. In the consolidation of political parties, economic capital and political capital become an important relationship. Based on the results of interviews with the treasurer informants of the Khairunas and Yulian Efi winning team and the supporting parties, in establishing the consolidation of political parties, it was found that there was a fairly large political cost in establishing communication and getting support with supporting parties, this is what affects the relationship between economic capital and capital. politics towards the consolidation of political parties. Furthermore, segmentation, targeting and positioning strategies, segmentation is basically used to get to know more groups of audiences that are useful for finding opportunities, undermining opposing groups based on preferences, preferences, desires, tastes, lifestyles, value systems and even personal problems. The positioning strategy will be in line with social capital where positioning will lead to the introduction of candidates to the public. canvassing strategy which is the spearhead of the Khairunas and Yulian Efi winning team in collaboration with third parties where the third party here is the bright survey agency.

Gamification and Its Application in Social Network Implementation

In this communication strategy, ideal audiences that are perceived to yield an effective influence of the stakeholders include national security or intelligence groups, as well as external firms that engage in regular monitoring of user information systems in collaboration with Visa’s internal group of experts. Indeed, the role of the national intelligence group(s) lies in addressing potential legal liabilities that could arise from any customer complaints relating to communication failures or lapses when malicious activities are detected. Similarly, the national intelligence group acts as a regulator to check trends in Visa Inc.’s conformity to standards shaping the state of communication about user information (in terms of frequency) and advising about some of the emerging technologies or platforms that ought to be incorporated to foster inclusivity and reach out to as many customer bases as possible. On the other hand, external firms responsible for regular monitoring of user information will play the role of examining some of the strengths of the communication strategies outlined and advising about possible improvements that could be made to avoid lapses regarding the duration and frequency of updates to the customers. It is also worth noting that the general public forms another audience group that the formulated strategy seeks to involve because this group plays a significant role of airing views about possible improvements that could be made to the company’s current communication goals. An ideal communication platform through which views from members of the public could be received and enacted accordingly is the social media, a trend that prompts Visa to have open forums from which these members could be allowed to channel their views about the merits and demerits accruing from the communication goals and their eventual implementation.