Audience Building Research Articles

Impact of Social Media in Blogging

The rapid evolution of social media platforms has significantly transformed the landscape of blogging, creating a dynamic interplay between content creators and their audiences. this research explores the nuanced and evolving impact of social media, with a specific focus on the influence of instagram on fashion blogging engagement. The study delves into recent algorithm changes on instagram and their repercussions on the visibility, content strategies, audience building, and monetization efforts of fashion bloggers. The purpose of this study is to educate scientists and library professionals about social media and its potential use in the course of doing research. In addition to providing a fundamental overview of social media to aid in decision-making regarding its use for academic and research objectives, the paper also assists by providing a detailed description of a few tools from the vast array that are available. This work also demonstrates how social media might alter the ways in which academics can create new routes for faster information dissemination through blogging and blogs, as well as new kinds of communication. Keywords:- Social media, blog, blogging, Twitter, microblogging.

Monetization in online streaming platforms: an exploration of inequalities in Twitch.tv

The live streaming platform Twitch underwent in recent years an impressive growth in terms of viewership and content diversity. The platform has been the object of several studies showcasing how streamers monetize their content via a peculiar system centered around para-sociality and community dynamics. Nonetheless, due to scarcity of data, lots is still unknown about the platform-wide relevance of this explanation as well as its effect on inequalities across streamers. In this paper, thanks to the recent availability of data showcasing the top 10,000 streamers revenue between 2019 and 2021, as well as viewership data from different sources, we characterized the popularity and audience monetization dynamics of the platform. Using methods from social physics and econometrics, we analyzed audience building and retention dynamics and linked them to observed inequalities. We found a high level of inequality across the platform, as well as an ability of top streamers to diversify their revenue sources, through audience renewal and diversification in monetization systems. Our results demonstrate that, even if the platform design and affordance favor monetization for smaller creators catering to specific niches, its non-algorithmic design still leaves room for classical choice biases allowing a few streamers to emerge, retain and renew a massive audience.

Perceptions surrounding the development of personal style in Cantonese opera among artists, connoisseurs, and beginner audiences in Hong Kong

Cantonese opera is a representative opera genre from Hong Kong, given much attention and support by the territory’s government. However, current artists tend not to develop their own personal style in favor of imitating previous master performers to earn the audience’s applause. This study aims to determine the perceptions surrounding the development of personal styles of Cantonese opera performances among artists, connoisseurs, and beginner audiences in Hong Kong. We surveyed 530 artists, connoisseurs, and beginner audience members about their thoughts about the issue across six dimensions: Value, Possibility, Audience Expectation, Perception of Artists, Artist–Audience Interaction, and Environment. We used a multivariate analysis of variance process to test whether the perception of these three groups of stakeholders varied by age, sex, or educational background. Findings revealed that the artists’ and audience’s age and their knowledge and experience were critical. Older audience members tended to value personal style and creativity more than younger audience members. Younger artists tended to be more confident about developing their personal style, while older artists were generally not so eager. Therefore, early emphasis on developing personal style in both school education and professional training is vital to both audience building and nurturing creative artists.

Interactive Web Documentaries: A Case Study of Video Viewing Behaviour on iOtok

ABSTRACT This article explores video-viewing behavior when videos are wrapped in interactive content in the case of iOtok, a 13-episodes web documentary series. The interaction and viewing data were collected over a period of one year, providing a dataset of more than 12,200 total video views by 6000 users. Standard metrics (video views, percentage viewed, number of sessions) show higher active participation for registered users compared to unregistered users. Results also indicate that serialization over multiple weeks is an effective strategy for audience building over a long period of time without negatively affecting video views. In viewing behavior analysis, we focused on three perspectives: (i) regularity (watching on a weekly basis or not), (ii) intensity (number of videos per session), and (iii) order of watching. We performed a perspective based and combined perspectives analysis involving manual coding techniques, rule-based, and k-means clustering algorithms to reveal different user profiles (intermittent, exemplary, detached, enthusiastic users, and nibblers) and highlight further viewing behavior differences (e.g., post-series users binge-watched more than concurrent users during first 13 weeks while the series was weekly released). We discuss how these results can be used to inform the design and promotion of future web documentaries.

Integration of Online Social Network and E-Commerce Business through Facebook Pages

The aim of this paper is to explore Facebook page options through which e-commerce companies can establish relationship with online social networking users. It explores the various options available on Facebook page like audience building, data analysis, paid promotions etc. Techniques for organic and paid promotion discussed to build the page audience. Comprehensive study on data insights provided by Facebook is tabulated. This paper highlights the factors for integration of Online Social Network and e-commerce to help ecommerce companies to focus on building audience and converting them into sale. A step by step implemen-tation starting from page setup, audience building and data analy-sis is presented.

The economics of social media (super-)stars: an empirical investigation of stardom and success on YouTube

ABSTRACT A new type of superstars developed with the rise of social media markets: social media superstars (SMS). The economic literature on the superstar phenomenon provides empirical evidence on different types of stars, above all athletes and musicians. This paper presents the first empirical work on SMS with original data from YouTube. Using various econometric techniques, we analyze a unique sample of 200 YouTube stars out of four different video categories to shed light on this new phenomenon. Beyond applying classic economic concepts on superstars by Rosen, MacDonald, and Adler, we contribute to extending the literature toward attention economics and the concepts of audience building (audience attraction and maintenance). In our empirical analysis, we find evidence supporting an inverse U-shape influence of upload frequency on the success of SMS. Moreover, we find empirical evidence that the duration and experience in the market have a significant influence on social media success. Eventually, we derive implications for superstar theory, SMS management, service providers, and advertisers.

New Indies in old skins: the online audience building for The Hunt for Gollum

ABSTRACTThe Internet has allowed some cultural entrepreneurs to access worldwide mass audiences. The Hunt for Gollum (2009) was one of the earliest success stories, reaching over twelve million viewers. Examples like this have led to numerous claims that the Internet revolutionizes the creative industries, allowing truly independent cultural entrepreneurship by re-defining financing, production, marketing, distribution and exhibition of creative products. While the Internet impacts the creative industries in a multitude of ways, this article argues that building audiences for independent films continues to follow traditional principles. It presents its argument in two stages: (I) it first identifies key principles of The Hunt for Gollum’s audience building, providing an insight into filmmaking practices of early twenty-first-century independent filmmakers, and (II) highlights the continuities in the audience building of independent films through a historical contextualization.

50 years on: Galtung and Ruge's news value factors revisited in online audience building for independent films

In 1965, Galtung and Ruge published an influential list of news values. Fifty years later, my article takes this list to demonstrate how mass media principles still apply when building audiences for an independent film in the Internet age. The article builds on the constructivist approach that news values can be actively formulated and stressed. It uses the case study of independent film project 15Malaysia, illustrating how this project, though unknowingly, actively created news value to convince opinion leaders of its worth and, ultimately, build an audience of over two million viewers.

How Social Media Influencers Build a Brand Following by Sharing Secrets

We examine how and why bloggers and other influencers might share secrets online. Based on an exploratory survey of bloggers and the literature on secret sharing, we examine the use of secret sharing as a strategy for audience building. Our results suggest that online influencers disclose intimate personal information, and that, for a subset of these people, this means sharing information they considered secret. In contrast to secret sharing in other domains, this secret sharing by influencers does not appear to be particularly emotionally taxing or therapeutic. Rather, online influencers share secrets for strategic reasons in order to build relationships with their audience and their brand following. As such secrets are usually about the self and for the audience’s direct benefit. Future research should look at the consequences of sharing secrets and when this strategy is likely to be effective, as well as how public personas such as bloggers might redefine what they consider secret over time.

To Crowdfund Research, Scientists Must Build an Audience for Their Work.

As rates of traditional sources of scientific funding decline, scientists have become increasingly interested in crowdfunding as a means of bringing in new money for research. In fields where crowdfunding has become a major venue for fundraising such as the arts and technology, building an audience for one's work is key for successful crowdfunding. For science, to what extent does audience building, via engagement and outreach, increase a scientist's abilities to bring in money via crowdfunding? Here we report on an analysis of the #SciFund Challenge, a crowdfunding experiment in which 159 scientists attempted to crowdfund their research. Using data gathered from a survey of participants, internet metrics, and logs of project donations, we find that public engagement is the key to crowdfunding success. Building an audience or “fanbase” and actively engaging with that audience as well as seeking to broaden the reach of one's audience indirectly increases levels of funding. Audience size and effort interact to bring in more people to view a scientist's project proposal, leading to funding. We discuss how projects capable of raising levels of funds commensurate with traditional funding agencies will need to incorporate direct involvement of the public with science. We suggest that if scientists and research institutions wish to tap this new source of funds, they will need to encourage and reward activities that allow scientists to engage with the public.

Opinion leaders as intermediaries in audience building for independent films in the Internet age

How are contemporary film-makers building audiences independently from distributors or sales agents? This article uses two case studies, Tenner Films and The Hunt for Gollum, to argue that opinion leaders are intermediaries who play a vital role in do-it-yourself audience building for independent films in today’s Internet age. The article concludes that (1) the Internet has increased the number of potential and accessible opinion leaders, (2) online opinion leaders have potentially bigger audiences than their offline counterparts, (3) new opinion leaders have emerged, (4) opinion leaders act as multipliers and (5) non-experts can be opinion leaders too. (6) The Internet allows cultural producers to reach different opinion leaders through a single medium and while (7) different opinion leaders come with different audience sizes, (8) they all continue to function as taste guides. Finally, (9) the Internet makes it easier for independent film-makers to nurture personal audiences and therefore, partially replace opinion leaders by becoming opinion leaders themselves.

Muzeum w rytmie miasta – nowe wyzwania dla tradycyjnej elity

Museum in the rhythm of the city – the new challenges for traditional elite
 City museums have been guardians of city treasures. They illuminate the city’s finest hours and the high points of its history. A careful observation of changes happening in ways and styles of life in societies of late modernity shows limitations resulting from the Enlightenment museum discourse. A postmodernist blurring of a borderline between a high and low culture constitutes a starting point for going beyond fixed modes of thinking about museums as just dignified art institutions and temples of knowledge. Thus, museologists make efforts to make new exhibition arrangements adjusted to the present‑day expectations of the audience building and supporting bonds with the visitors, encouraging for discovering a potential of the artefacts presented, stimulating for a discussion with a suggested vision of the world or, generally speaking, to encourage undertaking cultural practices. Today is perhaps a greater recognition than before that city museums are dealing not just with city treasures, but with the lives of people and their interaction with each other and with their urban environment. Museum can be a unique resource for the better understanding of the city’s present – it can provide an informed platform for planning the city’s future, it can be a forum for debate and discussion to enable city people to contribute actively to their city’s development.

Review of European Expert Network on Culture's audience building and the future Creative Europe programme, 2012

The European Commission's Creative Europe programme is due to replace the current programmes Culture, MEDIA and MEDIA Mundus in 2014, setting partly new priorities for supporting the European culture and creative sectors. In this context, the European Expert Network on Culture prepared a report on audience building across Europe, recommending that audience development should become a future assessment criteria for arts and cultural funding and that, for this purpose, a new European regulatory agency should be set up. It is noted that the report lives up to its objectives, though there are shortcoming. In particular, the evidence base is not sound and the sample of case studies does not appear representative. Notwithstanding, audience development will play a key role in the future Creative Europe programme.

The (Un)bearable Educational Lightness of Common Practices: On the Use of Urban Spaces by Schoolchildren

The present paper is about the author’s current research on children’s education in urban contexts. It departs from the rising offer of programmes for school children in out-of-school contexts (e.g. museums, libraries, science centres). It asks what makes these practices educational (and not just interesting, entertaining and/or audience building). Based on Biesta (2006a, 2010) theory of education, the author frames and analyses the educational characteristics of, and possibilities of articulating, in and out-of-school educational practices. This paper aims at understanding if the occasional outing from primary school premises promotes interruptions in the humanist foundations of school. In order to analyse relations between different institutions and professionals (to be) engaged in educational activities and programmes, Novoa (2002, 2009) essays will be brought to the discussion, namely his conception of the ‘Public Space of Education’—as a space where culture, education, arts, sports and leisure are shared responsibilities, and where diverse institutions are networked aiming towards societal pluralism. I argue for the possibility of using cities’ public spaces as contexts with a worldly quality to complexify children’s education. Nevertheless, I draw attention to the unbearable educational lightness that these practices may carry if they do not go beyond the praise of chance; as well as to their unsustainable weight if they perpetually repeat school’s normal orders and add up rational discourses.

The London Sinfonietta 1968–2004: A Perspective

The London Sinfonietta’s reputation as a contemporary music ensemble comes from the continuing commitment by its players and artistic directors to its quality of performance. The ensemble also developed a sense of its musical identity by generating a repertoire of commissioned works. This article looks at some of the ways that the Sinfonietta defined its musical ideology and has functioned as a performance-centred art world in which composers are invited to collaborate but are not there by right. It examines the Sinfonietta’s strategies for audience building, the ensemble’s contribution to the development of London’s concert life since its foundation in 1968, and looks at the ways that it has sought to renew itself in response to the different funding and aesthetic environments it has encountered in its history. The Sinfonietta’s venture into Broadway repertoire is discussed in terms of social identity. The article argues, after Jürgen Habermas and T. W. C. Blanning, that one of the most significant contributions of the Sinfonietta has been its continued commitment to the concert event as a forum for critical engagement and cultural debate.

Server Based Java Programming

Ted Neward, Manning Publications Co, Greenwich, CT, 2000, 558 pp. ISBN: 1-88477-771-6, $49.95 Target Audience Building server based application for the future. The reader is supposed to have a good understanding of programming in Java and should also have a brief knowledge of database techniques and know the basis of communications with sockets. The author's goal is to tell the basics of application server development techniques, let you be inspired by the concepts introduced and to let you use the code that comes with the book. Another goal is to tell you how to prepare you for coming changes in technology as well. Server-Based Java Programming is a good reference book for your starting up project. Organization and Content In the forewords the author gives the background of Java and sets the language in its environment comparing it to other languages. Given this you read the book with the aim of learning on how to implement techniques and concepts presented with Java as a tool, more than from learning the Java language from scratch. Each chapter of the book is summarized in the end and the references are kept in each chapter. Neward is starting with covering Java's class loading techniques in depth and how your programs could be upgraded and extended on the fly and anywhere when using these. The following parts covering different aspects of threading are well written and not only gives a description of how Java's interface for threading works but as well tells you some idioms usable, such as active objects and polling techniques. When having these concepts Neward is moving into control and configuration issues and then into socket-based communication. The basics and background are settled and then some source code is given, as example on a simple HTTP-server. Servlets are introduced and a description how you could keep content and logic separated by using them in an n-tier application. Middleware, the chapters are covering the wide spectrum of distributed object technologies existing today such as RPC remote procedure calling, RMI remote method invocation, CORBA, RMI/IIOP and some words about message-oriented middleware as Java Messaging Service. JNI, using Java's Native Interface on the server and how you could use it is told in detail. Monitoring server application from remote application by heartbeat procedures and several simple and useful techniques notifying techniques that can be used are described in the last chapters of the book. Inconsistencies The author is also using a reference implementation GJAS to let the user understand the concepts better. This GJAS could be introduced better or would be left out I think. As with giving URL web addresses in a textbook they tend to get invalid with the time. For example the author's own website has moved. Summary The way this book is structured is excellent. The chapters come in a natural order. As the book is covering only server based programming techniques there are no page-consuming GUI pictures to be found here which makes the book compact and concise although it covers a lot. One drawback with the broad coverage of the book is that you may need some extra literature to get the job done . But if you are aware of that and need some inspiration for your startup project this is recommended. Mikael Omma Umea University

The Gender of Audience Building: Televised Coverage of Women's and Men's NCAA Basketball*

This article, based upon a comparative analysis of televised coverage of the “Final Four” of the women's and men's 1993 NCAA basketball tournaments, sheds light on some of the mechanisms through which an “audience preference” is socially constructed for men's sports over women's sports. First, we examine the temporal framing of the women's and men's tournaments by the sports/media complex. Next, we present a comparative description of the visual and verbal televised presentation of the women's and men's games. On the basis of these comparisons, we argue that the sports/media complex actively constructs audiences that are likely to see the men's Final Four as a dramatic, historic event that they simply “must” watch, while fans are likely to see the women's Final Four as a nonevent or, at best, as just another game. This, we argue, serves to situate viewers of men's sports at a nexus of power and pleasure, while simultaneously containing the potential challenge that female athleticism poses to hegemonic masculinity. Finally, we discuss, in light of socialist‐feminist theory, the potentially contradictory outcomes of recent hints of increased televised coverage of women's basketball.

The Gender of Audience Building: Televised Coverage of Women's and Men's NCAA Basketball

This article, based upon a comparative analysis of televised coverage of the “Final Four” of the women's and men's 1993 NCAA basketball tournaments, sheds light on some of the mechanisms through which an “audience preference” is socially constructed for men's sports over women's sports. First, we examine the temporal framing of the women's and men's tournaments by the sports/media complex. Next, we present a comparative description of the visual and verbal televised presentation of the women's and men's games. On the basis of these comparisons, we argue that the sports/media complex actively constructs audiences that are likely to see the men's Final Four as a dramatic, historic event that they simply “must” watch, while fans are likely to see the women's Final Four as a nonevent or, at best, as just another game. This, we argue, serves to situate viewers of men's sports at a nexus of power and pleasure, while simultaneously containing the potential challenge that female athleticism poses to hegemonic masculinity. Finally, we discuss, in light of socialist-feminist theory, the potentially contradictory outcomes of recent hints of increased televised coverage of women's basketball.

The Mass Media in an Underdeveloped Village

Even at the low development level of a small Andean village, there are persons receiving messages from the modern mass media. The study suggests that the process of media audience building may be fundamentally the same in this quite different culture as in the United States.

Audience Building in Educational Broadcasting

Audience Building in Educational Broadcasting