Audience Area Research Articles

Introduction of a free sound system design exchange format (SDE) for data from different sound systems for noise predictions with complex summation

To consider the correlated sources of sound systems from different manufacturers in noise predictions equally with complex summation, a free exchange format for sound system planning software on the one hand and environmental noise software on the other is being defined in a cooperation with d&b audiotechnik, L-Acoustics and SoundPLAN: SDE = Sound/System Design/Data Exchange/Export This paper introduces the SDE format, its motivation and structure. With increasing open-air events in urban areas, potential problems with noise also increase. Proactive noise predictions can help prevent noise from becoming a problem in the first place. Until now it has not been possible to use data from planned sound systems from different manufacturers for equivalent calculations with complex summation. Modern sound systems have high directivity, especially loudspeaker arrays. The directivity of arrays results from superposition of sound waves from all loudspeakers. This effect is used specifically with line arrays and subwoofer arrays to optimize sound and coverage in audience areas. However, the resulting emission of an entire sound system is not constant over distance. Time-of-flight and relative phase at the receiver points must be considered with complex summation.

Which storytelling people prefer? Mapping news topic and news engagement in social media

Nations engage in a nuanced competition to achieve soft power through social media on a global scale. Exploring the intricate dynamics, research endeavors focus on unraveling the mechanisms by which national media endeavors not only captivate a diverse international audience but also amplify their influence through carefully crafted narratives. However, extant research falls short in both theoretical and empirical examinations of the intricate interplay between news content and news engagement. This research examines in depth the news content strategy employed by China's national media for global communication, focusing on 6632 YouTube videos of CGTN (China Global Television Network) from May 2021 to August 2023. Specifically, utilizing BERTopic machine learning techniques, we identified 16 distinct news topics and associated with news engagement metrics (e.g., number of views, likes, and comments). Our results reveal a pattern of selective engagement and avoidance by international audiences, particularly in their significant interest in geopolitical and technological topics, while showing less interest in Chinese cultural and social news. This study offers valuable insights into the effectiveness of national media's digital storytelling strategy, shedding light on audience preferences and areas for potential recalibration in content dissemination.

Anomalous refraction of acoustic waves using double layered acoustic grating

The paper proposes a double layered acoustic grating for fulfilling acoustic focusing in an anomalous direction. The acoustic grating consists of two layers of rigid panels with periodically perforated slits. By optimizing the positions of the slits on the two layers, both positive and negative refractive indices can be achieved with the phase shift tailored within [-π/2, π/2]. This allows acoustic energy of an obliquely incident plane wave to converge in a predefined focusing region in any direction. The paper predicts the wave propagation manipulated by the acoustic grating based on the surface coupling approach. Then, it discusses how to optimize the slits' positions to collimate the acoustic energy of an obliquely incident plane wave in a specific direction. Such acoustic grating has various potential applications, such as deflecting outdoor noise away from sensitive areas in building acoustics, enhancing acoustic energy in a target audience area in auditorium design, collimating acoustic surface waves, etc.

ANALISA PENGGUNAAN LAMPU SPOT LIGHT PADA PAGELARAN SENDRATARI MAHABRATA GUGURNYA BISMA DI OPEN STAGE, ART CENTRE, WERDI BUDAYA, DENPASAR, BALI

ABSTRACT:
 The series of Bali Arts Festival (PKB) activities are activities that the Balinese people have been waiting for, one of which is the Sendatari Performance which takes place on the open stage, Werdi Budaya, Art Center, Denpasar, Bali. The Mahabrata Ballet episode of the Fall of Bhishma which takes place on the open stage at the Art Center can be watched by the public directly at the location and broadcast live by the local television broadcaster TVRI Bali Station. The performance takes place at night so lighting is a very important factor in supporting the performance. With the correct placement of the lights, a clear image will be produced so that it can be viewed comfortably by viewers at home. The aim of the research is to analyze the types of lights and their placement in ballet performances. This research uses a qualitative research method by analyzing the data descriptively. The analysis was carried out via YouTube media on the Nurai Production Channel link with the content of the Mahabrata Ballet episode, The Fall of Bhishma, specifically regarding the use of lighting, including the types of lights used in the performance. The results of this research were that the lighting used utilized several types of spot lights, with 16 tungsten light units. The lights are directed to several areas, including the ballet area in the middle of the open stage as the main area, the area for traditional musical instruments and stringers, the audience and VIP areas as well as the building part of the open stage
 

МЕДИКО-САНІТАРНЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ЗАСУДЖЕНИХ ДО ПОЗБАВЛЕННЯ ВОЛІ В УКРАЇНІ

At the current stage of its development, according to official data the Ukrainian state annually passes thousands of citizens through prisons, while a large part of all convicts experience a complex of certain rights restrictions while serving sentences related to deprivation of liberty. However, according to the existing doctrine of criminal-legal influence, it is considered that legal restrictions alone will not help to achieve the goal set before the punishment, therefore, convicts also have a significant range of various rights. One of these rights enshrined in Part 1 of Article 107 of the Criminal and Executive Code of Ukraine (hereinafter the Criminal Code of Ukraine) is the receipt of medical care and treatment, including paid medical services at the expense of personal funds or funds of relatives and friends in health care institutions who have a license from the Ministry of Health of Ukraine and are not assigned to the central executive body that implements state policy in the field of execution of criminal punishments. Deficiencies in the medical and sanitary support of convicts can significantly worsen their quality of life and lead to negative consequences for their health. Here are some of the possible disadvantages: limited access to medical care, i.e. convicts may face difficulties in accessing medical care due to limited resources, overcrowding of medical facilities or lack of qualified medical professionals; insufficient medical equipment, i.e. the lack of modern medical equipment and devices can complicate the diagnosis and treatment of those affected; an insufficient number of medical personnel, i.e. a lack of qualified medical specialists, can lead to underestimation and incorrect treatment of the medical problems of convicts; insufficient hygiene conditions, that is, inadequate conditions for personal hygiene can lead to the spread of infections and other diseases among convicts; lack of psychiatric care, i.e. necessary psychiatric care may be limited or unavailable, resulting in undertreatment of mental illness; lack of prevention programs, that is, lack of prevention programs can contribute to the spread of diseases among convicts; disproportionate access to medication ie inmates may have limited access to necessary medication due to financial or organizational constraints; lack of proper conditions for patients, i.e. Important conditions for the treatment of patients (for example, isolation, compliance with the hospital regime) may not be sufficiently provided; insufficient medical monitoring, i.e. the absence of a system of permanent medical monitoring can lead to underestimation and insufficient response to the medical conditions of convicts; unqualified medical care, i.e. insufficient level of professional training of medical personnel can lead to errors in diagnosis and treatment. Optimizing the medical and sanitary provision of residents is an important task to ensure their comfort and safety. Here are some suggestions that can help improve this situation: provision of high-quality medical care, i.e., to promote access of residents to high-quality medical services, including specialist consultations and treatment; creation of specialized medical centers, i.e. in the audience area, you can create medical centers or entire medical units, equipped with the necessary devices and medical equipment; development of prevention and education programs, i.e. organization of informational seminars, trainings and other forms of education, aimed at raising awareness among residents about health, hygiene and preventive measures. Implementation of modern technologies, that is, the use of telemedicine and other innovative technologies for remote consultations and diagnostics; creation of medical databases, i.e. keeping detailed medical statistics and analysis to improve medical care for the elderly; optimizing the transportation system, i.e. ensuring convenient and safe transportation of inmates to medical facilities in case of need; involvement of volunteers and specialists, i.e. involvement of medical specialists and volunteers to provide assistance and support to the elderly; development and implementation of evacuation plans, i.e. development of detailed evacuation plans and actions in case of emergency situations that may arise during the audience; creating comfortable conditions, i.e. providing a sufficient number of sanitary facilities, hygiene equipment and the possibility of cooking; coordination with public health services i.e. cooperation with public health authorities to ensure an effective response to the needs of residents. These suggestions can help create a safer and more comfortable environment for attendees and ensure their health and well-being during events or activities. Key words: medical and sanitary care of convicts, medical support and treatment, deprivation of liberty, legal protection, international standards for the treatment of prisoners.

Chamber music hall acoustics: Measurements and perceptual differences.

This study investigates the room acoustics of seven chamber music halls of various modern and historical architecture by means of objective room acoustic measures and a subjective listening experiment. The acoustic measurements were performed with heavy cloth covering the audience areas to simulate occupancy in the halls. A loudspeaker quartet was used for auralizations, which were reproduced in a surrounding loudspeaker array. The perceptual differences between the halls were evaluated in terms of envelopment, warmth, clarity, proximity, and preference by using a paired comparison paradigm. The subjective evaluations were conducted in two different laboratories and latent class analysis was used to study the agreement between laboratories and the emergence of different listener groups in the ratings of each attribute. Concerning preference, the emergence of two groups found in the study of large symphony halls was confirmed, where one group prefers rich, enveloping sound and one group prefers high clarity. The perceptual ratings were not clearly associated with a specific hall shape, but rather depended on the distribution of early and late sound energy. Thus, the distinction between rectangular and non-rectangular floor plans previously found for large symphony halls was not observed with these smaller halls.

Subwoofer array design for optimal performance and minimal noise pollution in the Roman theatre of Italica, Spain

Subwoofer arrays are widely used in live sound events. However, the performance of sound systems and the generated environmental noise pollution in the vicinity of Roman theatres is not well researched and documented. The investigation aimed to determine the most suitable subwoofer array configuration for an outdoor Roman theatre according to their low frequency coverage across the audience area and overspill on nearby residential areas. Performance suitability was determined by measuring the overall sound pressure (dBA) and spectrum levels of the arrays within the audience area at several locations representative of nearby residential areas. The Array Performance Rating (APR) was calculated for each array configuration to complement performance assessments. Results showed a notorious difference between coupled and uncoupled arrays, as well as between ground-based and flown subwoofer configurations. It was proven that the flown point source array offered overall less sound pressure levels and spectral variability in the audience plane and it caused the least environmental noise pollution. The conclusions drawn from this study can provide valuable guidance applicable to future sound system deployments and reconstruction projects of ancient outdoor theatres of similar architectural and environmental characteristics.

Acoustic effects of elevated platforms for standing audiences in an indoor music venue

The live music industry has grown significantly over the last decade, making live music not only an important component of the cultural scene but also a major economic engine. There is little research or guidance regarding acoustic design for amplified music venues, especially for improvements in the design of the indoor standing audience area. This investigation aimed to determine the acoustic effects and potential benefits to the audience, of elevated platforms in an indoor music venue. Objective parameters such as reverberation (T30), Early Decay Time (EDT), Clarity (C80), Definition (D50), and Sound Pressure Levels (SPL) were analysed through computer simulations for twelve platform arrangements of different platform heights and audience densities. Results from all possible combinations were compared and evaluated for improved acoustical and sound quality. It was shown that the use of elevated platforms reduced reverberation time parameters and increased C80 and D50. These changes in acoustic parameters appeared also to be dependent on audience density. It is expected that the novel information and guidance provided by this research will assist acoustic designers, sound engineers, and other relevant decision-makers to improve the audio-visual experience of standing audiences.

Theory of continuously curved and phased line sources for sound reinforcement

To supply large audience areas uniformly with amplified direct sound, large-scale sound reinforcement often employs line-source loudspeaker arrays adapted to the listening area by either adjusting the angles or delays between their individual elements. This paper proposes a model for such or smaller line-source loudspeakers based on a delayed Green’s function integrated over an unknown contour. For a broad frequency range, stationary phase approximation yields a differential equation that we utilize to find a curve and delay progression providing direct sound levels rolling off with −6β dB per doubling of the distance; curve and phase designs can also be mixed to meet simultaneous targets using multiple design parameters β. The effectiveness of the formalism is proven by simulations of coverage, directivity, and discretization artifacts. Measurements on a miniature line array prototype that targets medium-scale immersive sound reinforcement applications verify the proposed theory for curvature, delay, and mixed designs.

Adjustable acoustics for imperfect rooms

Very often, acousticians are faced with room dimensions that are fixed and cannot be adjusted. This dilemma is exascerbated when the room is to be used for purposes of music performance. It is further complicated when the goal of the room is to present a broad spectrum of music types from classical symphony to modern jazz or rock. An example will be presented of an essentially square room space that was designed and treated to be adaptable to meet the requirements of all types of performances. Tabor College in Hillsboro, KS had space on its campus to build one concert that had to serve all of its performance needs. The physical space available, in order to maximize the size of the hall, also turned out to be a nearly perfect square in the audience area. Tom Ryan of The Hallani Group, working with the author and RealAcoustix, designed an acoustical system that allows the room to perform well for all types of music performances while being easy to change and architecturally beautiful. The design criteria, auralizations, and other information will be presented showing how this was accomplished.

Characteristics of Space and Decoration in the Main Halls of Changdeokgung Palace in Modern Period of Korea

When King Sunjong acceded to the throne in 1907, Injeongjeon Hall and Seonjeongjeon Hall of Changdeokgung Palace were refurbished and renovated. The two halls were transformed into audience area for the king and Daejojeon Hall was rebuilt to become the largest area in the palace that could perform various functions including the king’s state affairs, education, and leisure.</br>In the 1910s, the Painting of Phoenixes was installed in Injeongjeon Hall, and Japanese industrial crafts and European Japonisme furnitures were placed here and in Seonjeongjeon Hall by political intentions of the Japanese government, bringing a forced modernity to the palace. European and Chinese crafts were also brought to the palace. In 1920, Daejojeon Hall was renovated and European furniture, imported in the late 19th century at the beginning of Joseon’s modern diplomatic relations, was arranged to complete a European style audience hall for the king. Qing-style furniture and enamelware were also chosen for the palace as they were suitable for the spacious rooms and new lifestyle of using chairs and tables. The Qing-style was mostly Peranakan style, favored by Chinese immigrants to the Southeast Asia who were important customers for the late 19<sup>th</sup> century Qing artisans. On the other hand, traditional court paintings were continued by painters such as Yang Kihoon and Kim Gyujin who tried to maintain the tradition while accepting modernity even though Joseon was occupied by Japan at the time. Moreover, painters provided designs for craftsmen who made products that lay foundations for modern craftworks. The early 20<sup>th</sup> century interior designs at Changdeokgung Palace accommodated the political and social circumstances and the distinct characteristics of the space, and consequently created new values of modernity and cultural diversity particular to Korea.

Blind estimation of sound coloration in rooms using chi-square distributions of damping constants.

Depending on the room type and various other assumptions, the damping distribution of a room will follow a specific "reference distribution," i.e., any deviation from the distribution should indicate sound coloration. In this paper, sound coloration will be caused by the acoustic feedback when operating sound reinforcement systems at relatively high gain settings. A sound reinforcement system based on measured impulse responses as well as an "emulated" system are studied using two speech and two music samples with system gains ranging from low to just before instability. Using one microphone placed in the audience area, blind estimation of sound coloration is achieved by computing decay times of non-harmonic components in the time-frequency domain. The results show that the computed damping distributions agree well with the chi-square distributions at low system gains. As the system gain increases, the distributions are shifted toward lower damping constants, and their shapes deviate more and more from the reference distribution, thus, giving a clear indication of sound coloration. The suggested objective measures show that deviations from the reference damping distribution can be detected at substantially lower system gains compared to results of related listening tests where audible coloration is evaluated.

A proposal for the acoustic characterization of circular bullrings.

The aim of this paper is to facilitate the experimental measurement of acoustic metrics in circular bullrings in accordance with the ISO 3382 standards and to enable the comparison of acoustic measurements and simulations for the various types of bullrings. The proposal analyzes those items in the standard that exert a certain influence on acoustic measurement in bullrings. Based on the identification of the sound sources and audience areas characteristic of bullfights, several locations are proposed, and the most suitable source-receiver combinations are recommended for the description of the acoustic field of bullfighting. Practical considerations are also made, such as typologies and axes, to be taken into account when referencing sources and receivers, as are the environmental conditions in a space strongly influenced by direct sunlight. As an illustration of the procedure, an experimental campaign in the bullring of Las Ventas in Madrid is carried out. The analysis shows that the proposed procedure is highly suitable for this type of building and provides detailed acoustic information regarding the seats for all the sound sources that participate in the spectacle.

Perancangan Media Promosi SMP IT Dar El Iman Dalam Bentuk Audio Visual)

SMP IT Dar El Iman is a modern school that stands in the center of the city of Padang which was founded in 2015 under the auspices of the Dar El Iman foundation, where SMP IT Dar El Iman has complete facilities and quality graduates. The absence of a promotional video, made the author to appoint Dar El Iman IT Middle School as the title of the Final Project with the title "Designing a Dar El Iman IT Middle School Promotion Video, which in the Dar El Iman IT Middle School Promotion Video will show complete facilities and student activities. which is combined with visuals and the selection of Islamic nuanced backsound. Furthermore, it is analyzed using SWOT analysis theory. This is done as a creative approach to reach the target audience area, so that the aims and objectives of the video are right on target and can increase enthusiasts from the Dar El Iman IT Middle School.

Indoor PM2.5 concentration test and analysis in Winter Olympics ‘Ice Cube’ curling venue

Research on indoor PM2.5 concentration in ice sports venues is few. To welcome the 2022 Winter Olympics, ‘Water Cube’ has been renovated into ‘Ice Cube’, which has become a venue for both men's and women's curling. For the renovated venue, during the test competitions in the winter of 2019 and the spring of 2021, this study conducted on-site testing and analysis of indoor PM2.5 concentration and the related air environment parameters. Through the testing, it was found that about the indoor PM2.5 concentration the audience area in the curling venue needs to be focused on. And, the PM2.5 concentration in the audience area was greatly affected by the outdoor PM2.5 concentration, showing a strong positive correlation. Considering the air quality, human comfort, and energy-saving effect, temperature of the audience area should be controlled at approximately 18 °C and relative humidity should be controlled at approximately 27%. For the performance area, about the terminal air supply mode of air-conditioning, the cloth bag duct air supply mode at the front of the bleachers is more effective than the ground air supply mode to reduce PM2.5 concentration in the curling venue.

The Circus-Theater of Albacete: Acoustic characterization and analysis of its double stage configuration

A circus-theater is a particular type of theater space. It is mainly characterized by the possibility of interchanging the typical configuration of theater, where the stage house is settled in quasi-circularly to the audience area, to a circus configuration, in which the stage is totally surrounded by the audience area. Despite the abundant literature that tries to objectively and subjectively assess the acoustic characteristics of several theater spaces, there is scarce information about the acoustics of circus-theaters.This work is a first approach to the acoustic characterization of such theater spaces. The main goal of this paper is to acoustically evaluate a circus-theater; for that, objective “in situ” measurements have been carried out considering both stage configurations. ISO 3382-1 has been taken as the guidance to select the acoustic parameters to measure, together with some other well-known additional parameters of room acoustics.Measurements and characterization processes have been applied to the Circus-Theater of Albacete, as this is one of the few Spanish circus-theaters that still offers the possibility of using both stage configurations. Results allow to acoustically characterize a preliminary description of this kind of theater spaces, as well as comparatively study the theater and circus configurations from an acoustic point of view.

COVID-19 transmission in the first presidential debate in 2020.

The infection risks of Biden, Wallace, and the audience by Trump and the first lady were assessed during the first presidential debate. The debate scene was established numerically, and two cases, i.e., only Trump being infected and both Trump and the first lady being infected, were set up for risk analysis. The infection probabilities at different positions were assessed by using the Wells–Riley equation with consideration of the effects of air distribution and face mask. It was concluded that (1) the infection risks of Biden and Wallace were lower due to the reasonable distance from Trump, with the maximum probability of 0.34% at 40 quanta/h for both Trump and the first lady being infected; (2) the infection probabilities in the audience area were lower for the long distance from the debate stage, with the maximum probability of 0.35%. Wearing masks resulted in a notable decrease in the infection probability to 0.09%; and (3) there was a certain local area surrounding Trump and the first lady with a relatively greater infection probability. The preliminary analysis provides some reference for protection of the next presidential debate and other public events.

Acoustics of the Blue Whale Auditorium in Buenos Aires

The “Blue Whale” Auditorium in Buenos Aires opened in 2015. Designed to be the headquarters of the National Symphony Orchestra of Argentina, its goal was to become the city’s main space for symphonic music. The architectural program posed several challenges from an acoustic point of view, as 2000 people had to be accommodated in a square space into which none of the usual architectural typologies fit properly. It was decided, therefore, to place in this space an “ad-hoc” hall. The design centered around three main premises: to achieve an enveloping acoustic field, to establish an adequate reverberation decay, and to combine reflective and diffusing surfaces to attain a similar acoustic field through the entire audience area. This work details the design process of the Auditorium, during which the final shape was deduced from the established acoustic premises, and some acoustical measurements made in the finished hall.

PNS187 DEVELOPMENT OF A MIXED-METHOD APPROACH TO CAPTURING AND COMMUNICATING THE PATIENT JOURNEY (PATIENT JOURNEY MAPPING)

Research to describe the patient experience from pre-diagnosis, treatment initiation, and through to maintenance can be used to better understand a condition, identify unmet needs, and provide a starting point for outlining interventions which may support the patient trajectory. Current approaches to understanding the patient’s psychological journey includes literature reviews, social listening, and/ or qualitative interviews with patients, their caregivers, and healthcare professionals. The objective of this methodological abstract is to describe an approach for integrating data from these approaches to develop a cohesive, interpretable patient journey map. The development of this journey map involves four pillars: 1) defining the audience and disease areas for the patient journey; 2) critical assessment of existing research to support development of a rationale; 3) social listening to provide a preliminary conceptual framework; 4) qualitative interviews with patients, caregivers and healthcare professionals involved in the journey. The information collected above is synthesized into a single or series of interactive patient maps describing the patient’s movement through the most frequently observed emotional states across the pathway. This is visually displayed with interactive representative quotes or videos embedded alongside the visual depiction of movement through the patient journey. Example emotions include content, relieved, hopeful, guilt, fear, hopelessness. While the patient-centered research, as a field, has a number of methodological tools available to describe the patient journey, more work needs to be done to think about how to integrate this data and make it understandable to external audiences. The interactive patient map described herein can be used to illustrate the challenges faced by patients and their stakeholders and provide the audiences with insight into patient lives as a foundation on which to build further research and interventions.

Even Dispersion Design for a Compact Linear Loudspeaker Array with Adaptive Genetic Algorithm

Even dispersion is important for live sound reinforcement systems; however, it needs to be carefully designed when using a linear loudspeaker array. This is because the audience area is often large, while the loudspeakers are placed centrally in this case for convenience, and thus both the level and the frequency balance may not remain reasonably constant for all audiences. To solve this problem, the adaptive genetic algorithm is firstly introduced in the parameters optimization. Secondly, taking the radiation characteristics at different frequencies into account, a linear-phase non-uniform filter bank is proposed to decompose the broad frequency band into several sub-bands. The audio is re-synthesized with the optimized parameters in each frequency band for a linear loudspeaker array. To show the validity of the proposed method, the simulations and the experiments are conducted to demonstrate that the sound pressure level in the audience area is distributed within ± 1.33 dB, ranging from 200 Hz to 4000 Hz.