Audible Alarm Research Articles

BRAKE SHOE OVERHEAT INDICATION SYSTEM FOR HEAVY VEHICLES IN HILL STATIONS USING THERMOCOUPLE AND ARDUINO

This paper introduces a novel Brake Shoe Overheat Indication System designed to enhance the safety of heavy vehicles operating in hill stations. The system utilizes a combination of thermocouples and Arduino microcontroller to monitor and indicate brake shoe temperatures. A threshold temperature of 300 degrees Celsius is set, and the system provides visual indications through green and red lights along with an audible alarm, thereby preventing accidents due to brake overheating.

Gas leakage detection system for domestic and industrial applications

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is a highly inflammable gas used as sources of energy in automobiles, industries and for domestic cooking. Disaster occurs when LPG leaks and is in contact with the source of fire which may claim lives and destroy properties. Hence, its early detection is essential for preventing disaster. This paper presented smart detection of LPG leakage in domestic homes and industries. The system consisted of MQ-2 gas sensor which sensed the presence of the gas in the air and sent signal to the Arduino micro controller. The micro-controller informed the embedded Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) module to send message in form of Short Message Service (SMS) to the users to swing into action in a bid to prevent outbreak of fire. Performance tests carried out to evaluate the system showed the capability of the system to concurrently send SMS to different subscribers and produce audible alarm. It was also observed that SMS was sent to users in a timely and efficient manner. The system could be useful in residential homes and industrial premises for preventing fire hazards.

Outflow Graft Tamponade: An Underrecognized Cause of Obstruction

BackgroundLeft ventricular assist device (LVAD) outflow graft obstruction can result in severe clinical deterioration. Underlying mechanisms may vary depending on the location. Outflow graft tamponade due to external compression can be under recognized. Management of this complication varies across institutions and a uniform approach has yet to be elucidated. ObjectivesReport a single center experience with outflow graft tamponade in patients with LVAD with the purpose of developing an optimal algorithm for the diagnosis and treatment of LVAD-related outflow graft tamponade. Methods and ResultsRetrospective chart review between July 2011 and July 2020. A total of 351 LVADs were implanted at our center, with outflow graft tamponade identified in 26 patients with LVAD. Fourteen (53.8%) had HeartMate II™, 8 (30.8%) had HeartMate3™ and 4 (15.4%) had HeartWare™. Individuals presented with heart failure symptoms, an audible precordial murmur and LVAD alarms after a median duration of 862 days of support (IQR 327 - 1455). Of the 26 patients, 15 (57.7%) underwent mini thoracotomy with outflow graft relief, 4 had percutaneous balloon dilatation and stenting, 2 were bridged directly to transplant and 1 had a pump exchange. No intervention was made on the remaining due to mild symptoms (n=4). ConclusionsOutflow graft tamponade is a form outflow graft obstruction with a variable presentation that can result in significant hemodynamic compromise. It is amenable to both surgical and percutaneous interventions that restore LVAD function.

Outpatient blinatumomab with digital monitoring in patients with measurable residual disease positive (MRD+) B-ALL in a phase 4 study.

6544 Background: Blinatumomab, a CD3/CD19-directed BiTE® (bispecific T-cell engager) molecule, is an effective therapy for patients (pts) with MRD+ B-ALL. Hospitalization is recommended for days (D) 1–3 of cycle (C) 1 and D1–2 of C2 for these pts receiving blinatumomab to monitor for serious adverse events (SAEs). This phase 4 study evaluated the safety and feasibility of outpatient (outpt) digital monitoring to replace hospitalization in pts with MRD+ B-ALL (NCT04506086). Methods: Enrolled adults with MRD+ B-ALL in complete remission received continuous intravenous (cIV) blinatumomab at 28 μg/day. Current Health Wearable Monitoring System (CHWMS) was worn by pts at home for D1–3 (C1) and D1–2 (C2), in the presence of a caregiver, and provided heart rate, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation; a separate patch monitored temperature. Manual blood pressure measurements were taken every 3-6 hrs. Vital signs (VS) were streamed to a provider smartphone/laptop; changes outside a predetermined threshold generated audible alarms. The primary endpoint was incidence of grade (G) ≥3 cytokine release syndrome (CRS), neurotoxicity, or any adverse event (AE) requiring hospitalization during the monitoring period. Results: As of 12/15/2023, 9 pts (median age 43 [20-73] years) received outpt blinatumomab for (completed C1, n=7; C2, n=6). During outpt monitoring, dose interruption was reported in 5 of 9 pts (1 pt had 2 dose interruptions: AE, n=2; dose administration error, n=2; other, n=2). CRS was reported in 2 pts (SAE, n=1; G≥3, n=0; led to interruption, n=1) and neurologic events in 4 pts (SAE, n=0; G≥3, n=0; led to interruption, n=0). Two pts experienced AEs requiring hospitalization (CRS, n=1; fever, n=1). Most VS changes were physiological or from routine pt activity. Median (range) number of alarms triggered/pt was 79 (12-135); among 3 pts, 1.2%, 5.1% and 8.9% of alarms led to therapeutic intervention (Table). Conclusions: To date, outpt administration of cIV blinatumomab in pts with MRD+ B-ALL was feasible and safe with appropriate outpt digital monitoring. Study enrollment is ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT04506086 . [Table: see text]

Design And Development Of Automated Electrical Circuit Fault Protector With Alarm System

In response to the critical need for fire and accident prevention in homes and establishments, this research presents an automated electrical circuit fault protector with an alarm system. The device automatically interrupts current flow upon detecting short circuits and overloads, safeguarding against potential hazards. Objectives include assessing sensitivity to faults, evaluating wireless remote-control performance, examining sound clarity, and ensuring voltage stability post-fault events. Equipped with a resettable system, the device allows manual or remote control. Using a developmental research method, data collection employed researcher-made observation and evaluation sheets. Thirty expert evaluators assessed the device. Micro testing revealed that the device was sensitive to faults and automatically triggered the alarm. With an overload rating of 1,500-3,000 watts, the device shuts off power automatically after the overload occurs and back to normal with a stable voltage once the problem was fixed, though this device was primarily designed only for micro-testing this device was customizable to user needs. Its alarm system boasts an audible range of up to 20 meters the same is through with remote control operation. Overall, the device effectively detects faults, incorporates an audible alarm, and supports remote operation, serving as a crucial safety measure against electrical mishaps and very acceptable in terms of design, composition, safety, and operating performance.

Implementation of IoT Based Gas Leakage Detection Device

In this paper, we present the design and implementation of an innovative Internet of Things (IoT)-based gas and smoke detection system aimed at enhancing safety in various environments. Gas leaks and fires pose significant risks to life, property, and the environment, necessitating effective detection and mitigation strategies. Leveraging advancements in sensor technology, wireless communication, and smart automation, our system provides real-time monitoring of gas levels and smoke presence. Upon detection of a gas leak or smoke, the system initiates automated responses, including activating an exhaust fan for ventilation, disabling electrical appliances, and triggering audible alarms to alert occupants. Additionally, the system integrates with a mobile application, enabling remote monitoring and control. Through comprehensive testing and evaluation, we demonstrate the effectiveness and reliability of our system in enhancing safety and security. Our research contributes to the advancement of IoT-based safety systems and offers insights into future developments in safety engineering. Keywords— “IoT (Internet of Things)”, “Gas Sensor, Mobile Integration”, “Safety protocols”, “MQ2 sensor”, “LM324”.

Gas Level and Leakage Detection with Automatic Booking

Gas Level and Leakage Detection with Automatic Booking

SENTINEL GUARD: A FATIGUE DETECTION SYSTEM WITH MULTI-CHANNEL ALERT INTEGRATION

The fatigue detection system is a critical application aimed at enhancing safety in various domains by addressing the risks associated with drowsiness related incidents. Leveraging advanced technologies such as machine learning, computer vision, and real-time communication, the system offers a comprehensive solution for monitoring and alerting users to signs of fatigue in real-time. Through the integration of pre-trained models, such as the shape_predictor_68_face_landmarks.dat, the system accurately detects facial landmarks and tracks eye movements, enabling the identification of drowsiness indicators. Upon detection, the system generates alerts via email and WhatsApp, accompanied by audible alarm buzzers to prompt immediate user intervention. The inclusion of live location information in alerts provides additional context, facilitating timely assistance and support. Furthermore, the system's architecture allows for future enhancements, including the integration of multi-sensor data fusion techniques and collaboration with industry stakeholders to promote standardized protocols and widespread adoption. Overall, the fatigue detection system represents a significant step towards mitigating the risks of drowsinessrelated accidents and improving safety across various applications Key Words: Fatigue detection, Machine learning, CNN, Real time alerts, Facial Expression analysis, Open CV

IoT Based Night Patrolling Robot

The implementation of an IoT-based smart night patrolling robot is presented in this paper, utilizing an Arduino Uno, camera module, sound sensor, ultrasonic sensor, motor driver, motors, Nodemcu, and buzzer. The proposed robot is designed to autonomously patrol a designated area and capture images and videos of the area using the camera module. The ultrasonic sensor is used to detect obstacles and prevent collisions, while the sound sensor is used to detect unusual sounds and alert the user. The buzzer is included to provide an audible alarm in case of any significant disturbance in the patrolling area. The robot is designed to move around and change directions using the motor driver and motors, which are operated by an Arduino Uno. The Nodemcu provides internet connectivity, enabling remote monitoring and control. The proposed system can be used for a variety of applications, such as surveillance and security, and has the potential to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of night patrolling operations. The proposed system is developed at a low cost, making it accessible to a wider range of users. The implementation of the proposed system has been tested, and the results indicate that the system is efficient and effective in detecting and responding to environmental stimuli. The system is controlled using a web-based interface, and the users can monitor and control the system remotely..

Prevention of accidental awareness under general anaesthesia: A regional service evaluation.

The United Kingdom's Fifth National Audit Project investigated the incidence and causes of accidental awareness during general anaesthesia. Subsequently, guidelines produced by the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland provide key recommendations to minimise awareness. These include using processed electroencephalogram for patients receiving total intravenous anaesthesia while paralysed and using audible low end-tidal anaesthetic concentration alarms. The Southcoast Perioperative Audit and Research Collaboration undertook a five-day regional service evaluation, assessing the measures in place to minimise awareness and conducting a practitioner survey. Eight hospitals participated with 382 theatre attendances were analysed. Processed electroencephalograph monitoring for patients receiving total intravenous anaesthesia with neuromuscular blockade has been widely adopted into regional practice, from 23% of cases in the Fifth National Audit Project, to 85% in this snapshot. During volatile anaesthesia, age-adjusted low end-tidal anaesthetic concentration alarms were used in 34% cases. The range was 0-97% at different hospitals, suggesting heterogeneity in practice. Seventy-six per cent of anaesthetists rarely alter the default anaesthetic machine alarm settings. Therefore, instigating default low end-tidal anaesthetic concentration alarms could improve compliance with guidelines and reduce the risk of awareness for patients.

Temperature Detection and Control Circuit

In order to realize energy saving, emission reduction and green development, this design uses one of the basic analog electronic technology and digital electronic technology knowledge to detect the environmental temperature in real time in daily life. If the environmental temperature is lower or higher than the set temperature, it will alarm and regulate. Thermocouple and temperature compensation principle are adopted for temperature sensing in this design; The AD conversion part uses the integrated chip AD574A; The conversion from binary to 8421BCD code is realized by EEPROM 281024; The display decoding part is realized by 74ls48 and digital tube; The temperature control range is set by digital setting, which is realized by 74ls160 decimal plus counter and latch 74ls175; The cascade implementation of the temperature judgment comparison value comparator 74ls85; The multi-channel temperature cycle monitoring function is realized by using 74ls160 and adg508f. Monostable state is added to the audible and visual alarm.

Anti-Theft Flooring System using ESP32

The ESP32-powered anti-theft flooring system represents an innovative and cost-effective solution designed to enhance security across various settings, including homes, businesses, and diverse locations. At its core, the system comprises a network of strategically placed pressure sensors concealed beneath a flooring mat, seamlessly integrated with the ESP32 microcontroller featuring built-in Wi-Fi and a camera. When an object exceeding a predetermined weight threshold traverses the mat, the embedded sensors swiftly activate the ESP32, prompting it to capture a photograph of the event. This image is then promptly forwarded to a pre-configured email address, offering real-time visual insights into potential security breaches. Furthermore, the ESP32 can be programmatically configured to activate an audible alarm, providing an additional layer of security and acting as a powerful deterrent. The system’s design emphasizes user-friendliness, ease of installation, and adaptability to various environmental needs. Its customization options enable users to tailor the system to specific requirements, ensuring a seamless integration into any given space. Importantly, safety measures have been incorporated to prevent false alarms triggered by smaller entities, as the pressure sensors only respond to objects surpassing a predefined weight. Beyond its primary function of theft prevention, the ESP32 anti-theft flooring system unveils a realm of creative possibilities. Its applications extend to smart home automation, traffic monitoring, and even livestock tracking, showcasing the system’s versatility and adaptability in addressing diverse challenges. This multifaceted approach positions the ESP32 system not only as a robust security solution but also as a catalyst for innovation in various technological domains.

Patrolling Robot

This paper presents the implementation of an IoT-based patrolling robot, incorporating an Arduino Uno, ultrasonic sensor, motor driver, motors, IR sensor, and buzzer. The robot is designed to autonomously patrol a specified area. The ultrasonic sensor detects obstacles to prevent collisions, while the IR sensor identifies low-level objects and alerts the user. The buzzer provides an audible alarm for significant disturbances within the patrolling area. The robot navigates and changes directions using the motor driver and motors, controlled by the Arduino Uno. The ESP module offers local IoT connectivity, enabling remote monitoring and control. This system can be utilized for various applications such as surveillance and security, with the potential to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of night patrolling operations. Developed at a low cost, the system is accessible to a wide range of users. Testing indicates that the system efficiently and effectively detects and responds to environmental stimuli. The IoT interface allows users to monitor and control the system remotely.

LOW-COST SYSTEM FOR LEAK DETECTION IN WATER SUPPLY NETWORKS

With the advancement of technology, sensors have been developed for various applications, including detecting leaks in water distribution networks. This work aims to propose a low-cost system for detecting leaks in water networks. The tests were carried out in a simulated network at the Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics Laboratory of the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Urbanism at UNICAMP, where sensors were installed to measure flow, water level, noise, turbidity, temperature and an extensometer. Real-time readings were received and processed by a microcontroller board (Arduino UNO), and sent to a web page (PHP language) via a Wi-Fi module (ESP8266). An application was also developed, in Java language, to visualize the readings obtained. In laboratory tests, the sensors proved suitable for detecting leaks and triggering audible and visual alarms in the event of leaks

Overview of the acoustics and psychoacoustics of reverse alarms installed on moving vehicles

Audible alarms are often used on mobile equipment to alert nearby workers of safety risks, in particular with reversing vehicles. A prompt reaction to the alert is required but depends on many technical factors (e.g., mounting location on vehicle), acoustic factors (e.g., alarm emission level, sound propagation pattern behind the vehicle) and psychoacoustic factors (e.g., perceived urgency, ability to localize alarm, effect of hearing loss and hearing protection). These factors are not fully addressed in applicable regulations or standards. This paper presents an overview of the main results of a series of research studies carried out as a collaborative effort by the "Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et sécurité du travail" in Montreal and the University of Ottawa in the past twelve years. A main objective was to compare the relative benefits of two types of alarm signals, the widely-used conventional tonal signal and the relatively recent, but emerging, broadband signal. Overall, results indicate that the broadband alarm presents some benefits such as more uniform acoustic propagation patterns, lower alarm reaction thresholds and better sound localization compared to the tonal alarm. The latter two advantages are emphasized when hearing protectors are worn.

Drowsiness and Yawning Detection

Abstract: Driving fatigue, drowsiness, and momentary lapses of attention, known as microsleep episodes, contribute significantly to road safety risks. This paper presents an innovative approach to address this issue by proposing a real-time drowsiness and yawning detection system that leverages a mobile camera as a non-intrusive monitoring device. The primary objective of the system is to promptly identify signs of drowsiness and yawning, alerting the driver to mitigate the potential for accidents. The system employs facial landmark tracking techniques to monitor crucial facial features such as the eyes, mouth, and eyebrows. By analyzing variations in these features, the system can detect drowsiness-related changes, including eye closures, blink patterns, and yawning episodes. Upon detecting such indicators, the system initiates timely interventions to notify the driver. These interventions encompass displaying a warning message on the mobile screen and activating an audible alarm. An essential advantage of the proposed drowsiness and yawning detection system lies in its utilization of ubiquitous mobile cameras for monitoring. This ensures a non-intrusive implementation that does not require additional specialized hardware. Moreover, the system's real-time detection capabilities enhance its effectiveness in preventing potential accidents caused by driver fatigue.

Design and Fabrication of a Smart Monitoring System for Liquefied Petroleum Gas-Operated Cars Based on Global System Mobile

In this paper, a low-cost smart system is designed and fabricated to monitor gas leakage in LPG-based cars. The implemented system consists of three gas sensors installed in the joints of the gas pipes, gas cylinders, and injectors for the purpose of gas leak monitoring. In addition, the LM 35 temperature sensor is situated over the gas cylinder to monitor its temperature. The implemented system can provide three types of alarm: the first type sends a text message to the car owner’s phone and emits an audible alarm signal. The message reaches the service center also. The second type sends messages via Bluetooth to the user’s phone or to the smart screen on the vehicle’s dashboard, with an alert that the engine must be turned off (emergency case). The last warning sends an overheating alarm signal, utilizing a temperature sensor when the temperature of the gas cylinder exceeds 50°C to provide protection and prevent a possible explosion. In practice, it was found that gas sensors should be placed less than 5 cm from the monitored site, and the best performance at work was under 55°C. It was also found that the best performance of the GSM unit is under 55°C.

Research and Design of Arc Welding Parameters Control and Environment Monitoring System Based on DSP

In the process of the welding operation, a large number of welding smoke, toxic gas, and other pollutants will be produced, which can cause a variety of respiratory diseases. Therefore, the welder’s health is affected and the atmospheric environment is polluted. To monitor the detrimental soot substances produced in the arc welding process, an arc welding parameters control and environmental monitoring system was built by taking high-performance DSP (Digital Signal Processor) TMS320F2812 as the control core, which uses wireless communication technology. Multi-information sensing and welding parameters control can be carried out through the system in the arc welding process. The concentration of welding smoke, harmful gas, and other substances in the arc welding environment can be monitored in real time and the real-time environmental conditions are displayed visually. The functions of audible and visual alarms, automatic ventilation, and telecommunication are provided by the system. A lot of experimental verification and debugging results show that parameters control in the arc welding process and the monitor welding environment in real time could be realized by the built system and is running well.

An Automatic Driver’s Drowsiness Alert System

Abstract: The Automatic Driver's Drowsiness Alert System (ADDAS) using a PIC microcontroller is a technological solution that aims to prevent accidents caused by drowsy driving. This system uses a combination of sensors and algorithms to detect the driver's level of alertness and sends a warning when the driver is experiencing drowsiness or fatigue. The system is based on a PIC microcontroller that processes the data obtained from the sensors, which include an eyeblink sensor, a temperature sensor, a Heartbeat sensor, GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) module and GPS (Global Positioning System). The eyeblink sensor monitors the driver's eye movements, the temperature sensor measures the driver's temperature, heartbeat sensor measures the pulse rate of driver, alcohol sensor measures alcohol intake of driver. The data is processed using an algorithm that analyses the driver's behaviour and physiological parameters to determine the level of alertness. If the driver is found to be drowsy or fatigued, the system sends a warning to alert the driver, such as an audible alarm. This system is efficient, reliable, and cost-effective, making it an ideal solution for preventing accidents caused by drowsy driving. It promotes safer roads and reduces the risk of fatalities, making it an essential tool for enhancing driver safety

Smart Healthy Schools: An IoT-enabled concept for multi-room dynamic air quality control

Smart Healthy Schools (SHS) are a new paradigm in building engineering and infection risk control in school buildings where the disciplines of Indoor Air Quality (IAQ), IoT (Internet of Things) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) merge together. In the post-pandemic era, equipping schools with a network of smart IoT sensors has become critical to aspire for the optimal control of the IAQ and lowering the airborne infection risk of several pathogens, indirectly related to cumulated human emitted CO2 levels over time. Thermal energy waste in winter due to improved air renewal remains of major concern but can be well monitored within a SHS monitoring architecture thanks to the flexibility of the LoRaWAN protocol able to process also a large amount of energy and climatic data at room and building scale. In this work, we report the design of the AulaSicura platform, an IoT control system co-designed by the main author and Gizero Energie to implement the SHS paradigm via clearly visible (and audible) alarm signalling in existing and new school buildings. The cloud-based LoRa system is capable of continuous and simultaneous monitoring of a variety of sensors and IAQ parameters including indoor/oudoor temperatures, rel. humidities and human-emitted excess CO2. The multi-room monitoring concept of indoor-CO2 levels allows centralized control of natural ventilation levels in individual classrooms and can handle (quasi)-real-time data, relevant for data post-processing and future developments in (quasi)-real-rime assessment of IAQ and infection risk levels at single room scale. The sensor network is also extensible to up to one thousand of classrooms per LoRa-node allowing centralized control of entire school districts at an urban scale. Moreover, through Modbus-LoRa I/O converters, AulaSicura can also control the same amount of mechanical ventilation units per node either in pure or hybrid mechanical ventilation modes.