Cisplatin is one of the most important antitumor drugs, however; it has numerous adverse effects like nephrotoxicity which is considered one of cisplatin uses disadvantageous.The aim of this study was to evaluate the nephroprotective effect of M. oleifera leaves extract loaded gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.Initially, total phenolic contents (TPC) and the antioxidant activity of the M. oleifera leaves were evaluated and recorded 8.50mg/g and39.89% respectively. After that, the dry leaves of M. oleifera were grinded into fine powder and extracted using water extraction system. Then, different volumes (0.5, 1 and 2mL) of M. Oleifera were blended with constant volume of Au-NPs (1mL). Both Au-NPs and M. oleifera extract loaded Au-NPs were extensively investigated using TEM that illustrated the deposition of M. Oleifera onto Au-NPs.The experimental study was performed on seventy male albino rats alienated into seven groups. Group I healthy rats, group II injected with one dose of cisplatin (CP), groups fromIII to VII treated groups received CisPt then received M. Oleifera leaves extract alone and /or Au-NPs with different ratios and concentrations.After the experiment’ time, serum urea and creatinine,kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1),advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrotic factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were evaluated as markers of renal nephrotoxicity. The kidneys of rats were excised for malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) assessments.Induction of CisPt showed a highly significant disturbance in oxidant/anti-oxidant balance and inducing inflammatory cascades supporting nephrotoxicity, while treatment with M. Oleifera leaves extract, Au-NPs, and the different concentrations of the extract loaded on Au-NPs had a crucial role in attenuating oxidative stress, enhancing antioxidant systems, and reducing inflammatory biomarkers, although the most significant results showed a powerful scavenging activity against nephrotoxicity induced by CisPt was obtained with M. Oleifera leaves extract loaded on Au-NPs with a concentration of 2:1respectively.
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