Interdigitated Au Electrodes Research Articles

Humidity-Sensitive Properties of TiO2 Nanorods Grown Between Electrodes on Au Interdigital Electrode Substrate

In this paper, the coralloid TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> nanorods were fabricated directly between electrodes on the Au interdigital electrodes via a hydrothermal method. The TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> nanorods were characterized using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Results indicated that the TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> nanorods have good sensitivity for humidity, including at low humidity level, and response time is momentary. This paper discusses the mechanism that probably caused the improved performance of the TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> nanorods by studying its electrical property through a complex impedance analysis method.

Chemiresistor gas sensor based on sulfonated dye-doped modified conducting polypyrrole film for high sensitive detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in air

2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is a widely used nitroaromatic explosive and its detection is important in the public security, environmental protection and human health. We presented a sensitive chemiresistor gas sensor based on modified nanostructured dye-doped polypyrrole (PPy) as anfilm to detection of TNT for the first time. The chemiresistor gas sensors were fabricated via electrosynthesis of PPy on Au interdigital electrodes (Au-IDEs) in the presence of the sulfonated dyes. The films were modified with n-butylamine (nBA), and they could absorb TNT molecules by the formation of the Meisenheimer complex. The role of the sulfonated dyes on the behavior of films was studied. The properties of the polymeric films before and after modification were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, elemental mapping analysisand spectroelectrochemical methods The mechanism of sensing was studied by spectroelectrochemical method and response of modified gas sensor was compared to unmodified sensor. The spectroelectrochemical measurements showed that the potential-dependent of spectra in PPy-Dye films is more than in PPy-ClO4 film after modification. Thus dye molecule can act as versatile compound in the polymer backbone. It was found that modified chemiresistor gas sensor has a high sensitivity and good selectivity to TNT over other related gases and no response without modification. The detection limit and linear dynamic range for determination of TNT was 0.2ppb and 9.7–827.8 ppb, respectively.

Improving Single-Carbon-Nanotube-Electrode Contacts Using Molecular Electronics.

We report the use of an electroactive species, acetaminophen, to modify the electrical connection between a carbon nanotube (CNT) and an electrode. By applying a potential across two electrodes, some of the CNTs in solution occasionally contact the electrified interface and bridge between two electrodes. By observing a single CNT contact between two microbands of an interdigitated Au electrode in the presence and absence of acetaminophen, the role of the molecular species at the electronic junction is revealed. As compared with the pure CNT, the current magnitude of the acetaminophen-modified CNTs significantly increases with the applied potentials, indicating that the molecule species improves the junction properties probably via redox shuttling.

Selection of a new Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv aptamer and its application in the construction of a SWCNT/aptamer/Au-IDE MSPQC H37Rv sensor

A rapid and accurate detection method for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) is essential for effectively treating tuberculosis. However, current detection methods cannot meet these clinical requirements because the methods are slow or of low specificity. Consequently, a new highly specific ssDNA aptamer against M. tuberculosis reference strain H37Rv was selected by using the whole-cell systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment technique. The selected aptamer was used to construct a fast and highly specific H37Rv sensor. The probe was produced by immobilizing thiol-modified aptamer on an Au interdigital electrode (Au-IDE) of a multichannel series piezoelectric quartz crystal (MSPQC) through Au-S bonding, and then single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were bonded on the aptamer by π-π stacking. SWCNTs were used as a signal indicator because of their considerable difference in conductivity compared with H37Rv. When H37Rv is present, it replaces the SWCNTs because it binds to the aptamer much more strongly than SWCNTs do. The replacement of SWCNTs by H37Rv resulted in a large change in the electrical properties, and this change was detected by the MSPQC. The proposed sensor is highly selective and can distinguish H37Rv from Mycobacterium smegmatis (M. smegmatis) and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine (BCG). The detection time was 70min and the detection limit was 100cfu/mL. Compared with conventional methods, this new SWCNT/aptamer/Au-IDE MSPQC H37Rv sensor was specific, rapid, and sensitive, and it holds great potential for the early detection of H37Rv in clinical diagnosis.

Organic Functionalization and Properties of ZnO Nanosheets with Polymer Containing N-Vinyl Carbazole

To make full use of the visible light more effectively, many studies are focuses on ZnO baesd nanocomposites. To modify the surface of ZnO with functional polymer is a very simple and effective approach. PVK (N-vinyl carbazole polymer) is one of typical organic functional materials, which is generally used as charge transfer materials for the applications of several organic electronic devices. Surface modification of ZnO nanosheets with polymer containing –COOH and N-vinyl carbazole group was performed with self-assembly process for improving the adsorption to visible light and properties of charge transfer in nanoscale. A series of characterizations were carried out by SEM (scanning electron microscopy), Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra, UV-Vis (Ultra-violet visible spectroscopy), et al. The adsorption of the nanocomposite was extended to the region of visible light. The photoconductivity response to weak visible light was studied based on interdigital electrodes of Au on flexible PET (polyethylene terephthalate) film substrate with casting method. The photocurrent of ZnO nanosheets modified with the polymer containing N-vinyl carbazole to weak visible light was changed greatly. The organic-inorganic nanocomposite showed good activities to visible light, with which it can be easily produced photo-induced charges, avoiding the recombination of charges produced by visible light. Photocatalytic efficiency was examined by selecting typical organic pollutants and some good results were obtained, showing much prospect in the fields of photocatalysts, nanoreactors, self-cleaning films, coatings, and organic pollutants treatment of environmental.

Nanocomposites of Carbon Nanotube/Polyaniline with Pending Calix[8]Arene and their External Stimuli Response Properties

To functionalize the smart nanocomposites, the nanocomposites of CNTs/polyaniline with pending calix [8] arene were prepared. A series of characterizations were performed by SEM (scanning electron microscopy), the Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra, The UV-Vis (Ultra-violet visible spectroscopy), et al. The photoconductivity response to visible light and 808 nm laser with low-power were studied based on interdigital electrodes of Au on flexible PET (polyethylene terephthalate) film substrate with casting method. The results showed that the nanocomposites of CNTs/polyaniline with pending calix [8] arene exhibited good photoresponse to visible light and weak 808 nm laser, but its recoverability was very slow, it needed several hours, and the film-forming property of nanocomposite was not very good. This may be attributed to the results of increased hydrophobicity of nanocomposite because of introducing the calix [8] arene ring. In order to increase the film-forming technology of nanocomposites, the grapheme oxide were obtained with unzipping method of carbon nanotube (CNTs) for enhancing the hydrophilcity of carbon nanomaterials. The nanocomposites of grapheme oxide/polyaniline with pending calix [8] arene were obtained with similar methods, which showed improved film-forming property. The photoresponses to weak visible light and 808 nm laser also showed the similar results. It may develop the nanocomposite with external stimuli response, and have good potential applications in sensors, organic photocatalyst, et al.

Photo-Induced Charge Generation of TiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Nanotube Modified with Polymer Containing C&lt;sub&gt;60&lt;/sub&gt; under Irradiation of Visible Light and its Applications

Due to its excellent physical properties and inert chemical reaction activity of C60, it is possible to synthesize solution-processing polymer containing C60 utilizing the inclusive characteristics of polymer chain segment, and then to prepare organic/inorganic nanocomposites with enhanced some key properties. In order to harvest the visible light of TiO2 effectively the surface modification of TiO2 nanotube with polymer containing C60 was carried out in this study. A series of characterizations were performed by SEM (scanning electron microscopy), TEM (transmission electron microscopy), Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra, UV-Vis (Ultra-violet visible spectroscopy), XRD patterns analysis. The results showed that the UV-Vis of resulting nanocomposite was almost covered the whole region of visible light. The photoconductivity response to visible light with low-power were studied based on interdigital electrodes of Au on flexible PET (polyethylene terephthalate) film substrate with casting method. The results indicated that the photoresponses of two kinds of polymer containing C60 to weak visible light emerged photo-switching behavior, its recoverability was also rapidly, and the photoresponse of TiO2 nanotube modified with two kinds of polymer containing C60 to weak visible light also changed greatly. This illustrated that the organic-inorganic nanocomposites showed good activities to weak visible light. Photocatalytic efficiency was examined by selecting typical organic pollutants, some good results were obtained. It may develop organic-inorganic nanocomposites with external stimuli response, photocatalyst, et al.

Surface Modification of Graphene Oxide with Pyrene Derivatives and their Photo-Switching Behaviors

The characteristics of surface and interface of nanocomposites are favor for exerting some functional properties and widening new applications. Some low-dimensional materials generally have abundant chemical groups and reaction activities. These surface chemical groups of nanomaterials provide a large platform to develop new nanocomposites and applications by surface chemical reaction and surface reconstruction of another kind of materials. Among so many hot-fields materials, graphene and its nanocomposite are developed rapidly. The graphene oxide not only has good charge transferring property, but also has abundant chemical groups on its surface, such as, -COOH, -OH and epoxide group. Therefore, graphene oxide is a good candidate substrate for further constructing other functional materials in nanoscale. The graphene oxide and pyrene derivatives were selected as representative materials for studies. Assembly of pyrene containing –NH2 groups on the surface of graphene oxide was carried out. A series of characterizations were performed by SEM (scanning electron microscopy), TEM (transmission electron microscopy), the FTIR (Fourier-Transform Infrared ) spectra, The UV-Vis (Ultra-violet visible spectroscopy), photoluminescence spectra, et al. The results indicated that the UV-Vis of nanocomposite was almost covered the whole region of visible light, and the results of PL showed strong fluorescence quenching. There was strong interaction between the graphene oxide and pyrene. The photoconductivity response to weak visible light and 808 nm laser were studied based on interdigital electrodes of Au on flexible PET(polyethylene terephthalate) film substrate with casting method. The results showed that graphene oxide modified with pyrene derivatives exhibited that the photocurrent increased obviously to visible light, and photoresponse to weak 808 nm laser emerged photo-switching behavior. It would be developed the light detector to NIR, biomimetic fields or external stimuli driven nanocarriers for biomedical fields, et al.

Nanostructured SnO2-ZnO composite gas sensors for selective detection of carbon monoxide.

A series of SnO2–ZnO composite nanostructured (thin) films with different amounts of SnO2 (from 0 to 50 wt %) was prepared and deposited on a miniaturized porous alumina transducer using the sol–gel and dip coating method. The transducer, developed by our research group, contains Au interdigital electrodes on one side and a Pt heater on the other side. The sensing films were characterized using SEM and AFM techniques. Highly toxic and flammable gases (CO, CO2, CH4, and C3H8) were tested under lab conditions (carrier gas was dry air) using a special gas sensing cell developed by our research group. The gas concentrations varied between 5 and 2000 ppm and the optimum working temperatures were in the range of 210–300 °C. It was found that the sensing performance was influenced by the amount of oxide components present in the composite material. Improved sensing performance was achieved for the ZnO (98 wt %)–SnO2 (2 wt %) composite as compared to the sensors containing only the pristine oxides. The sensor response, cross-response and recovery characteristics of the analyzed materials are reported. The high sensitivity (RS = 1.21) to low amounts of CO (5 ppm) was reported for the sensor containing a composite sensitive film with ZnO (98 wt %)–SnO2 (2 wt %). This sensor response to CO was five times higher as compared to its response to CO2, CH4, and C3H8, thus the sensor is considered to be selective for CO under these test conditions.

Magnesium Phosphorus Oxynitride with High Mg2+ Ionic Conductivity as a Novel Thin-film Magnesium Electrolyte

Rechargeable magnesium ion batteries (MIBs) have attracted much attention as a possible replacement of Li-ion batteries, because of the natural abundance of magnesium and the high volumetric energy capacity of magnesium-based anode materials [1]. One of the problems MIBs face is the lack of suitable liquid electrolytes that are compatible with the high-capacity cathode materials. All reported liquid electrolytes for MIBs that are capable of Mg deposition/dissolution have low anodic stability. Since many lithium solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) are more stable than liquid electrolytes in Li-ion batteries, there have been several reports of magnesium SSEs for MIBs [2,3]. However, their ionic conductivities, the most important property for Mg SSEs, are not high enough for application in MIBs [2-4]. Meanwhile, lithium phosphorous oxides after nitriding, known as LiPONs, are known to display ionic conductivities more than 10 times higher than those before nitriding [5]. This motivated us to apply the same concept to develop a novel phosphorous-based magnesium SSE.In this study, a novel magnesium SSE with high ionic conductivity, magnesium phosphorous-oxynitride (MgPON), was successfully fabricated. The atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique was used to control the degree of nitriding. For the precursors of MgPON in the ALD reaction, we used bis(ethylcyclopentadienyl)magnesium (Mg(EtCp)2) for magnesium and tris(dimethylamino)phosphine (P(N(CH3)2)3) for phosphorus. NH3 and O2 gases were used for the nitriding and oxidation, respectively. Approximately 2-μm-thick MgPON films were deposited on glass substrates with Au interdigitated electrodes, where the substrate heater was set to about 450 °C. The bonding state of the deposited film was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The spectrum showed peaks originating from the P-N bonding similar to that in LiPON films [6]. This result indicates that nitrogen atoms are placed at the O-substituted sites in the phosphorous glass network. The ionic conductivity of MgPON was measured by in-plane AC impedance in a vacuum (~ 10-2 Pa) at different temperatures. The obtained impedance was 1.3×10-6 S/cm with an activation energy of 1.3 eV at 210 °C. To identify the conduction species, we investigated the in-plane distribution of magnesium by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, after applying a DC voltage to the interdigitated electrodes. The detected Mg content in the vicinity of the electrode with an applied negative voltage was higher than the other areas, meaning that the ionic conduction was carried out by Mg2+. This result indicates the potential of SSEs using thin-film technology. This study contributes to the development of not only high-capacity cathode materials, but also all-solid-state MIBs.

Comparative Study of Two Different TiO₂ Film Sensors on Response to H₂ under UV Light and Room Temperature.

An anatase TiO2 film sensor was prepared by a facile in-situ method on the interdigitated Au electrode deposited on the alumina substrate. The structure, morphology and the optical properties of the in-situ TiO2 film sensor were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra. The photo-assisted gas sensitivities of the prepared film towards H2 gas were evaluated at room temperature in N2 and synthetic air atmospheres. As compared to TiO2 film sensor prepared by drop-coating method, this in-situ TiO2 film sensor exhibited a more compact structure composed of uniform TiO2 microspheres as well as a better gas sensitivity towards H2 under UV irradiation, especially in synthetic air. The photo-electrochemical measurements suggest that these improvements may be associated with the efficient charge transfer in the TiO2 interface induced by the TiO2 microsphere structure. This study might offer a feasible approach to develop photo-assisted gas sensors at ambient temperature.

Low temperature annealed ZnO film UV photodetector with fast photoresponse

Zinc oxide thin film UV photodetectors based metal-semiconductor-metal structure were fabricated on Au interdigital electrodes by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. The performances of the UV photodetector under different annealing and testing temperatures from RT to 200°C have been studied, obtaining optimized annealing temperature and suitable working temperature range. The detailed photoresponse mechanism has been discussed by analyzing competitive behaviors of several factors. The photodetector has good photoresponse linearity across a wide range of incident light intensity, and the response time, recovery time and responsivity were 0.82ms, 0.64ms and 124A/W respectively under the 2.5mW/cm2 at 5V applied bias. The low annealing temperature of ZnO film makes it be applied in flexible photodetector with great potential.

Visible blind ultraviolet photodetector based on CH3NH3PbCl3 thin film.

We report a prototypical device of CH3NH3PbCl3 film ultraviolet photodetectors that were fabricated with a coplanar metal-semiconductor-metal Au interdigital electrode configuration. Pure phase CH3NH3PbCl3 films with a good crystallinity were formed by a hybrid sequential deposition process featured with inter-diffusion of PbCl2 and CH3NH3Cl upon annealing. The CH3NH3PbCl3 film photodetector exhibits a high responsivity of 7.56 A /W at 360 nm, a ultraviolet/visible rejection ratio (R360 nm/R500 nm) was about two orders of magnitude and fast response speed with a rising time of 170 μs and a decay time of 220 μs. All the above results demonstrate CH3NH3PbCl3 film photodetector as a competitive candidate in the application of visible blind UV detectors.

An electrochemically-driven dual-mode display device with both reflective and emissive modes using poly(p-phenylenevinylene) derivatives

We demonstrate a novel electrochemical dual-mode displaying (DMD) device, which enables control of both coloration and light emission using an electrochemical reaction. The coloration control of the DMD device was based on an electrochromic (EC) reaction, whereas the light emission of the device was caused by an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) mechanism. This novel DMD device consisted of a pair of facing conductive polymer-modified electrodes: comb-shaped interdigitated Au electrodes modified with poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV) layers and poly(2,3-dihydrothieno-1,4-dioxin)–poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS) film-modified indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes. When a bias voltage was applied between the PEDOT/PSS film-modified ITO electrode and the comb-shaped electrodes, a color change of the device was observed by the EC reaction of the MEH-PPV and PEDOT/PSS. On the other hand, an emission was obtained when the bias voltage was applied between two comb-shaped interdigitated electrodes. The orange emission was ascribed to the ECL reaction of the MEH-PPV layer, which resulted from the formation of a p–i–n junction in this layer.

Charge Behavior of Low-Dimensional V&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;/Graphene Nanoribbons Oxides Nanocomposites under Irradiation of Visible Light and its Application

Due to its outstanding photo-catalysis properties, low-dimensional V2O5 has many important applications in lithium ion batteries, supercapacitors, electrochromic devices, photocatalysts, sensors, et al. As good photocatalysts for organic pollutants, some key issues of photocatalysts are charge generation, separation, transfer of nanocomposites under irradiation of visible light. To improve their important properties and pave the effective conductive channels for charge transfer and separation, low-dimensional V2O5/graphene nanoribbons nanocomposites were prepared. The emphasis is put on adsorption response to VOC of nanocomposite based on the QCM (quartz crystal microbalance) device. In order to investigate the mechanism of charge-generated by visible light, the photoconductivity response to visible light and 808 nm laser with low-power were studied based on interdigital electrodes of Au on flexible PET (polyethylene terephthalate) film substrate. Some good results were obtained. This illustrates that this nanocomposite can easily produce the charge-generate with visible light and 808 nm laser with low-power, avoiding the recombination of charge-generate by light. It would be good applications in remove the organic pollutants with photocatalysis effects.

Two-Dimensional Composite Biomimetic Films with Wide Optical Spectrum Response and their Properties

Since graphene was discovered, the biomimetic materials with laminated structure (such as, shellfish) had become one of the research-hot fields. Chitosan comes from shellfish, and was considered as a very promising abundant natural biopolymer. It holds not only outstanding mechanical properties, film-forming technology and low cost, but also has good applications in environmental fields due to its excellent adsorption properties to a broad range of organic pollutants and some heavy metal ions. Preparation of biomimetic materials with laminated structure utilizing chitosan have many advantages, however, to improve functional properties of chitosan based biomimetic materials is still a great challenge. Graphene has various applications, including storage energy devices, hydrogen production with photo-catalysts, and environmental fields because of its high charge mobility and good mechanical properties. However, graphene and its oxide have difficult re-dispersion properties in fabrication of nanocomposite. In this paper, the nanosheets stacking of metal oxide and grapheme oxide with aid of chitosan was carried out. Several characterizations were examined by SEM (scanning electron microscopy), XRD (X-ray diffraction), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. Photocatalytic tests were examined by selecting typical organic pollutants. The photoconductivity response of nanocomposite film to visible light and 808 nm laser with low-power were investigated based on interdigital electrodes of Au on flexible PET (polyethylene terephthalate) film substrate. The results indicated that the organic-inorganic film not only had wide visible light and NIR (near-infrared) responses, but also had good removal ability to organic pollutants. The nanocomposite film also exhibited clearly photo-response to visible light and 808 nm laser. It would be potential good applications in self-cleaning film, nanocoating, et al.

Surface Modification of Low-Dimensional Heterostructured Functional Materials with Dendrimers and their Properties of Organic-Inorganic Nanocomposites

Low-dimensional heterostructured functional materials have been widely applied in new energy materials, catalysts, et al. However, to enhance photo-response in visible light and the biocompatibility improvement are still the great challenges faced. And the dendrimers act good roles in transferring the drug and gene, and has good biocompatibility. Self-assembly on the surface of low-dimensional heterostructured functional materials with dendrimers holding-COOH groups was carried out in this paper. The characterizations of the materials were examined by SEM (scanning electron microscopy), XRD (X-ray diffraction), the Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and so on. The photoconductivity response to visible light and 808 nm laser with low-power were studied based on interdigital electrodes of Au on flexible PET (polyethylene terephthalate) film substrate. The results indicated that ZnO/CuS modified with dendrimers showed good photo-response to visible light and 808 nm laser, the photo-response properties enhanced greatly by adding some small amount of grapheme oxide. Photocatalytic efficiency was examined by selecting typical organic pollutants, some good results were obtained. The external stimuli driven nanorobots for removal the organic pollutants or toxins in the living body have been developed.

NIR (Near-Infrared) Driven Carbon Nanotube Modified with Dendrimers

Dendrimers and carbon nanotube took an important role in transport and delivery of drugs, gene, et al, however, to improve its functional properties is still a great challenge. Carbon nanotube not only has good biocompatibility but also hold optical adsorption in NIR. In biomimetic and biomedical fields, nanorobots or nanocarriers with external stimuli response for removal the organic pollutants and toxins or drugs in the living body are attractive for research and applications. In this paper, the self-assembly with CNTs containing –COOH and dendrimers having –NH2 groups was carried out. A series of characterizations were performed by SEM (scanning electron microscopy), TEM (transmission electron microscopy), XRD (X-ray diffraction), and Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. The adsorption properties and releasing characteristics of CNTs modified with dendrimers were performed with simulating drugs. Some meaningful results were obtained. The photoconductivity response to visible light and 808 nm laser with low-power were studied based on interdigital electrodes of Au on flexible PET(polyethylene terephthalate) film substrate. The results indicated that CNTs modified with dendrimers showed good photo-response to visible light and 808 nm laser. It would be developing smart nanorobots with external stimuli response for removal the organic pollutants and toxins or drugs in the living body.

Microfabricated interdigitated Au electrode for voltammetric determination of lead and cadmium in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis)

An in-situ plating bismuth modified interdigitated Au electrode (IAE) was developed for determination of Pb2+ and Cd2+ in crab. The IAE was fabricated and used as counter electrode and working electrode. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was performed with the IAE for studying electrochemical performance, showing clear redox peaks. The key operational parameters were optimized, which were 600μgL−1 of Bi3+ concentration, 0.1molL−1 of acetate buffer (pH 4.5), −1.2V of deposition potential and 180s of deposition time. Under optimized condition, the linear range of IAE was from 5 to 50μgL−1 for both metal ions, with detection limit (threefold signal-to-noise) of 0.74μgL−1 for Pb2+ and 0.86μgL−1 for Cd2+. Finally, the developed sensor was applied to detect Pb2+ and Cd2+ in crab extract solutions by standard addition method. The results were in good agreement with outcomes obtained by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

High-performance flexible photodetectors based on single-crystalline Sb2Se3 nanowires

Flexible visible-light photodetectors were fabricated by dispersing a large number of Sb2Se3 nanowires onto the Au interdigitated electrodes on PET substrates, which showed fast response speed and excellent flexibility.