Attrition Wear Research Articles

Roughing, semi-finishing and finishing of laser surface modified nickel bonded NbC and WC inserts for grey cast iron (GCI) face-milling

An attempt to improve the machining performance of NbC-Ni cutting inserts by rapid pulse electric current sintering (PECS), TiC and Mo2C additions and laser surface modification (LSM) was done. Use of a nickel binder and additions TiC and Mo2C to liquid phase sintered (LPS) NbC based samples led to comparable hardness (>13 GPa) and KIC (~10 MPa.m1/2) to LPS WC-Co/Ni samples. The laser surface modification (LSM) technique produced a ~2.5 μm thick self-carbide coating, increasing the surface hardness of all the samples. Laser surface modification was done to improve abrasion and attrition wear resistance. Face-milling of grade 17 grey cast iron (BS 1452/GG35) was conducted at 100–500 m/min cutting speeds (vc) and 0.25–1.5 mm depths of cut (ap). The insert wear was measured after every pass, and analyzed by annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (ADF-STEM). During roughing, WC-Co based inserts had the lowest flank wear rate (FWR) values, with the WC-10Co (LPS) insert having a FWR of 10.15 μm/min after 20 min cutting time. However, during semi-finishing and finishing, NbC-4TiC-12Ni (PECS) and NbC-4Mo2C-4TiC-12Ni (PECS) inserts had the lowest FWR values, showing up to six times longer tool life than the WC-Co (LPS) inserts based inserts and 12 times longer life than the WC-Ni based inserts. Generally, LSM improved the NbC inserts' tool life, reducing the FWR values in all NbC based inserts in all cutting tests.

Evaluation of brazed monolayer CBN grinding wheel on high-speed steel (HSS)

Shaping and forming of high-speed steel (HSS) tool with complicated geometry has been a challenge for the cutting tool industry. HSS grades generally display high hardness at high temperature and high wear resistance due to its constituent elements like a high amount of tungsten with the addition of chromium, vanadium and cobalt. HSS being used extensively in the manufacturing industry for machining difficult-cut-materials due to its high hardness and abrasion resistance. CBN grinding wheel is being used extensively for shaping the HSS. In this work, cBN brazed wheel with monolayer configuration is being used to grind HSS. Usually, reasonably uniform grit distribution, adequate spacing between the grits, 50-70% grit protrusion over the brazed surface and strong chemical bond strength are key features of brazed CBN wheel to perform satisfactorily. In the current investigation, the brazed CBN wheel showed limitations of its capability while grinding HSS in dry condition. The high chip load due to adverse grinding combinations, high attrition wear of grit due to its interaction with constituent elements like tungsten, chromium, vanadium and cobalt, fracturing and pull out of the grits are the limitation of the brazed wheel. The paper also concluded with facts to overcome limitations of brazed CBN wheel.

Experimental Study of Wear Mechanisms of Cemented Carbide in the Turning of Ti6Al4V.

Titanium and titanium alloys such as Ti-6Al-4V are generally considered as difficult-to-machine materials. This is mainly due to their high chemical reactivity, poor thermal conductivity, and high strength, which is maintained at elevated temperatures. As a result, the cutting tool is exposed to rather extreme contact conditions resulting in plastic deformation and wear. In the present work, the mechanisms behind the crater and flank wear of uncoated cemented carbide inserts in the turning of Ti6Al4V are characterized using high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and high-resolution Auger electron spectroscopy (AES).The results show that, for combinations of low cutting speeds and feeds, crater and flank wear were found to be controlled by an attrition wear mechanism, while for combinations of medium to high cutting speeds and feeds, a diffusion wear mechanism was found to control the wear. For the latter combinations, high-resolution SEM and AES analysis reveal the formation of an approximately 100 nm thick carbon-depleted tungsten carbide (WC)-layer at the cemented carbide/Ti6Al4V interface due to the diffusion of carbon into the adhered build-up layers of work material on the rake and flank surfaces.

Self-sharpening ability of monolayer brazed polycrystalline CBN grinding wheel during high-speed grinding

Polycrystalline CBN (PCBN) grinding wheel has self-sharpening ability, which is beneficial in maintaining its cutting ability, due to its unique structure. However, only few quantitative methods to evaluate the self-sharpening ability of PCBN are available. In this research, wear experiments of PCBN grinding wheel were carried out. The wear phenomena were discussed on the basis of SEM images and grain protrusion height. The self-sharpening ability of the grinding wheel was evaluated using fractal dimension. The grinding performance was discussed. Grinding experiments of monocrystalline CBN (MCBN) grinding wheel were conducted for comparison. Results showed that the main wear modes of PCBN grinding wheel were intergranular fractures and attrition wear of abrasive grains, whereas that of MCBN grinding wheel was transgranular fracture of grain. The fractal dimensions of PCBN grinding wheel nearly remained constant, whereas those of MCBN grinding wheel decreased continuously in the initial and steady wear stages. Lower standard deviation of grain protrusion height was obtained using PCBN grinding wheel than using MCBN grinding wheel during the steady wear stage. The active grain ratio of PCBN grinding wheel was 1.84 times larger and its grinding force was 18.6% lower than those of MCBN grinding wheel. An enhanced workpiece surface was obtained using PCBN grinding wheel.

Micro-fracture mechanism of polycrystalline CBN grain during single grain scratching tests based on fractal dimension analysis

The wear phenomenon is an important issue that affects the grinding performance of polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) grinding wheel. To explore the wear mechanism, single grain scratching tests were conducted on the nickel-based superalloy Inconel 718. Fractal theory was applied to evaluate the grain wear process, and the influences of undeformed chip thickness agmax and grinding wheel speed vs on grain wear were analysed. The variation in fractal dimension, grinding force and grinding force ratio were discussed. Results show that the micro-fracture is caused by the crack, and the adhered grinding chip leads to the attrition wear of PCBN grain. The average specific material removal volume of monocrystalline CBN grain is approximately 10.7% that of PCBN grain when macro-fracture occurs. The effect of agmax on grain macro-fracture is stronger than that of vs. Furthermore, the grinding parameters should be set as follows: vs of 80 m/s and agmax in the range of 0.1–0.67 μm. These settings help improve the grain micro-fracture phenomenon in high-speed grinding.

Wear Behaviour and Sustainability of Coated Abrasives in Grinding of Aluminium Alloy Using Minimum Quantity Lubrication

The consumption of coated abrasive papers has been greatly increased in grinding of aluminium gadget housings to achieve a mirror-like finish prior to cosmetic treatments; however, the rapid abrasive wear produces low sustainability and likewise massive wastage. Prevention of adhesion wear and control of the grinding temperature of the coated abrasive papers are key challenges for prolonging abrasives’ life, but can be managed by the MQL grinding system. This work investigates the influences of coated abrasives and environmental conditions on grinding force, material removal and machined surface topography; with the corresponding abrasive wear patterns under dry conditions and the developed MQL system in the grinding of aluminium alloy (6061-T6). The developed relationship between the stress flow and thermal softening on the workpiece showed a good correlation of ~ 96.3% for controlling grinding forces and the associated thermal effects. Material removal decreased when the adhesion in the pores developed into clusters, rather than abrasion wear. The ground surface roughness decreased when the wear of the abrasives altered the cutting action into a sliding friction. With MQL, the reduction of abrasive wear showed in a retarded process of adhesion and clogging, followed by a rapid increase of abrasion and attrition wear.

Tuning nanofluids for improved lubrication performance in turning biomedical grade titanium alloy

In this paper, two nanofluids suitable for minimum quantity cooling and lubrication (MQCL) assisted turning of Ti6Al4V ELI are reported after a comprehensive study of 18 nanofluids. The nanofluids were prepared by adding three different nanoparticles (Al2O3, MoS2, and rutile-TiO2) to vegetable oils (canola and extra virgin olive oils) respectively, at three different concentrations (0.5, 2, and 4% vol). The use of canola nanofluid containing 0.5 vol% Al2O3 provided a superior surface finish; on the other hand, canola nanofluid enriched with 0.5 vol % MoS2 was found to be conducive to lowering T and increasing rc. Moreover, the nanofluids rendered an auspicious tool wear behavior and impeded attrition wear. Traces of tribofilm formation and the effect of nano-polishing were identified after examining the finished surface using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. This analysis also reports on the kinematic and dynamic viscosity, contact angle, contact area and thermal conductivity of the nanofluids, the machined surface morphology, and the improvements concerning surface defects provided by the engineered nanofluids. Finally, the results were compared with those found for dry machining and mineral oil based MQCL turning.

Comparative study on interfacial microstructure and cutting performance of tunnel furnace and vacuum furnace brazed diamond core-drill

The diamond core-drills were brazed with NiCr filler alloy in the tunnel furnace with the characteristics of the continuous heating and in the vacuum furnace, respectively. The surface morphology and interfacial microstructure between diamond and filler alloy, and filler alloy and substrate were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, energy spectrometer and X-ray diffraction. The effect of different cooling methods on the microstructure and micro-hardness of the filler alloy and substrate was investigated. Furthermore, the drilling tests were conducted, and the cutting efficiency, service life and wear behavior for both tools were comparably analyzed. The results demonstrated a layer of CrC compound formed at the interface of diamond and filler alloy, and a diffusion band composed of Ni and Fe solid solution or compound formed at the interface between filler alloy and substrate regardless of fabricating technique. The thickness of the CrC compound, the width of the diffusion band, the micro-hardness of the substrate and the molten solidified filler alloy for the tunnel furnace brazed diamond core-drill were greater than that of vacuum brazed tool. After drilling polished tiles using diamond core-drill, the cutting efficiency and service life of the tunnel furnace brazed core-drill were close to that of the vacuum brazed core-drill. The attrition wear was the main wear mode for both kinds of tools, and neither the pullout nor the fracture of the abrasive grains occurred during the machining.

Experimental investigation of correlation between attrition wear and features of acoustic emission signals in single-grit grinding

The cutting performance of grit is controlled by its shape and geometric parameters. However, the geometry changes with the progression of attrition wear, thereby increasing grinding temperature, grinding force and decreasing grinding efficiency. It is important to monitor the cutting condition of grit to confirm its state of wear. Acoustic emission (AE) signals have been widely used in monitoring cutting tool conditions and have been proven effective in detecting tool wear and failure. To identify the correlation between attrition wear and AE features, comparison tests were carried out with a pair of sharp and blunt grits scratching on hardened AISI4340 workpiece and the AE signals during the scratching process were obtained. The signals were analyzed in the time, frequency, and time-frequency domain The numbers of AE counts in the time domain differed for the sharp and blunt grits. It is also found that the proportions of AE energy in the frequency band of 0–90 kHz and 90–250 kHz differed was attributed to differences in strength of the various AE sources. The AE energy was further analyzed in time-frequency domain using discredit wavelet transform (DWT). The AE energy at certain decomposition level was extracted. A validation test was carried out with a worn grit. It was suggested that features associated with AE energy are appropriate for detecting attrition wear of grit, but the number of AE counts fluctuated owing to the complex friction behavior of the worn surfaces. The results of AE energy distribution in the time-frequency domain reveal that the amplitude of the AE energy deteriorates more rapidly when the grit is worn.

Knife-edge interferometry for cutting tool wear monitoring

This paper presents a novel technique for more easily measuring cutting tool wear using knife-edge interferometry (KEI). Unlike an amplitude splitting interferometry, such as Michelson interferometry, the proposed KEI utilizes interference of a transmitted wave and a diffracted wave at the cutting tool edge. In this study, a laser beam was incident on the cutting tool edge, and the photodetector was used to determine the interference fringes by scanning a cutting tool edge along the cutting direction. The relationship between the cutting tool wear and interferometric fringes generated by edge diffraction phenomena was established by using the cross-correlation of KEI fringes of two different cutting tool-edge conditions. The cutting tool wear produced the phase shift (attrition wear) and the decay of oscillation (abrasive wear) in the interferometric fringe. The wear characteristics of the cutting tool with a radius of curvature of 6mm were investigated by measuring the interferometric fringes of the tool while cutting an aluminum work piece in a lathe. As a result, the attrition and abrasive wear of cutting tool showed a linear relationship of 5.62 lag/wear (μm) and 1.14E-3/wear (μm), respectively. This measurement technique can be used for directly inspecting the cutting tool wear in on-machine process at low-cost.

Academy of Dental Materials guidance—Resin composites: Part I—Mechanical properties

ObjectiveThe objective of this project, which was initiated from the Academy of Dental Materials, was to review and critically appraise methods to determine fracture, deformation and wear resistance of dental resin composites, in an attempt to provide guidance for investigators endeavoring to study these properties for these materials. MethodsTest methods have been ranked in the priority of the specific property being tested, as well as of the specific test methods for evaluating that property. Focus was placed on the tests that are considered to be of the highest priority in terms of being the most useful, applicable, supported by the literature, and which show a correlation with clinical findings. Others are mentioned briefly for the purpose of being inclusive. When a standard test method exists, including those used in other fields, these have been identified in the beginning of each section. Also, some examples from the resin composite literature are included for each test method. ResultsThe properties for evaluating resin composites were ranked in the priority of measurement as following: (1) Strength, Elastic Modulus, Fracture toughness, Fatigue, Indentation Hardness, Wear—abrasion (third body) and Wear—attrition (contact/two body), (2) Toughness, Edge strength (chipping) and (3) Wear determined by toothbrush. SignificanceThe following guidance is meant to aid the researcher in choosing the proper method to assess key properties of dental resin composites with regard to their fracture, deformation and wear resistance.

Wear analysis of ultra-fine grain coated carbide tools in hard turning of AISI 420C stainless steel

Hardened AISI 420C stainless steel is a material used in surgical and dental tools due to its mechanical properties, allied with corrosion resistance. However, despite its advantages, this material presents poor machinability. Also, practitioners have often found difficulties using this material due to the lack of information concerning its behavior in machining processes, especially after heat treatment. The present paper investigates tool wear and wear mechanisms involved in hard turning of AISI 420C stainless steel with TiAlN coated ultra-fine grain carbide tool under different cutting conditions. Tool life tests were carried out using different feed rate and cutting speed levels. Machining tests were periodically interrupted in order to evaluate flank wear. The surface finish of the machined parts were evaluated throughout tool life, and the tools were analyzed through both optical and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM/EDS). Test results indicate influence of both cutting speed and feed rate over tool life. After reaching the tool life criterion of 0.2mm flank wear, SEM microscopy evidenced abrasive wear for all tested conditions. Delamination of tool coating and crater wear were observed in some specific tested conditions. EDS analysis revealed significant amounts of iron and chrome adhered on all tools and oxygen at the highest cutting speed, indicating oxidation wear mechanism. The observation of built up edge in some tested conditions along with extensive adhesion suggests the occurrence of attrition wear mechanism over tool life.

Applications of tribology to determine attrition by wear of particulate solids in CFB systems

In recent years, much attention has been focused on the development of novel technologies for carbon capture and chemicals production that utilize a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) configuration; examples include chemical looping combustion and circulation of temperature swing adsorbents in a CFB configuration for CO2 capture. A major uncertainty in determining the economic feasibility of these technologies is the required solids makeup rate, which, among other factors, is due to impact and wear attrition at various locations, including standpipes, cyclones, and the gas jets in fluid beds. While correlations have been developed that estimate the attrition rates at these areas, these correlations are dependent on constants that are uncertain without extensive experiment in the corresponding unit operation. Thus, it is difficult to determine the attrition rate a priori without performing extensive experiments on the materials or scaling up entirely. In this work, the authors outline a methodology for predictive attrition based on fundamental material properties from fields of tribology—specifically, the study of wear—to the knowledge of forces and sliding distances determined from hydrodynamic models to develop basic attrition models for novel CFB systems. The equations are derived for the standpipe and cyclone, which are common components found in CFBs, and the cyclone equation is compared to experimental data of attrition in the literature. The cyclone equation derived in this work results in an abrasion rate based on (1) material properties such as particle density and hardness, (2) inlet velocity, and (3) cyclone geometry. According to this equation, increasing the diameter of the cyclone and the solids inlet velocity tends to increase the rate of abrasion of the catalyst, while decreasing the hardness increases the abrasion rate. The functionality of the increasing attrition rate with velocity increase implies that increasing the efficiency of the cyclone may also increase the attrition rate via abrasion. With modifications to the severity coefficient term to include the solids loading, the cyclone equation derived in this work fits data from Reppenhagen and Werther with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 92%.

Sleep bruxism in individuals with and without attrition-type tooth wear: An exploratory matched case-control electromyographic study

ObjectivesTo examine if there is a difference in possible sleep bruxism activity (SB) in subjects with or without attrition-type tooth wear. MethodsSixteen individuals with pronounced attritional-type tooth wear were compared with sex and aged matched controls without tooth wear by means of measurement of electromyographic (EMG) activity during a minimum of four consecutive nights of sleep. Mean age and range for the study- and control- group was 23.7 years (range 19.9–28.5) and 23.6 years (range 20.3–27.9), respectively. There were 11 females and five males in each of the two groups. The attrition group presented incisal/occlusal attrition wear into dentin and matching wear facets between opposing anterior teeth. The controls had negligible signs of incisal/occlusal wear and a minimal number of matching wear facets. ResultsThe prevalence of both self-reported and partner-reported SB was significantly more common in the attrition group compared to the controls (P=0.04 and P=0.007, respectively). Self-reported morning facial pain was similarly more common in the attrition group (P=0.014). Maximum opening capacity, number of muscles painful to palpation, salivary flow rate and buffering capacity were not significantly different between the groups. Interestingly, none of the measures of jaw muscle EMG activity during sleep, as recorded by the portable EMG equipment, differed significantly between the attrition group and the matched controls (P>0.05). ConclusionsThe results from this exploratory study suggest that there is no difference in EMG activity between subjects with and without attrition-type tooth wear. Further research is needed in order to substantiate these preliminary findings.

Evaluation of 3-body wear of novel composite blocks for CAD/CAM

CAD/CAM generated dental restorations meet standardized manufacturing processes with uniform material quality, reproducibility of restorations and reduction in production costs. CAD/CAM systems in dentistry have rapidly gained importance and popularity, then various types of composite block were introduced as novel material. The purpose of this study were to evaluate the wear resistance of dental novel composite blocks for CAD/CAM.BR Four composite resin blocks (Lava Ultimate, Block HC, Cerasmart, KZR-CAD HR) and one composite ceramic block (Vita Enamic) for CAD/CAM were tested. Wear was simulated with an OHSU oral wear simulator, which simultaneously incorporates the wear mechanism of attrition and abrasion in three-body wear mode. Composite specimens were subjected to 50,000 cycles of wear against a steatite antagonist. Mixture of poppy seeds (2 g) and PMMA beads (1 g) in DW (10㎖) was used for 3-body abrasive medium. After wear simulation, average wear depths for abrasion wear and attrition wear were measured with the use of a 3D profilometer. Ten specimens were tested each group.BR Composite blocks showed excellent abrasion wear resistance (1.74-3.45 ㎛). Cerasmart showed the lowest attrition wear (5.85 ㎛), there were no significantly difference in attrition wear (12.28-14.07 ㎛) for the other four composite blocks (p0.05). Composite ceramic block showed the similar wear behavior to composite resin blocks. Correlation between fraction of ceramic and wear resistance was very low (R² = 0.1684).

Phase Dependent Tool Wear in Turning Ti-6Al-4V Using Polycrystalline Diamond and Carbide Inserts

Tool wear of polycrystalline diamond inserts was analyzed in turning experiments on Ti-6Al-4V. Evidence of phase transformation in turning titanium work material is presented and its impact on tool wear is discussed. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to analyze the rake face of the turning inserts. At cutting speed of 61 m/min, the rake face exhibited scalloped-shaped, fractured wear, characteristic of typical attrition wear. At cutting speed of 122 m/min, a smooth crater was observed, which is a typical characteristic of diffusion/dissolution wear. At the cutting speed of 91 m/min, the wear features were a combination of those observed at speeds of 61 m/min and 122 m/min. A comparison of the wear on the polycrystalline diamond (PCD) tools to that of WC-6Co from our earlier work is also discussed. Microstructural analysis of the of both the undeformed work material and the chip using electron-backscatter diffraction provided evidence to support the phase transformation. Temperature estimates on the rake face of the tool previously extracted from Finite Element Method (FEM) support the possibility of phase transformation at the high cutting speed tested. The difference in the wear pattern was also linked to the extent of recrystallization in the titanium work material. At 61 m/min there was more alpha phase in the work material without much recrystallization, which generated uneven scalloped wear. At 122 m/min, phase transformation of the existing alpha phase to the beta phase in the work material and recrystallization increased the dissolution/diffusion wear process.

Cutting Performances of Coated PVD in High Speed End Milling of Aged Inconel 718

Inconel 718 is a material exhibiting characteristic that are able to maintain strength and integrity at elevated temperatures, but it is well known as a material with poor machinability. This paper presents a study of the performance in high speed machining of TiAlN/AlCrN nanomultilayer PVD coated Inconel 718 with minimum lubrication. Investigations have been made into the effects of cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut (DOC) on the tool life. A toolmakers microscope and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to examine the tool wear and chemical attrition, respectively, on the cutting tool during machining. In the machining of aged Inconel 718, the cutting tool experienced attrition, abrasion and notch wear throughout the experiment. Notch wear was found to be the dominant failure mode during milling; this wear appeared severe when localized flank wear reached the critical zone. The influence of radial depth despite the cutting speed, well known as having the most significant effect on tool life, is also discussed.

Enamel wear opposing different surface conditions of different CAD/CAM ceramics.

The aim of this study was to evaluate bovine enamel wear opposed to four different ceramic substrates (CEREC) in the glazed and polished conditions. Sixty-three ceramic (IPS Empress CAD, Paradigm C, Vitablocs Mark II) and fourteen composite resin (MZ100) styli were prepared. Ceramics were subdivided into three surface conditions (n = 7), unpolished, polished, and glazed, and the composite resin (n = 7) into unpolished and polished. All styli were used as wear antagonists opposing bovine enamel blocks (8 mm × 9 mm) in an oral wear simulator. Wear tests were conducted at 30 N abrasion and 70 N attrition forces applied at 1.7 Hz for 5,000 simulated mastication cycles. Abrasion and attrition wear were evaluated using an automatic profilometer. Statistical analyses were conducted using Tukey's B rank order test, P = .05. For bovine enamel opposing glazed Vitablocs, abrasion and attrition wear showed a volume loss significantly higher than bovine enamel opposing polished Vitablocs (P < .05). For attrition wear, bovine enamel opposing glazed Vitablocs and untreated Paradigm C showed a volume loss higher than bovine enamel opposing the other ceramic conditions. Abrasion and attrition wear of bovine enamel opposing antagonist ceramic was affected according to the ceramic surface condition and the ceramic material. Antagonistic wear against the studied ceramic materials and conditions exhibited wear rates within the range of normal enamel. In addition, the glaze layer presented as a protection, exhibiting fewer cracks and less loss of material on the ceramic surface.

Micro-abrasion study of some dental restorative materials and enamel

Inside the mouth, tooth wear is a very complex phenomenon that occurs due to physiological, pathological, oral hygiene and orthodontics causes. Abrasion is a type of tooth wear, which causes severe damage compared to attrition, abfraction and erosion wear modes that occur simultaneously; principally on occlusal area during close phase of mastication process when abrasive particles from different sources are located between tooth and tooth or tooth and dental composite contact, designated as three-body abrasion wear in Tribology. ‘In vitro’ wear tests were carried out for three different dental composite restorative base resins, using the Micro-scale TE 66 wear test machine that offers the possibility to reproduce micro-abrasive wear (three-body rolling wear). Two different slurries were used; distillate water and artificial saliva containing SiC abrasive particles, F 1200 4 µm. Three dental composites materials and human enamel were tested at 0.25 N load applied, 0.1 m/s speed ball, 7.98 m sliding distance and 22% of volume containing SiC, at room temperature. Lost volume and wear coefficient, k, were calculated. Scanning electron microscopic and atomic force microscopic images were obtained and wear scars were analysed in order to identify wear mechanisms, such as ploughing, cutting and microcraking. Also, brittle delamination was found only for human enamel.

The in vitro wear behavior of experimental resin-based composites derived from a commercial formulation

ObjectiveTo investigate the short- and long-term in vitro wear resistance of experimental resin-based composites (RBCs) derived from a commercial formulation. MethodsSix experimental RBCs were manufactured by manipulating the monomeric resin composition and the filler characteristics of Grandio (Voco GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany). The Oregon Health Sciences University (OHSU) oral wear simulator was used in the presence of a food-like slurry to simulate three-body abrasion and attrition wear for 50,000, 150,000 and 300,000 cycles. A three-dimensional image of each wear facet was created and the total volumetric wear (mm3) and maximum wear depth (μm) were quantified for the RBC and antagonist. Statistical analyses of the total volumetric wear and maximum wear depth data (two- and one-way analyses of variance (ANOVA), with Tukey's post hoc tests where required) and regression analyses, were conducted at p=0.05. ResultsTwo-way ANOVAs identified a significant effect of RBC material×wear cycles, RBC material and wear cycles (all p<0.0001). Regression analyses showed significant increases in the total volumetric wear (p≤0.001) and maximum wear depth data (p≤0.004) for all RBCs with increasing wear cycles. SignificanceDifferences between all RBC materials were evident after ≥150,000 wear cycles and antagonist wear provided valuable information to support the experimental findings. Wear simulating machines can provide an indication of the clinical performance but clinical performance is multi-factorial and wear is only a single facet. Employing experimental RBCs provided by a dental manufacturer rather than using self-manufactured RBCs or dental products provides increased experimental control by limiting the variables involved.