Attribution Of Responsibility Research Articles

Playing the blame game: how attribution of responsibility impacts consumer attitudes toward plastic waste

Manufacturers often blame environmental issues on consumer behaviors. Plastic manufactures provide a classic example, engaging in marketing campaigns attributing responsibility for plastic waste to consumers and deflecting attention from the role of industry. Drawing on attribution theory, we conducted an experiment (n = 113) to test how messaging blaming consumers for plastic waste might influence attitudes, behavioral intentions, and policy support, compared to messaging blaming manufacturers. Compared with the manufacturer-blaming frame, the consumer-blaming frame resulted in less support for regulations increasing consumer accountability for plastic waste. We did not find a significant influence of the message frame on support for regulations holding manufacturers accountable for plastic waste. Based on these results, we suggest that practitioners consider framing messages surrounding plastic waste so as to minimize consumer blame in order to maximize potential support for plastic waste reduction initiatives.

Does corporate social responsibility dimensions effects on employees’ satisfaction and retention for sustainability?

This study investigates the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) dimensions and employees’ satisfaction and retention for sustainability in banks. Four components (economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic) are analyzed CSR activities and their effects on employee’s satisfaction and retention in the company. Purposive and convenient sampling method was used to get the information from 221 participants. The entire form of the dataset is utilized to execute regression and correlation analysis using SPSS. In order to find out the relationship between economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic factors and employee’s satisfaction and retention, regression beta coefficient and correlation were used to analyze. This study also examines the relationship between job satisfaction and intentions to retain with an organization. The findings demonstrate that the CSR aspects of ethical and philanthropic have a considerable and favorable influence on employee’s satisfaction. The outcome also demonstrates a good and prominent influence of legal CSR on the satisfaction of employee’s to retain with the firm. Moreover, this study demonstrates that economic aspect of CSR has no significant impact on employee’s retention and satisfaction. Correlation analysis depicts that economic CSR is positively and significantly connected with employee’s retention and satisfaction. This research came to the conclusion that enhancing employees view regarding CSR activities such as economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic will increase employee’s satisfaction. Therefore, executives and managers in the banks should take steps to influence how employees see CSR areas in order to raise employee’s satisfaction and retention in the banks for sustainability.

Scientific misconduct responsibility attribution: An empirical study on byline position and team identity in Chinese medical papers.

The primary objective of this inquiry was to explore the nexus between authorship attribution in medical literature and accountability for scientific impropriety while assessing the influence of authorial multiplicity on the severity of sanctions imposed. Probit regression models were employed to scrutinize the impact of authorship on assuming accountability for scientific misconduct, and unordered multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine the influence of authorship and the number of bylines on the severity of punitive measures. First authors and corresponding authors were significantly more likely to be liable for scientific misconduct than other authors and were more likely to be penalized particularly severely. Furthermore, a negative correlation was observed between the number of authors' affiliations and the severity of punitive measures. Authorship exerts a pronounced influence on the attribution of accountability in scientific research misconduct, particularly evident in the heightened risk of severe penalties confronting first and corresponding authors owing to their principal roles. Hence, scientific research institutions and journals must delineate authorship specifications meticulously, ascertain authors' contributions judiciously, bolster initiatives aimed at fostering scientific research integrity, and uphold an environment conducive for robust scientific inquiry.

Extinction of the Cause for Reduction and Exemption of Land Value Tax and Its Attribution of Responsibilities: An Analysis of High Administrative Litigation Division of Taipei High Administrative Court Judgment (112) Su Tze No. 14

Extinction of the Cause for Reduction and Exemption of Land Value Tax and Its Attribution of Responsibilities: An Analysis of High Administrative Litigation Division of Taipei High Administrative Court Judgment (112) Su Tze No. 14

THE REPRESENTATION OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) IN AMERICAN BANK SLOGANS

This paper presents an analysis of a sizable collection of American bank slogans in light of Dahlsrud’s five dimensions of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), aiming to assess the degree to which these slogans align with the CSR model. The study is motivated by the observation that while banks frequently emphasize their CSR initiatives on their websites, many customers’ interactions with financial institutions are confined to basic transactions, often leaving them unaware of these corporate responsibilities. Given that slogans serve as a primary means of communication between banks and the public, conveying positive messages about their operations, we investigate their potential to reflect CSR dimensions. The focus of this analysis is on the United States of America, leveraging an online index encompassing nearly five thousand banks, from which a database of about sixteen hundred slogans was compiled. The methodology, detailed in the initial section of the study, employs empirical research and content analysis. The findings indicate that the nature of banks’ core activities, which primarily occur behind the scenes, restricts the portrayal of CSR dimensions in slogans to primarily economic, social, and stakeholder concerns. Conversely, environmental and voluntariness dimensions are notably underrepresented in these communications.

The mediating role of electronic word-of-mouth in the relationship between CSR initiative and consumer satisfaction

The importance of CSR in today's business environment cannot be ignored, especially more and more enterprises realize that when consumers perceive CSR, it will affect consumer behavior and then affect corporate efficiency and reputation. With the widespread application of social media, corporate social responsibility behaviors are easy to be participated and discussed by consumers on the Internet, forming electronic word-of-mouth. Therefore, this paper discusses the influence of electronic word-of-mouth between CSR and consumer satisfaction, taking China's largest Internet enterprise Tencent and its consumers and users as the research object. The overall purpose of this study is to explore the mediating role of electronic word-of-mouth in CSR and consumer satisfaction. This study uses Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) theory as the theoretical framework to explain the relationship between CSR initiatives, eWOM and consumer satisfaction. Using the quantitative method of questionnaire survey, taking China's enterprise Tencent as an example, a total of 490 valid questionnaires from Tencent WeChat users from four different levels of cities were received. The PLS-SEM model was used to deeply study the impact of CSR on consumer satisfaction and electronic word-of-mouth. The study found that philanthropic responsibility has a significant impact on consumer satisfaction, but environmental responsibility has no significant impact on satisfaction. At the same time, electronic word-of-mouth plays a key mediating role between the dimension of charitable responsibility and consumer satisfaction, but there is no mediating relationship between the dimension of environmental responsibility and consumer satisfaction. This study is beneficial to other enterprises in the formulation and planning of social responsibility, helps enterprises better understand consumer demands under different CSR dimensions, and provides a useful reference for the formulation of more accurate CSR strategies.

The effect of environmental values, beliefs, and norms on social entrepreneurial intentions among Chinese university students

This study explores the factors influencing university students’ social entrepreneurial intentions based on the values-beliefs-norms theory. Data were collected from 769 Chinese university students through online surveys. The hypotheses were tested using partial least squares-structural equation modeling. The results confirmed the positive influence of altruistic and traditional values on normative beliefs. Awareness of the consequences and attribution of responsibility had no significant effect on personal norms among university students, which have been discussed in-depth in relation to the phenomenon of inadequate student socialization due to closed-loop management policies at Chinese universities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the findings verified the positive and significant effects of personal, injunctive, and descriptive social norms on social entrepreneurship intentions. With the aim of promoting social entrepreneurship among university students and broadening the understanding of the phenomenon of social entrepreneurs, this study provides a favorable direction and expands the discussion on the topic. The results will help the government and universities foster more effective prosocial behaviors among university students.

Different Realities Surrounding the 2022 Russo-Ukrainian Conflict: The Cases of Russia Today and CNN

The aim of this small-scale research is to provide a combined quantitative and qualitative analysis of the framing of news articles about the 2022 Russo-Ukrainian conflict, focusing on online news portals Russia Today (RT) and CNN. The 5 generic frames: Attribution of responsibility, Human interest, Conflict, Morality, and Economic consequences, developed by Semetko and Valkenburg (2000), were used to perform the analysis. The purpose of this study was to compare the dominant frames and the extent of their usage in the two outlets. Following the compilation of two separate corpora with an equal distribution of 100 articles from each outlet, the articles were classified according to the frames they exhibited by utilizing a set of yes/no questions. To ensure reliability, the classifications were performed independently by both authors. The results of the analysis showed on one hand significant differences in the framing of the war between the two outlets, and on the other similarities in the extent to which framing was utilized. RT mostly relied on the Attribution of responsibility frame to present the West as responsible for the outbreak of war, as well as the Economic consequences frame to portray the Russian economy as resilient despite the Western sanctions. On the other hand, the most frequent frames in CNN’s articles were Conflict and Human interest, which focused on battlefield reports and the portrayal of the Ukrainian side as worthy of assistance, respectively.

How and when employees' attributions of their employers' CSR activities affect their extra‐role work behavior

AbstractThe objective of this research is to examine how and when employees' attributions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) affect their extra‐role service behaviors. The research analyses the mediating role of work meaningfulness in the employees' CSR attributions–extra‐role behaviors relationships. The moderating role of employees' attitudes toward CSR in both the relationships between CSR attributions and work meaningfulness and in the mediated relationship is also studied. The hypotheses were tested on a sample of 204 frontline employees of four‐ and five‐star hotels in Spain using structural equations and the PROCESS macro. The results indicate that only substantive CSR attributions positively influenced employees' extra‐role service behaviors and that the relationship occurs through the work meaningfulness experienced by employees. While substantive CSR attributions boosted work meaningfulness and subsequent extra‐role service behavior regardless of personal attitudes toward CSR, the link between symbolic CSR attributions and work meaningfulness as well as the mediated relationship with extra‐role service behaviors were found to be moderated by employees' personal attitudes toward CSR. When employees had lower personal attitudes toward CSR, symbolic CSR attributions positively affected work meaningfulness and extra‐role service behavior; when attitudes toward CSR were higher, the relationships were not significant. Interesting theoretical contributions and practical insights follow from these findings.

Analysis of the Influence path of BYD ESG Practice on Enterprise Value

The "dual-carbon" goal proposed by the state not only emphasizes that enterprises should adopt the concept of sustainable development, but also sets standards for enterprises to pursue high-quality growth. The practice of ESG (environmental, social and corporate governance) coincides with this goal, and with its development, investors are paying more and more attention to the ESG performance of enterprises, making it an important standard to evaluate the performance of corporate social responsibility. This study takes BYD as a case to explore the company's performance in the three dimensions of environmental protection, social responsibility and corporate governance, and how these practices affect corporate value. The research results aim to provide a reference for other enterprises in the industry and guide them to optimize their own ESG strategies to promote the long-term and stable development of enterprises.

Personality traits and co-occurrence of depressive symptoms and high BMI: a prospective cohort study.

We assess the associations between personality traits and co-occurrence of depressive symptoms and high BMI from adolescence to early adulthood. We employed a nationally representative cohort in China from 2010 to 2020 year. We included adolescents aged 10-19 years without depressive symptoms and unhealthy weight status (obesity, overweight, or thinness) at baseline and excluded those without any measurement of depressive symptoms or BMI at follow-ups. We assessed baseline personality traits in 7 dimensions of conscientiousness, openness, neuroticism, agreeableness, extraversion, self-esteem, and responsibility. We also assessed the combined effects of these 7 dimensions of personality traits by generating individual-level personality trait risk scores based on the weighted sum of all these 7 dimensions of personality traits. We measured the co-occurrence of depressive symptoms and high BMI using both a single measurement of depressive symptoms and BMI at the last follow-up and repeated measurements of them over 10 years. We used the multinomial logistic regression models to examine the exposure-outcome associations. At baseline, we included 1778 individuals (mean age: 14.4 year; female: 853 (48.0%)). At follow-ups, we observed increased risk of co-occurrence of depressive symptoms and high BMI per 1-SD increase in neuroticism score (1.95-2.38 odds ratio) or 1-SD decrease in self-esteem and conscientiousness (0.63-0.80 odds ratio; all P values < 0.05); we observed no evidence of associations between openness, agreeableness, extraversion, or responsibility and the risk of co-occurrence of depressive symptoms and high BMI (all P values > 0.05). For the combined effects of the 7 dimensions of personality traits, we found an elevated risk of co-occurrence of depressive symptoms and high BMI per 1-SD increase in the personality trait risk scores (OR (95% CI), single measurement at the last follow-up: 2.01, 1.66 to 2.43; trajectory classification using the repeated measurements 2.30, 1.55 to 3.42; average level using the repeated measurements: 2.27, 1.93 to 2.67). In this national cohort in China, personality traits were found to be associated with the co-occurrence of depressive symptoms and high BMI from adolescence to early adulthood. These findings highlight the importance of stratifying individuals based on their personality traits and providing targeted interventions for those at risk of comorbid depression and obesity.

Decarbonizing research laboratories? The tensions associated with the commensurability of carbon and how it opens up the boundaries of responsibility attribution

Decarbonizing research laboratories? The tensions associated with the commensurability of carbon and how it opens up the boundaries of responsibility attribution

How safe is the zone, and how voluntarily are the returnees? Turkey’s project for a ‘safe and dignified’ voluntary repatriation of Syrian refugees and the potential implementation of R2P on behalf of returnees

ABSTRACT The millions of refugees in Turkey are left in political limbo. Anti-refugee sentiment in society has also become an issue. However, in contradiction to the earlier Muslim solidarity rhetoric of ‘Muhajir and Ansar’, the Turkish government has been implementing its repatriation project that requires a ‘safe and dignified’ voluntary return of a million Syrian refugees to Turkey's safe zone in Northeast Syria. The article argues that the country's current political, economic and social conjuncture overshadows the voluntary character of the government's repatriation project and claims that Turkey's voluntary repatriation project does not meet the requirements of the international refugee protection regime. Building on the policy-oriented approach to international law, the article examines the potential implementation of the preventive dimension of Responsibility to Protect (R2P) on behalf of Syrian ‘returnees’. The article concludes that the ‘two-phase’ responsibility strategy that imposes responsibilities on the host country and the international community, which would be implemented simultaneously in Turkey's repatriation project, can protect returnees from possible danger in Syria. However, it can also set a precedent for future cases by filling a gap in International Refugee Law that does not address voluntary repatriation.

Blame and praise: responsibility attribution patterns in decision chains

How do people attribute responsibility when an outcome is not caused by an individual but results from a decision chain involving several people? We study this question in an experiment, in which five voters sequentially decide on how to distribute money between them and five recipients. The recipients can reward or punish each voter, which we use as measures of responsibility attribution. In the aggregate, we find that responsibility is attributed mostly according to the voters’ choices and the pivotality of the decision, but not for being the initial voter. On the individual level, we find substantial heterogeneity with three overall patterns: Little to no responsibility attribution, pivotality-driven, and focus on choices. These patterns are similar when praising voters for good outcomes and blaming voters for bad outcomes.

장애인 이동권 시위에 대한 주요 일간지의 보도 특성 분석 : 신문사의 정치적 성향에 따른 뉴스 프레임, 책임귀인 및 취재원 비교를 중심으로

장애인 이동권 시위에 대한 주요 일간지의 보도 특성 분석 : 신문사의 정치적 성향에 따른 뉴스 프레임, 책임귀인 및 취재원 비교를 중심으로

Investigating college students' green food consumption intentions in China: integrating the Theory of Planned Behavior and Norm Activation Theory

IntroductionThe global trend toward consuming green food is on the rise. College students, as the future consumer base, have sparked significant interest in their inclination toward consuming environmentally-friendly foods. This paper integrates the Theory of Planned Behavior with the Norm Activation Theory to investigate the factors influencing college students' propensity to choose green foods, establishing a comprehensive model.MethodsThis study utilized online and paper questionnaires for data collection, distributing them among college students and receiving 350 valid responses. In the data analysis phase, SPSS was employed for statistical data analysis, including descriptive statistics and regression analysis, while AMOS was used for structural equation modeling.Results and discussionThe data analysis results indicate that subjective norms, behavioral attitudes, and individual norms have a significant positive influence on college students' inclination to purchase green food. Purchase intention is indirectly influenced by personal norms and behavioral attitudes through perceptions of consequences. Responsibility attribution indirectly impacts purchase intention of green food through personal norms. Personal norms are indirectly influenced by responsibility attribution through perceptions of consequences.

Corporate Tax Responsibility: Expectations of Implicit and Explicit CSR in the U.K. Media

Corporations have increasingly been called on to assume responsibilities for paying fairer shares of tax, while, at the same time, governments have been repeatedly urged to develop more effective corporate tax systems to tackle tax avoidance. Therefore, institutional attributions of tax responsibility for companies seem to have features of both explicit and implicit corporate social responsibility (CSR). However, given that we lack a clear understanding of which form or forms of CSR in relation to tax are expected of companies and how exactly this might be changing, we examine the evolution in institutional expectations of explicit and implicit CSR for corporate taxation. Drawing on a longitudinal content analysis of 992 news media articles from the United Kingdom between 2000 and 2021, we find that institutional expectations of corporate tax responsibility have followed a process of continuous and non-linear hybridization characterized by a pendulum-like trajectory of explicitization followed by implicitization. We discuss the implications of these findings for the theory and practice of corporate tax responsibility and the framework of explicit/implicit CSR.

Responsibility before freedom: closing the responsibility gaps for autonomous machines

AbstractThe introduction of autonomous machines (AMs) in human domains has raised challenging questions about the attribution of responsibility; referred to as the responsibility gap. In this paper, we address the gap by arguing that entities should not be granted the freedom of action unless they can also recognise the same right for others—and be subject to blame or punishment in cases of undermining the rights of others. Since AMs fail to meet this criterion, we argue that the users who utilize an AM to pursue their goals can instead grant the machine their (the user’s) right to act autonomously on their behalf. In this way, an AM’s right to act freely hinges on the user’s duty to recognise others’ right to be free. Since responsibility should be attributed before an entity is given the freedom to act, the responsibility gap only arises when we ignore the fact that AMs have no right of acting freely on their own. We also discuss some attractive features of the approach, address some potential objections, and compare our theory to existing proposals. We conclude by arguing that holding users responsible for the behaviour of AMs promotes a responsible use of AI while it indirectly motivates companies to make safer machines.

The influence of visual and textual frames on people’s perception of migrants

This study investigated how the combination of textual and visual frames influences the attribution of responsibility for arrest and deportation of undocumented migrants and empathy. A 3 visual frame: (no photo, stereotypical photo, counter-stereotypical photo) × 2 textual frame: (episodic, thematic) between-subjects online experiment revealed that including a counter-stereotypical photograph in both episodic and thematic news stories had a positive effect on empathy for undocumented migrants but did not affect responsibility for arrest and deportation. Adding a stereotypical photograph to an episodic news story significantly reduced societal responsibility for arrest and deportation and decreased the level of empathy.

The Interpretation and Development of International Human Rights Law by the International Court of Justice

本文采用制度主义研究路径，分析了国际法院在国际裁判和执行人权方面的作用，以及它在阐释和发展基本人权规则和原则方面的贡献。国际法院是联合国主要机关之一，也是其主要的司法机关，在国际裁判机制中享有重中之重的特殊地位。国际法院对阐释和发展人权法的贡献可以从三个角度来看：第一，在程序角度，它进一步推动了人权的可诉性。第二，在实体角度，它不仅分析了非殖民化背景下的民族自决权问题和一些公约项下的人权保护范围，还处理了人权公约义务的领土范围问题、国家责任归属问题以及国际不法行为的赔偿问题，为国家、国际组织及其机构、其他法律实体甚至个人制定了行为标准。第三，在制度角度，它确保了联合国人权问题报告员的独立性和不可侵犯性，对联合国大会和安全理事会在维护国际和平与安全方面的职能作出建设性的阐释，并对其遵守国际人权义务的情况进行监督。然而，一些案件体现出国际法院在审理人权案件时存在的管辖权漏洞和其他障碍，它对国际法中某些有争议的问题持谨慎立场。这意味着国际法院有时在实施人权保护方面可能施加的影响有限。 This article uses an institutional approach when discussing the role of the ICJ within the context of international adjudication and enforcement of human rights, as well as its contribution to the interpretation and development of key human rights rules and principles. As one of the main UN organs and its principal judicial organ, the ICJ enjoys a somewhat special position as first among equals. The Court’s contribution to the interpretation and development of human rights can be seen from three aspects. Firstly, from the procedural aspect, the Court furthered the justiciability of human rights. Secondly, from the substantial aspect, the Court has dealt not only with the right to self-determination within the decolonisation context and the scope of human rights protection under the convention, but also with the territorial scope of human rights treaties’ obligations, aspects of attribution of State responsibility and issues concerning reparations for internationally wrongful acts, which lays down standards of conduct for States, international organisations and their organs, other legal entities and even individuals. Thirdly, from the institutional aspect, the ICJ ensures the independence and inviolability of UN human rights rapporteurs, the constructive interpretation of the functions of the General Assembly and the Security Council in matters of international peace and security and their monitoring of compliance with international human rights obligations. However, several cases have highlighted the jurisdictional gaps and other obstacles to litigating human rights cases before the Court. These cases have also highlighted the Court’s guarded position on certain controversial issues under international law. It shows that the limitations to the Court’s potential impact on the enforcement of fundamental human rights.