Attributional Style Research Articles

On the Iranian English as Foreign Language Novice and Experienced Teachers' Attributional Styles and Professional Identity.

Teacher professional identity (TPI) is a characteristic of a teacher, which should be developed in a long, consistent, and progressive process and usually shapes in any specific educational and social context. In addition to several factors influencing TPI, such as university education and empowerment courses, experience seems to play a significant role. Moreover, the role of psychological factors is highly undeniable in the formation and development of TPI. Attributional style (AS) is defined as the consistent way by which people can explain the reasons for the occurrence of good or bad events. Besides considering ASs as one of the crucial variables for academic success, it can be regarded as one of the aspects of shaping one’s identity in general and the teacher’s identity in particular. In order to study the relationship between AS and TPI of teachers regarding their experience, two questionnaires were distributed among 317 Iranian English as foreign language (EFL) teachers, and about 80% returned them. The researchers ran correlational analyses and they came up with a positive and significant relationship (p = 0.04) between TPI and teacher attributional styles (TASs) of teachers. Moreover, experienced teachers proved to have a significant difference from novice teachers regarding their TPIs. The findings of this study would hopefully be advantageous for teacher educators to educate pre-service teachers by ways of constructing identity, and they may be applicable for Iranian EFL teachers to know and focus on different aspects of their professional identity. Moreover, they learn how to manage the intervening factors and shape and empower different domains of their PI, such as teaching experience, by means of exploring and knowing their ASs.

How employees with a depressogenic attributional style respond to negative workplace gossip: Evidence based on a survey and a scenario experiment

Depressogenic attributional style is the general tendency to attribute and infer the causes, consequences, and implications of stressful events in a negative way. Drawing on uncertainty reduction theory, this research examines how employees with a depressogenic attributional style are likely to react to negative workplace gossip. A moderated mediation model was proposed and tested by two online studies. Ordinary least squares regressions were performed. The results of a two-wave survey (N = 460) and a scenario experiment (intervention group versus control group; N = 203) reveal that negative workplace gossip induces employees' fear of negative evaluation, leading to more feedback-seeking behavior. In addition, this indirect relationship is more salient for employees with a depressogenic attributional style. The findings suggest that employees with a depressogenic attributional style tend to attain and maintain self-awareness and interpersonal acumen upon experiencing negative workplace gossip. Implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed.

Effectiveness of positive psychology intervention in promoting happiness and altering attributional style among emerging adults

Happiness has shown to be linked with good health, success, and other positive psychology concepts. However, there are fewer studies on happiness, unlike illness. This study measured the effect of Positive Psychology Intervention on happiness levels and attribution style in emerging adults. A sample of 61 participants took the survey initially in which sample n = 10 was considered for the intervention. Eight-session online positive psychology intervention was designed for the selected sample. The exercises used for the intervention were evidence-based. Subjective Happiness Scale (Lyubomirsky, 1999) was used to measure the happiness levels of the participants. Attributional Style Questionnaire (Peterson et al., 1982) was also used. Results were obtained using Wilcoxon Signed-rank test, Pearson's correlation, and thematic analysis. Happiness was positively related with attributional style and positive psychology intervention had an effect on happiness and attribution style. Results suggest that suitable implementation of intervention can serve as a primary prevention strategy.

The role of cognitive schemas and childhood adversity in the likelihood of developing Major Depressive Disorder

Introduction/objective: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a multifactorial mental health disorder. Stressful events and childhood abuse have been included in different models to explain its etiology. However, little evidence is available on how attributional style and early maladaptive schemas are related to MDD. Method: A retrospective case-control study using a three-stage hierarchical logistic model was conducted to explore the relationship between MDD and psychosocial variables such as childhood adversity, stressful life events, attributional style, and cognitive schemas in a sample of 171 individuals with a current depressive episode and 171 healthy controls. Results: Depression could be predicted by childhood adversity, an attributional style characterized by interpreting stressful events as negative and uncontrollable and the cognitive schemas in impaired autonomy/performance domains and impaired limits. Conclusions: Our results highlight the relevance of identifying cognitive factors, beyond clinical symptoms that could be useful to better understand MDD. These findings may result in better preventive programs and create awareness of the role of cognitive domains in MDD.

РУССКОЯЗЫЧНАЯ ВЕРСИЯ ОПРОСНИКА СПОСОБНОСТИ К СМАКОВАНИЮ ПОЗИТИВНЫХ СОБЫТИЙ

Objective. Th e present study aimed to validate the Russian version of the SBI and determine its factorial structure. Method. Th e participants were 490 adults mainly from Moscow. Th e following measures were used: the Russian version of the SBI, the life orientation test, the attributional style questionnaire, the Rosenberg self-esteem scale, the gratitude scale, the positive and negative aff ect scale, the satisfaction with life scale, the subjective happiness scale, and the Riff ’s scale of psychological well-being. Results. Confi rmatory factor analysis has supported the theoretically expected three-factor structure of the measure. Th ree factors of savoring the moment, anticipation and reminiscence were moderately related. Th e validity of the methodology is confi rmed by correlations of savoring with indicators of psychological well-being, happiness, dispositional optimism, optimistic attributional style for positive events, gratitude, positive aff ect, life satisfaction and self-esteem. All three subscales of savoring and total savoring score showed high level of internal consistency. Th e convergent and structural validity of the method was proved. Conclusion. Th e study showed that the Russian version of the SBI is a valid and reliable instrument to assess savoring ability both in total and in three aspects of the past, present and future.

Особенности распознавания эмоций и управления ими при гелотофобии

<p style="text-align: justify;">Gelotophobia is a fear of ridicule, that manifests both as part of anxiety and depressive disorders, and independently. The study finds out whether some features of recognition and control of expression are limited to the area of positive emotions or manifest themselves in the regulation of other emotions with gelotophobia. The results of self-reporting and test methods for assessing the understanding of emotions, as well as direct and indirect measurements of the ability to control emotions, are compared, and an interference effect of alexithymia is controlled. In total 235 subjects took a part (M<sub>age</sub>=17,95, SD<sub>age</sub>=1,78), among whom 181 female and 54 male students of the humanities answered questionnaires Emotional Intelligence (EI), Ways of coping (WCQ) of Lazarus, Questionnaire of Gelotophobia (GELOPH-15), Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS), attributional style questionnaire of Seligman) and did tests (Video Test of Lysin and Ovsyannikova, timing of emotion naming). Quantitative comparative analysis, correlation, and regression analysis were used. The results indicate that some characteristic properties of recognition and control of emotions associated with gelotophobia extend to some other emotions (sadness, but not fear and anger). The reduction in recognition and control of emotions in gelotophobia manifests only through self-reporting methods, while tests show minimal differences depending on gelotophobia grade and their derived character. The accuracy of recognition decreases with gelotophobia grade only when the recognition time is limited. The reduction of control manifests only in the rarer use of Avoidance coping, which is associated with a lower evaluation of the ability to control achieving success and avoiding failure by the individual. the conviction of the individual.</p>

Understanding consumer continuous usage intention of ride-hailing services: a model based on efficacy and hostility attribution theory

The general adoption of ride-hailing services is contingent on removing the negative media's influence and improving consumers' willingness to use them in the future. It is very important for ride-hailing platforms and governments to promote users' willingness to continue using and retain consumers. On the basis of efficacy theory and adversarial attribution theory, combined with perceived risk and trust, The goal of this study is to figure out what factors influence women's propensity to continue utilizing ride-hailing services. We conducted data analysis on 400 respondents by means of questionnaire survey and structural equation model. Our empirical results suggest that efficacy theory and adversarial attribution theory can provide a strong basis for investigating the continued willingness of female consumers to adopt ride-hailing services. Trust is positively correlated with continuous usage intentions. Self-efficacy and proxy efficacy are positively correlated with trust, while hostile attributional style is negatively correlated with trust. Proxy efficacy is negatively correlated with hostile attributional style. In addition, perceived risk positively affected self-efficacy, and proxy efficacy positively moderated the relationship between self-efficacy and trust.

The beneficial effect of growth mindset intervention for adolescents in economically disadvantaged areas of China

The existing research has explored the effects of growth mindset intervention on individuals in Western culture. This study sought to determine whether growth mindset intervention has a positive impact on adolescents in economically disadvantaged areas of China. Participants in this study were 324 junior high school students who were randomly divided into the intervention group and the control group. The intervention group received six weeks of intervention classes designed to help students learn, internalize, and reinforce the concept of growth mindset. The aims of intervention were to build students’ beliefs that the brain is plastic and that individuals can change by their efforts and help students acquire the strategies to cope with the difficulties. The control group was given six classes on mental health, including time management, habit formation, and memory strategies, which were unrelated to growth mindset. All participants’ implicit theory of intelligence, fixed-trait attributions, grit, and state anxiety were assessed in the pre-test and post-test. The results showed that compared with the control group, the intervention group had a significant increase in growth mindset, the level of grit, and decrease in fixed-trait attributions. That is, for students in the intervention group, strengthening of growth mindset was accompanied by more frequent use of process-focused attribution styles, more perseverance, and greater efforts when faced with challenges and setbacks. Collectively, the results suggested that having a strong growth mindset of intelligence may help students adopt more proactive coping strategies and protect them from the deleterious effects of poverty on student development.

Effectiveness of positive psychology intervention in promoting happiness and altering attributional style among emerging adults

Effectiveness of positive psychology intervention in promoting happiness and altering attributional style among emerging adults

Операционализация атрибутивного стиля как инвариантного свойства атрибутивных технологий деятельности сотрудников полиции на транспорте

<p>The study is devoted to the problem of attributive technologies for the cognition of dangerous phenomena in the activities of police officers in transport The operationalization of technologies is implemented through the attributive style of activity as an invariant quality, which is based on the experience of employees, characterized by a shortage of decision-making time, the presence of situations of uncertainty, and a method of cognitive visualization of a complex of threatened phenomena. The study involved 231 police officers of the departments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation for the Northwestern Federal District, the average age of the surveyed was 31 years. The results made it possible to empirically substantiate the main provisions of the concept, to prove the validity of the content of the “social-perceptual”, “cognitive”, “activity”, “motivational” styles, to present the advantages of the attributive style of employees’ activity. The obtained data are recommended to be taken into account by the management of line departments and personnel departments when carrying out complex work with employees.</p>

Protective and Exacerbating Cognition and Attribution Factors From the Cognitive Discrepancy Theory of Loneliness

According to the cognitive discrepancy theory, although the discrepancy between actual and desired social resources may result in loneliness, Perlman and Peplau (1998) suggested that cognitive processing and attributional style also impact the interpretation of social information. Previous empirical research investigating predictors of loneliness have not assessed a wide range of cognition and attribution factors, so this study filled this gap by examining how protective (optimism, sense of mastery, and purpose in life) and exacerbating (depression, control constraints, negative self-perceptions of aging (SPA), and experiences of age-based discrimination) factors influence and moderate the experience of loneliness cross-sectionally and longitudinally using a sample of 3,345 Americans aged 50 years and older from the 2008 and 2012 waves of the Health and Retirement Study. Optimism (βs = -.15, -.13), mastery (βs = -.08, -.07), purpose in life (βs = -.19, -.18), depression (βs = .22,.14), control constraints (βs = .18, .17), negative SPA (βs = .13, .14), and experiences of ageism (βs = .07, .06) were significantly related to loneliness cross-sectionally and longitudinally, respectively. Optimism buffered the negative impact of poor functional social resources (e.g., low social support) on loneliness cross-sectionally while control constraints, negative SPA, and experiencing ageism exacerbated the relationship between low functional social resources and loneliness cross-sectionally. None of the protective or exacerbating factors modulated the relationship between functional social resources and loneliness longitudinally. These findings have important implications for the development of interventions that target loneliness. Targeting maladaptive cognitions may be particularly effective in reducing loneliness.

The role of the dominant attribution style and daily hassles in the symptoms of depression and anxiety

ABSTRACT Cognitive theories of depression and anxiety posit that attribution bias plays a central role in the onset and maintenance of anxiety and depression. The main goal of the current study was to examine the association of the Weakest Link as an individual’s dominant attribution style, and daily hassles, with depressive and anxious symptoms, and to examine the moderating effect of the Weakest Link on the relationships of daily hassles with depressive and anxious symptoms. 686 undergraduate students recruited from three universities completed questionnaires that measured dominant attribution style, daily hassles, and depressive symptoms and anxious symptoms. Moderation analysis showed that daily hassles and Weakest Link were independent predictors of both depressive and anxious symptoms. Individuals with high Weakest Link scores reported high levels of both depressive and anxious symptoms in the presence of high levels of daily hassles. In conclusion, the current study provides support for moderation effect of the dominant attribution style on the relationship between daily hassles and the symptoms of depression and anxiety.

Children's self-blame appraisals about their mothers' depressive symptoms and risk for internalizing symptoms. Correction to Kouros et al. (2020).

Reports an error in "Children's self-blame appraisals about their mothers' depressive symptoms and risk for internalizing symptoms" by Chrystyna D. Kouros, Sharyl E. Wee, Chelsea N. Carson and Naomi V. Ekas (Journal of Family Psychology, 2020[Aug], Vol 34[5], 534-543). In the article (https://doi.org/10.1037/fa m0000639), "p = .19" should have read "p = .019" in Panel B of Figure 1. The online version of this article has been corrected. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2020-07537-001.) Maternal depressive symptoms are a robust predictor of children's risk for internalizing symptoms, yet not all children are negatively affected by exposure to their mothers' symptoms. The present study tested children's self-blame appraisals as a moderator of the association between maternal depressive symptoms and children's internalizing symptoms, controlling for children's negative attributional style. We hypothesized that the relation between maternal depressive symptoms and children's internalizing symptoms would be stronger for children who blamed themselves more for their mothers' symptoms. Participants were 129 mother-child dyads (M child age = 13.63, SD = 2.2; 52.7% female; 38.8% White, 31% African American, 22.5% Latinx/Hispanic) recruited from the community. Results indicated that maternal depressive symptoms were associated with higher levels of children's internalizing symptoms for children who reported higher, but not lower, levels of self-blame appraisals. Results were consistent using mothers' or children's reports of their own and each other's symptoms. The findings highlight the importance of assessing children's appraisals about their mothers' depressive symptoms, and suggest that preventive interventions should target children who endorse higher levels of self-blame appraisals. Furthermore, children's self-blame appraisals about mothers' depressive symptoms should be considered as a target of treatment for child internalizing disorders. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

The Planned Happenstance Skills Facilitation Process: A Focus on University Students’ Cognitive Processing of External Regulation Motivation and Attribution Style

목적 본 연구는 대학생의 계획된 우연 기술 촉진 과정을 진로장벽에 대한 인지적 처리를 중심으로 살펴보고자 하였다. 방법 본 연구는 수도권 4년제 대학교 재학생 324명 대상으로 실시되었으며, 진로장벽에서 외적 조절 동기를 통하여 계획된 우연 기술로 이어지는 매개모형을 설정하여 부정사건 귀인양식의 조절된 매개효과를 검증하였다. 결과 첫째, 외적 조절 동기는 진로장벽과 계획된 우연 기술의 관계를 부분 매개하였다. 즉, 진로장벽을 높게 인식할수록 외적 조절 동기가 증가하였으며 결과적으로 계획된 우연 기술은 감소하였다. 둘째, 부정사건 귀인양식은 외적 조절 동기와 계획된 우연 기술 간 관계를 조절하였다. 구체적으로 부정적 사건을 불안정적 차원에 귀인 할수록 계획된 우연 기술에 대한 외적 조절 동기의 영향력이 약해지는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 진로방벽이 외적 조절 동기를 통해 계획된 우연 기술에 미치는 영향은 부정사건 귀인의 안정성 정도에 따라 달라지는 조절된 매개효과를 보였다. 결론 끝으로 연구 결과를 토대로 계획된 우연 기술 촉진 과정에 관여하는 인지적 기제와 본 연구의 한계와 의의에 대해 논의하였다.

Social cue recognition and attributional bias in remitted bipolar disorder: Impact on social functioning

The role of social cue recognition and attributional bias on social functioning has been sparsely studied in remitted bipolar disorder (BD). In view of this, we evaluated thirty subjects with BD (without a history of psychotic symptoms) who were in remission and thirty age and, gender-matched healthy controls for social cue recognition [using SoCueReTI (Social Cue Recognition Test- Indian Setting)], and attributional bias (using an Attributional style questionnaire). Social functioning was assessed in subjects with BD using the Functional assessment short test (FAST) - Interpersonal relationships. Subjects with BD had significant deficits in recognizing social cues in low-intensity and high-intensity vignettes when compared to healthy controls. Deficits in recognizing social cues in low-intensity vignettes were significantly correlated with the FAST scores, even after controlling for the number of episodes and duration of illness. Further replication studies are needed to ascertain the association between social cue recognition deficits and social functioning in BD.

Are There Gender Differences in Social Cognition in First-Episode Psychosis?

The aim of this study was to explore gender differences in social cognition in a sample of first-episode psychosis (FEP). An observational descriptive study was performed with 191 individuals with FEP. Emotion perception was assessed using the Faces Test, theory of mind was assessed using the Hinting Task, and attributional style was assessed using the Internal, Personal and Situational Attributions Questionnaire. No gender differences were found in any of the social cognitive domains. Our results suggest that men and women with FEP achieve similar performances in social cognition. Therefore, targeting specific needs in social cognition regarding gender may not be required in early interventions for psychosis.

A randomised controlled trial of a family-group cognitive-behavioural (FGCB) preventive intervention for the children of parents with depression: short-term effects on symptoms and possible mechanisms

ObjectiveParental depression is one of the biggest risk factors for youth depression. This parallel randomized controlled trial evaluates the effectiveness of the German version of the family-group-cognitive-behavioral (FGCB) preventive intervention for children of depressed parents.MethodsFamilies with (i) a parent who has experienced depression and (ii) a healthy child aged 8–17 years (mean = 11.63; 53% female) were randomly allocated (blockwise; stratified by child age and parental depression) to the 12-session intervention (EG; n = 50) or no intervention (CG; usual care; n = 50). Self-reported (unblinded) outcomes were assessed immediately after the intervention (6 months). We hypothesized that CG children would show a greater increase in self-reported symptoms of depression (DIKJ) and internalising/externalising disorder (YSR/CBCL) over time compared to the EG. Intervention effects on secondary outcome variables emotion regulation (FEEL-KJ), attributional style (ASF-KJ), knowledge of depression and parenting style (ESI) were also expected. Study protocol (Belinda Platt, Pietsch, Krick, Oort, & Schulte-Körne, 2014) and trial registration (NCT02115880) reported elsewhere.ResultsWe found significant intervention effects on self-reported internalising (eta_{p}^{2} = 0.05) and externalising (eta_{p}^{2} = 0.08) symptoms but did not detect depressive symptoms or parent-reported psychopathology. Parental depression severity did not modify these effects. Both groups showed equally improved knowledge of depression (eta_{p}^{2} = 0.06). There were no intervention effects on emotion regulation, attributional style or parenting style.ConclusionThe German version of the FGCB intervention is effective in reducing symptoms of general psychopathology. There was no evidence that the mechanisms targeted in the intervention changed within the intervention period.

The New Construct of Well-Being in the Sars-Cov19 Era and Governance Policies Between System Dimensions in the Flipped Inclusion Model

The complex postmodern hyperstimulation exacerbated by the pandemic crisis from Sars-Cov19 is producing a proliferation of psycho-social paradoxes not always consciously managed. Through an investment in the transformative power of education for a permanent organizational the flipped inclusion model didactically transpose the design architecture of computational thinking and affects both the transformation of identity (by acting on learning, communicative, relational, and attribution styles) in an inclusive plural perspective, and indirectly for the promotion of inclusive contests, as emerges from the data of multi-research method being tested since 2014 at the University of Salerno. The activation of experiential training strategies, which affect the promotion of prosocial value, allows to foster an education in the management of potential risks deriving from unconscious transductive processes, generated in hybrid social systems formal, non-formal, and informal, virtual and real.

Child Anxiety Profiles in Chilean Elementary School Students and Academic Self-Attributions in Mathematics

The present study had a dual objective: to verify the existence of profiles of anxious students and to relate the possible profiles with causal self-attributions in the area of mathematics. The sample consisted of 1,730 Chilean children from 9 to 11 years old ( M = 10.05; SD = 1.03). The Visual Analog Scale for Anxiety-Revised and the Sydney Attribution Scale were administered. Four profiles were found by using the latent class analysis: Low Anxiety, Moderate Anxiety, Moderate Anxiety School-type and High Anxiety. The High Anxiety profile tended to attribute its failures more to ability and effort. However, the Moderate Anxiety School-type group showed a greater tendency to attribute its failures to external causes and its successes to effort. The practical implications of these findings for improving the attributional style and the anxiety levels of each profile are discussed.

Parental Depressive Symptoms, Parent Attributional Style, and Child Coping as Predictors of Depressive Symptoms in Children of Parents with Anxiety or Mood Disorders

Few studies have examined the effects of parental depressive symptoms on children in China. The present study examined the relationships between parental depression, parental attributional style, children’s coping strategies and 5–12-year-old children’s depressive symptoms in a sample of Chinese children whose parents had been diagnosed with an anxiety or a mood disorder. The present study confirmed that children of parents with anxiety or mood disorders would show high levels of depressive symptoms. Parents with an optimistic or neutral attributional style rated their children as showing fewer depressive symptoms than parents with a pessimistic style. This study showed a significant positive relationship between children’s disengagement coping and children’s reports of depressive symptoms. The findings highlight the need for early identification of, and support and intervention programs for, parents suffering from depression and children of depressed parents as a means of protecting the psychological well-being of both parents and children.