Attribution Process Research Articles

The Beauty and Importance of Scientific Journals

For more than 300 years, academic journals have been the main means of communication in all disciplines to disseminate scientific discoveries and advances, both theoretical and methodological, through scientific article, since they have covered all the functions of knowledge generation. Writing articles is the highlight of the research process and through it we not only share ideas and foster the spirit of free and cooperative exchange of information, but also fuel the process of self-correction that makes science powerful. To be shared with the community, articles must go through a process of attribution of authorship, certification of validity, dissemination, distribution and archiving of knowledge. Throughout history, scientific journals have gone through different stages and through different problems inherent to the editorial process. In this essay on scientific publications, we will reflect on the nature of publications, their importance and usefulness both social and economic, their less luminous side as well as their role, as a systemic and almost irreplaceable mechanism, in the generation and transmission of scientific culture, of our knowledge and understanding about the world and about ourselves.

A New Computer-Aided Diagnosis System for Breast Cancer Detection from Thermograms Using Metaheuristic Algorithms and Explainable AI

Advances in the early detection of breast cancer and treatment improvements have significantly increased survival rates. Traditional screening methods, including mammography, MRI, ultrasound, and biopsies, while effective, often come with high costs and risks. Recently, thermal imaging has gained attention due to its minimal risks compared to mammography, although it is not widely adopted as a primary detection tool since it depends on identifying skin temperature changes and lesions. The advent of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) has enhanced the effectiveness of breast cancer detection and diagnosis using this technology. In this study, a novel interpretable computer aided diagnosis (CAD) system for breast cancer detection is proposed, leveraging Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) throughout its various phases. To achieve these goals, we proposed a new multi-objective optimization approach named the Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (HPSO) and Hybrid Spider Monkey Optimization algorithm (HSMO). These algorithms simultaneously combined the continuous and binary representations of PSO and SMO to effectively manage trade-offs between accuracy, feature selection, and hyperparameter tuning. We evaluated several CAD models and investigated the impact of handcrafted methods such as Local Binary Patterns (LBP), Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG), Gabor Filters, and Edge Detection. We further shed light on the effect of feature selection and optimization on feature attribution and model decision-making processes using the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) framework, with a particular emphasis on cancer classification using the DMR-IR dataset. The results of our experiments demonstrate in all trials that the performance of the model is improved. With HSMO, our models achieved an accuracy of 98.27% and F1-score of 98.15% while selecting only 25.78% of the HOG features. This approach not only boosts the performance of CAD models but also ensures comprehensive interpretability. This method emerges as a promising and transparent tool for early breast cancer diagnosis.

Are autocratic donors impeding democracy abroad? The presence of autocratic donors and citizens' perceptions of democracy

AbstractDoes the presence of autocratic donors alter citizens' perceptions of democracy? The paper argues that the presence of autocratic donors can alter citizens' views of donors' influence and support for democracy. The study analyses, on the donor side Chinese development assistance from AidData, one of the largest autocratic donors worldwide and, on the recipient side, Serbia—a middle‐income country where both Western and non‐traditional donors are heavily involved with aid projects. The findings suggest that in the presence of higher levels of aid from autocratic donors, citizens who uphold a very positive view of donors' political influence are the least likely to support democracy. The article proposes two main mechanisms: the attribution processes of aid and the instrumentalization of foreign aid by elites. The analysis employs a mixed‐method approach, combining mixed‐ordered probit regression of aid and municipal‐level survey data with insights from 16 interviews with experts on Serbia who have direct experience with aid initiatives or research. The study contributes to advancing our understanding of the impact of autocratic donors on citizens' support for democracy.

TRANSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF SENATOR HAWLEY AND PROFESSOR BRIDGE’S GENDER IDENTITY DEBATE

Using Halliday’s transitivity concept, this paper analyzes the debate between Senator Hawley and Professor Bridges conducted on July 12, 2022. The debate focuses on the topic of people with a capacity for pregnancy, which led to views of gender identity. The way individuals identify their gender has become a social phenomenon, as the idea of gender has broadened to the point that it is seen as a spectrum. The creation of new words outside the two polarizations (i.e., man and woman) could create acknowledgment for the minority group of people with lesser-known gender identities. Using Halliday’s (1994) Transitivity Concept in Systemic Functional Linguistics, this study analyzes the clause structures of both Senator Hawley and Professor Bridges to examine the distribution of the six transitivity processes and their relation to the clauses chosen to represent each participant's ideology regarding their views on gender. The different approaches in their arguments regarding gender identity also show the different ideological beliefs of their parties, which are the Republicans and the Democrats. Senator Hawley dominantly uses mental processes consisting of the desideration process, cognition process, and emotion process. In comparison, Professor Bridges shows a high use of relational processes consisting of the attribution process and identification process. Professor Bridges' relational processes point out Senator Hawley's rigid idea of gender by identifying and valuing the variety of genders. The many clauses stated by Professor Bridges also affirm her liberal belief that views gender as more than just two polarizations while also supporting equality in the idea of abortion rights as something that is needed for women and other groups of genders. Senator Hawley counters Professor Bridges' allegations using mental processes by seeking clarification to align their awareness of gender, which reveals his gender polarization. The use of clauses mentioned by Senator Hawley is done to showcase his implied Republican ideology, which does not find significance in the topic of people with the capacity for pregnancy leading to transphobia.

Relational Processes and Social Projections in Facebook Selfie-Quotation Juxtaposition: An Exploratory Study

Abstract The juxtaposition between selfie and quotation is an emerging user-generated Facebook content. This exploratory study is the first to show how Facebook users self-represent themselves through Relational Processes, based on the intertextuality between these verbal and visual modes. Relational Processes refer to the process of characterizing, identifying or describing a person or entity. In this study, 132 Facebook quotations were categorized into three types of Relational Processes based on the users’ selfies. The clauses were restated into I-expressions to center the users’ multimodal experiential and egocentric positioning. The findings revealed that Attributive Relational Processes, such as “I am happy,” predominated in the self-quotation juxtaposition. These relational processes are then discussed based on the potential social projections within the Philippine cultural circuit, namely: the Filipino culture of “inggit” (envy); crab mentality; being social climbers; and the neoliberal and neocolonial status of the Philippines as channeled through the Western-driven quotations. Overall, we argue that the juxtaposition of these two semiotic modes can lead to the creation of a new persona of the Facebook users, enhancing their digital self-remodeling and self-representation.

The mediating role of attributions of poverty and wealth in the relationship between perceptions of economic inequality and redistribution preferences

ABSTRACT Previous research has identified that the relationship between perceived economic inequality and supporting redistribution is mediated by beliefs about what causes poverty. Despite its usefulness, this approach has failed to recognize the role of perceived causes of wealth in explaining the relationship between these two variables. We conducted correlational (N = 523) and experimental (N = 226) studies, demonstrating that in contexts with high inequality, attributing poverty and wealth primarily to external factors resulted in greater support for redistribution. Furthermore, the attributions that served as mediators varied depending on the proposed redistributive measure. We delve into the significance of wealth attributional processes in understanding attitudes toward redistribution.

Transitivity Analysis of Emily Dickinson’s Poem Entitled “I Cannot Live with You”

This research aims to identify the types of processes, related participants, circumstances, and the field of discourse in Emily Dickinson’s poem entitled “I Cannot Live with You”. The method used is a descriptive qualitative method with the Halliday theory approach on Transitivity Process. The analysis discovered 7 types of transitivity processes and 57 participants, with the dominant types of processes are Material and Relational:Attributive with 12 processes (33.33%). Correspondingly, the most frequent participants were related to the Relational:Attributive Process, particularly the Carrier and Attribute which appeared 12 times (21.05%). Additionally, 4 types of circumstances were identified, totaling 16 instances, with the Circumstance of Accompaniment being the most common with 6 occurrences (40%). The field of discourse in Emily Dickinson’s poem entitled “I Cannot Live with You” is to tell that love cannot last forever.

Are a Child's Autistic Traits, Behavioural Difficulties, Prosocial Behaviour and Temperament Predictors of Parental Self-Efficacy and Satisfaction? A Study on Parents of Autistic and Neurotypical Children Aged 7-11 Years.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the significance of the severity of autistic traits, behavioural difficulties, prosocial behaviour and temperamental characteristics in children for parental self-efficacy and parental satisfaction in two groups of parents: parents of autistic children, and parents of neurotypical children. Data come from 145parents of autistic children and 239 parents of neurotypical children. Using hierarchical multiple regression analyses, the analysis explored the role of child characteristics in prediction of parental self-efficacy and parental satisfaction. The regression model tested explained 21% variation in parental self-efficacy and 27% variation in parental satisfaction in parents of autistic children and 3% of variation of results with respect to parental self-efficacy and 17% variation in parental satisfaction in parents of neurotypical children. In both groups, parental self-efficacy and parental satisfaction were negatively correlated with such child characteristics as severity of behavioural difficulties, severity of autistic traits and emotionality as also positively related to the child's prosocial behaviour. These findings may suggest that particularly useful mental health prevention programs for parents should combine two elements: developing parents' abilities of effectively coping with children's behavioural difficulties and working on attribution processes and negative convictions about parenthood.

Assessing Attribution and Credible Deterrence in Cyberspace

This study examines the issues that states face in discerning actors within the realm of cyberspace, characterizing these challenges as akin to navigating the unregulated landscape. Lack of an effective attribution mechanism and a credible deterrence framework have significantly contributed to the volatility in cyber domain in contemporary times. This paper argues that states often accuse their adversaries of orchestrating cyber-attacks against them, yet they frequently fail to provide substantial evidence because actors behind attacks in cyberspace leverage the inherent anonymity of cyberspace to evade accountability, complicating the process of attribution even further. In addition, this study also underscores the importance of establishing an effective mechanism of deterrence in cyberspace to dissuade the attacking actors from engaging in malicious cyber activities. In line with this, this paper looks at the cyber space activities through novel perspective of no biasness, without subjectivity and tends to offer the answers of why attribution is problem, is there any possible solution to it in practice. Therefore, this study aims to highlight the ways to attribute the cyber-attacks and highlight the challenges to attribution, especially in the current scenario of states sponsoring indirectly cyber-attacks against many other states by outsourcing their aggressive designs in cyberspace to non-state actors.

A Consistent Inconsistency: A Cultural Study of Attributions of Fans in The United States

Literature explores cultural orientation in cross-cultural settings but fails to look at the diversity that exists in the U.S. population. I collected data from a liberal arts university in California. I examine the role cultural orientation plays in how sport fans may attribute the performance of their sport team. Correlations and hierarchical regression analyses were used to test the hypotheses of this study. Results revealed unique findings for the attribution process. The interaction of collectivism and fan identification was negatively associated with internal attributions across wins (p < .05). Asian Americans had lower levels of internal attributions across wins (p < .01). Recommendations for future research are provided.

Revealing the Ideology of Documentary Film Dirty Vote: Critical Discourse Analysis with Transitivity Perspective

The Dirty Vote documentary movie attempted to depict the ambiance of Indonesia’s general election. Movies inherently reflect the viewpoints and ideology of particular groups; therefore, it led us to research the film further by using Critical Discourse Analysis. Film as one of the discourses has its linguistics characteristic which brings the ideological orientations. This research aims to reveal the ideology of Dirty Vote from transitivity perspective. Transitivity is the ideational function that can show what happens in a text as it is related to a series of context in which participants, processes, and circumstance must be used in a discourse. In addition, this research uses Fairclough›s Critical Discourse Analysis to reveal ideological assumptions in discourse. The data is taken from the utterance of one of the constitutional law experts, namely Zainal Arifin Mochtar (ZAM). Fairclough›s CDA model: description, interpretation and explanation are used to analyze the data. This study found that the processes in opening of the film are relational attributive process, material process and behavioral process. Meanwhile, the processes perceived in the content of the movie are material, relational attributive, relational identifying, behavioral, verbal, mental, and existential process. The transitivity analysis in the film produces representation of general election reflected in the ZAM’s speech and create the ideology of the film.

HR analytics and the data collection process: the role of attributions and perceived legitimacy in explaining employees’ fear of datafication

PurposeThis paper analyzes employees’ perceptions of data collection processes for human resource analytics (HRA). More specifically, we study the effect that information sharing practices have on employees’ attributions (i.e. benevolent vs malevolent) through the perceived legitimacy of data collection and monitoring processes. Moreover, we investigate whether employees’ emotional reaction (i.e. fear of datafication) depends on their perceived legitimacy and attributions.Design/methodology/approachThe research is based on a sample of 259 employees operating for an Italian consulting firm that developed and implemented HRA processes in the last 3 years. The hypothesized model has been tested using structural equation modeling (SEM) on Stata 14.FindingsThis paper demonstrates the mediating role of perceived legitimacy in the relationship between information sharing practices and employees’ benevolent and malevolent attributions about data collection and monitoring processes for HRA practices. Results also reveal that perceived legitimacy predicts employees’ fear of datafication, with benevolent attributions that partially mediate this relationship.Practical implicationsThis research indicates that employees perceive, try to make sense of and emotionally react to HRA processes. Moreover, we reveal the crucial role of information sharing practices and perceived legitimacy in determining employees’ attributions and emotional reactions to data collection and monitoring processes.Originality/valueCombining human resource (HR) attributions, HR system strength, information processing and signaling theories, this work explores employees’ perception, attributive processes and emotional reactions to data collection processes for HRA practices.

Tuning one and other

ABSTRACT Being and bearing witness is foundational to social structures. Different kinds of mediated presence, which have been introduced by information and communication technology in the twentieth century, affect how people are witness to each other. To better understand trade-offs for trust, the so-called YUTPA framework is developed, which allows for identifying different presence configurations. As a techno biography, the memory of four live events is re-visited to explore the force of mediating presence for being and bearing witness in the new presence configurations that have emerged in the use of information and communication technology. These live events happened in different decades with different levels of technology and all represent a threshold in the developing media schemata in the Amsterdam digital cultural scene since the 1980s. This article argues that for being and bearing witness in mediated presence, psychological capacities for processes of imagination, attribution and immediate adaptation are pivotal. Witnessing the self appears to be a key capacity in these processes. While steering towards well-being and survival, ethical positions that reflect trade-offs for trust and truth, are chosen. It is the physical presence of the witness as the beholder of sensations, emotions and feelings, that steers towards well-being and survival.

Two Sides of Theory of Mind: Mental State Attribution to Moving Shapes in Paranoid Schizophrenia Is Independent of the Severity of Positive Symptoms.

Theory of Mind (ToM) impairment has repeatedly been found in paranoid schizophrenia. The current study aims at investigating whether this is related to a deficit in ToM (undermentalizing) or an increased ToM ability to hyperattribute others' mental states (overmentalizing). Mental state attribution was examined in 24 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (12 acute paranoid (APS) and 12 post-acute paranoid (PPS)) with regard to positive symptoms as well as matched healthy persons using a moving shapes paradigm. We used 3-T-functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to provide insights into the neural underpinnings of ToM due to attributional processes in different states of paranoid schizophrenia. In the condition that makes demands on theory of mind skills (ToM condition), in patients with diagnosed schizophrenia less appropriate mental state descriptions have been used, and they attributed mental states less often to the moving shapes than healthy persons. On a neural level, patients suffering from schizophrenia exhibited within the ToM network hypoactivity in the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and hyperactivity in the temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) as compared to the healthy sample. Our results indicate both undermentalizing and hypoactivity in the MPFC and increased overattribution related to hyperactivity in the TPJ in paranoid schizophrenia, providing new implications for understanding ToM in paranoid schizophrenia.

What should I wear to work? An integrative review of the impact of clothing in the workplace.

Perceptions of clothing are complex, varying across individuals, situations, cultures, and time. Although there is very little research on the topic in our field, evidence from a wide variety of other disciplines points to the importance of clothing in the workplace. In this article, we review this evidence and identify three universal and distinctive clothing characteristics at work: formality, provocativeness, and fashionability. We also identify two other categories: uniforms and religiosity of clothing, which are tied to particular social groups. Drawing on attribution theory and the stereotype content model, we provide a cohesive conceptual framework in which clothing characteristics influence observers' perceptions of wearer's warmth and competence through observers' dispositional attribution processes. These perceptions, in turn, influence facilitation behaviors, such as providing support to wearers, and harm behaviors, such as negatively biased performance appraisal. We conclude by offering suggestions for future research and implications for employees and employers with regard to managing clothing choices and avoiding potential biases. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Having a seat at the table—A feminist autoethnography of the university kitchen

Research on the social construction of the scientific personality has shown that one is not simply born a scientist, but rather becomes one through processes of social recognition and attribution. By emphasizing the reciprocal constitution of gender and science, the notion of science as (gender) neutral and objective has been rejected. Although feminist scholars have always recognized the complex ways in which gender (and other social categories) play an important role in how people can or cannot inhabit spaces, little attention has been paid to the role of the university kitchen and its practices in becoming a scholar, and the role of gender in the appropriation of this academic space. The article addresses this research void by using a feminist autoethnographic approach to situate the author’s personal experiences within a broader cultural and social context. The findings show that the practices that take place in the university kitchen (e.g. conversations around the kitchen table) can be understood as symbolic practices in which symbolic capital can be accumulated. These practices are a crucial initiation rite for early career researchers, as they show whether one belongs to the scientific field. Findings suggest that (bodily) orientations shape how the university kitchen appears and what it means to inhabit this space. The results indicate that female early career researchers encounter physical and psychological borders when trying to access the university kitchen. The article thus points to the subtle mechanisms of exclusion and distinction that contradict the self-image of science. Implications for early career researchers and scientific practice are discussed.

A measure of attributions for peer victimization: psychometric properties and differences among bullying roles

ABSTRACT Attributional processes about why outcomes occur constitute an important mediating mechanism that can explain different reactions of both the targets of harassment and their peers. The present study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of a measure of attributions for victimization among adolescents, using Confirmatory Factor Analyses, and to examine differences among roles (i.e., not involved, bullies, victims, bully-victims) in self-blame attributions, by means of testing invariance. The sample consisted of 1,207 adolescents (54% females; Mage = 14.89; SD = 1.39). The results showed a multidimensional structure of the scale with three factors (Characterological self-blame, Behavioral self-blame, and External Attribution). Partial invariance was found across different roles, highlighting a difference in the latent means of Characterological Self-Blame, higher in the victim group than in the other roles. The findings suggested how victims showed biases in their interpretations of social situations attributing the negative experience to internal, stable, and uncontrollable causes.

Influence of pre-processing methods on the automatic priority prediction of native-language end-users’ maintenance requests through machine learning methods

Feedback and requests by occupants are relevant sources of data to improve building management, and building maintenance. Indeed, most predictable faults can be directly identified by occupants and communicated to facility managers through communications written in the end-users’ native language. In this sense, natural language processing methods can support the request identification and attribution process if they are robust enough to extract useful information from these unstructured textual sources. Machine learning (ML) can support assessing and managing these data, especially in the case of many simultaneous communications. In this field, the application of pre-processing and ML methods to English-written databases has been widely provided, while efforts in other native languages are still limited, impacting the real applicability. Moreover, the performance of combinations of methods for pre-processing, ML and classification classes attribution, has been limitedly investigated while comparing different languages. To fill this gap, this work hence explores the performance of automatic priority assignment of maintenance end-users’ requests depending on the combined influence of: (a) different natural language pre-processing methods, (b) several supervised ML algorithms, (c) two priority classification rules (2-class versus 4-class), (d) the database language (i.e. the original database written in Italian, the native end-users’ language; a translated database version in English, as standard reference). Analyses are performed on a database of about 12000 maintenance requests written in Italian concerning a stock of 23 buildings open to the public. A random sample of the sentences is supervised and labelled by 20 expert annotators following the best-worst method to attribute a priority score. Labelled sentences are then pre-processed using four different approaches to progressively reduce the number of unique words (potential predictors). Five different consolidated ML methods are applied, and comparisons involve accuracy, precision, recall and F1-score for each combination of pre-processing action, ML method and the number of priority classes. Results show that, within each ML algorithm, different pre-processing methods limitedly impact the final accuracy and average F1-score. In both Italian and English conditions, the best performance is obtained by NN, LR, SVM methods, while NB generally fails, and by considering the 2-class priority classification scale. In this sense, results confirm that facility managers can be effectively supported by ML methods for preliminary priority assessments in building maintenance processes, even when the requests database is written in end-users’ native language.

“I Wish to God That My Request Will Be Successful! It Would Be the Greatest Joy of My Life”

Abstract Following the lead of historiography on credit and prestige in literature, this article considers reputation and recognition not as inherent qualities of an author, but as the result of the process of attribution. In particular, drawing on nomination letters and evaluations by the Swedish Academy, it focusses on the staging of brilliance and impact in Nobel Prize nominations. Using the examples of the German authors Georg Bonne, Hermann Türck and Arno Holz, we reconstruct and discuss ‘Nobel nomination campaigns’. The dossiers reveal what the Nobel Prize nomination process looked like behind the scenes, how their nominators enacted them, and why they ultimately did not receive the award. One a more general level, we discuss the influence Nobel campaigns have and what literary and social fields they affect.

Chemometrics Assisted Formulation of Glimepiride Nanosuspension for Solubility Enhancement in Diabetic Therapy—A Systematic Approach

AbstractGlimepiride (GLM), a third‐generation sulfonylurea oral hypoglycemic medication, is used to treat type II diabetes. Admittedly, it has a low bioavailability, a relatively short half‐life (t1/2), and high toxicity. To address the issue, a nanosuspension of poorly soluble GLM is designed using a Quality‐by‐Design (QbD) method, to enhance its solubility. Prospective risk factors are identified and assessed using Critical Material Attribute (CMAs) and Critical Processing Parameter (CPPs) to evaluate the targets by Taguchi orthogonal array (OA) design and to study the effects of formulation and process variables on dependent variables. The amount of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (X2), agitation time (X5), and concentration of Poloxamer (X7) are found as significant parameters (p < 0.05), and are further optimized using the Box Behnken Design as response surface methodology model. The optimized GLM nanosuspension 1) has mean particle size (PS), zeta potential, viscosity (VS), and percentage cumulative drug release (CDR%) of 258.17 nm, −25.2 mV, 1.087cPs, and 98.52%, respectively. The pattern of drug release is fitted to Non‐Fickian kinetics. The study results in an economic and efficient nano formulation with enhanced solubility.