Attractive Strength Research Articles

A NOVEL MAGNETIC SYSTEM TO TREAT TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY INSTABILITY

Dislocation after total hip replacement (THR) is a devastating complication. Risk factors include patient and surgical factors. Mitigation of this complication has proven partially effective. This study investigated a new innovating technique to decrease this problem using rare earth magnets.Computer simulations with design and magnetic finite element analysis software were used to analyze and quantitate the forces around hip implants with embedded magnets into the components during hip range of motion. N52 Neodymium-Iron-Boron rare earth magnets were sized to fit within the existing acetabular shells and the taper of a hip system. Additionally, magnets placed within the existing screw holes were studied. A 50mm titanium acetabular shell and a 36mm ceramic liner utilizing a taper sleeve adapter were modeled which allowed for the use of a 12mm × 5mm magnet placed in the center hole, an 18mm × 15mm magnet within the femoral head, and 10mm × 5mm magnets in the screw holes.Biomechanical testing was also performed using in-vitro bone and implant models to determine retention forces through a range of hip motion.The novel system incorporating magnets generated retentive forces between the acetabular cup and femoral head of between 10 to 20 N through a range of hip motion. Retentive forces were stronger at the extreme position hip range of motion when additional magnets were placed in the acetabular screw holes. Greater retentive forces can be obtained with specially designed femoral head bores and acetabular shells specifically designed to incorporate larger magnets. Mechanical testing validated the loads obtained and demonstrated the feasibility of the magnet system to provide joint stability and prevent dislocations.Rare earth magnets provide exceptional attractive strength and can be used to impart stability and prevent dislocation in THR without the complications and limitations of conventional methods.

Advancing fracture toughness in high-strength TC18 alloy by optimizing the forging process

Optimizing performance and reducing costs often exhibit a trade-off relationship, thereby limiting the broader application of Ti alloys. To address the above challenge, this study involves comparative analyses of strength and fracture toughness, for TC18 alloy processed through distinct forging methods—long-period forging (M1) and short-period forging (M2). The results shows that both M1 and M2 present analogous content and dimensions of equiaxed primary α phase (αp) and secondary α phase (αs), as well as comparable values for yield stress (∼1050 MPa), and plasticity (∼7 %). Nevertheless, fracture toughness of the latter (M2) exhibits a notable increase (74.3 MPa∙m1/2) than that of the former (55.1 MPa∙m1/2). This phenomenon is primarily attributed to the heightened compatibility of mechanical properties and superior orientation relationship between αp and βt in M2 as opposed to M1. These characteristics give rise to a homogeneous deformation and an augmentation in void nucleation within the αp phase in the larger plastic deformation zone in M2. Additionally, the translocation of dislocations from αp/βt interfaces into the βt matrix in M2 is also verified by the tensile test at 3 % strain. The findings provide a promising insight for the design of low-cost Ti alloys with attractive strength and damage tolerance.

A novel (CuMnNi)100-xSnx medium entropy bronze alloys with excellent mechanical properties and wear resistance

Cu-Mn-Ni-based medium-entropy bronze (MEB) alloys exhibit attractive compressive strength and ductility, making them highly promising for structural applications in comparison to conventional copper alloys. Here, a series of (CuMnNi)100-xSnx (x = 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20, mass ratio) MEB alloys were fabricated using the induction melting technique, and the effects of Sn content on the phase formation, microstructure evolution, and mechanical properties were extensively studied. Additionally, the tribological properties of the MEB alloys were investigated and compared with the conventional aluminum bronze C6161 alloy. The results indicate that adding Sn element promotes the formation of body-centred cubic (BCC) phase in the MEB alloys and causes a distinct microstructure transition from the single face-centered cubic (FCC) phase to the duplex phase structure consisting of FCC and BCC. Benefiting from the solid solution strengthening induced by Sn atoms and the formation of hard BCC phase, the MEB alloys exhibit significantly enhanced hardness, yield strength, and compressive strength as the Sn content increases from 0 to 20 wt%. The wear resistance of the MEB alloys improves with increasing Sn content, surpassing that of the C6161 alloy when x exceeds 5. The competitive mechanical and tribological properties of the MEB alloys are primarily attributed to the synergistic effect between the ductile FCC phase and the hard BCC phase.

Utilization of Palm Oil Waste into Liquid Smoke in Cellulose Commercial Starch Nano Fiber Composite as Antimicrobial Substances in the Manufacturing of Food Packaging

The high demand for plastic use today will result in environmental damage because the plastic that is widely used cannot be broken down. This plastic waste is dangerous for the sustainability of the food chain, pollutes water and soil, causes global warming, and causes air pollution. This research synthesizes a cellulose nanofiber composite with commercial starch in a 1:1 ratio with the influence of the addition of smoke liquid from palm oil waste. This research aims to process cellulose nanocomposite fibers combined with commercial starch and use them in biodegradable plastic by testing the effect of giving smoke liquid on the development of microbial substances in environmentally friendly biodegradable plastic food packaging. So the resulting product is expected to have the potential to reduce dependence on the use of synthetic plastic. This research aims to determine the optimum concentration of liquid acid from empty oil palm fruit bunches as an antimicrobial agent in the resulting bioplastic. The addition of liquid smoke changes the bioplastic properties of FTIR and XRD the attractive strength of bioplastic. The sample with the highest concentration of liquid smoke had the greatest tensile strength (2.34 MPa). The addition of liquid smoke concentration from empty oil palm shells showed a good inhibitory area for the development of bacillus cereus (10.8 mm).
 Keywords: liquid smoke, plastic biodegradable, food packaging, antimicrobial

Gain reversal in the translocation dynamics of a semiflexible polymer through a flickering pore

We study the driven translocation of a semiflexible polymer through an attractive extended pore with a periodically oscillating width. Similar to its flexible counterpart, a stiff polymer translocates through an oscillating pore more quickly than a static pore whose width is equal to the oscillating pore’s mean width. This efficiency quantified as a gain in the translocation time, highlights a considerable dependence of the translocation dynamics on the stiffness of the polymer and the attractive nature of the pore. The gain characteristics for various polymer stiffness exhibit a trend reversal when the stickiness of the pore is changed. The gain reduces with increasing stiffness for a lower attractive strength of the pore, whereas it increases with increasing stiffness for higher attractive strengths. Such a dependence leads to the possibility of a high degree of robust selectivity in the translocation process.

Impact Fracture Behaviour of Powder Metallurgy Steels Sintered at Different Temperatures

For powder metallurgy steels prepared through the press-and-sinter route, interparticle bonding is the most decisive feature defining the mechanical properties. It depends on the compacting pressure, but predominantly on the sintering conditions, mainly the sintering temperature. In the present contribution, the progressive strengthening of the sintering necks with increasing temperature is shown by fractography for plain carbon steels as well as alloyed grades. For sintered steels, in contrast to wrought steels, the appearance of cleavage fracture is rather a positive sign, indicating pronounced interparticle strength as attained at high sintering temperatures. At lower temperatures, in contrast, localised failure of the sintering necks typically occurs as ductile rupture, but with rather low consumed energy. Alloy elements with a high oxygen affinity introduced by prealloying retard formation of sound sintering bridges up to temperatures at which carbothermal reduction of the surface oxides becomes possible, while admixing such elements through suitable masteralloys yields attractive interparticle strength already at standard belt furnace temperatures of 1120 °C.

Kinetic relaxation and nucleation of Bose stars in self-interacting wave dark matter

We revisit kinetic relaxation and soliton/boson star nucleation in fuzzy scalar dark matter featuring short-ranged self-interactions Hint=−λ|ψ|4/2m2, alongside gravitational self-interactions. We map out the full curve of nucleation timescale for both repulsive (λ<0) and attractive (λ>0) short-ranged self-interaction strength and in doing so reveal two new points. Firstly, besides the two usual terms, ∝G2 and ∝λ2, in the total relaxation rate Γrelax, there is an additional cross term ∝Gλ arising due to interference between gravitational and short-ranged self-interaction scattering amplitudes. This yields a critical repulsive interaction strength λcr≃−2πGm2/v02, at which the relaxation rate is smallest and serves as the transition point between typical net attractive self-interaction (λ≳λcr) and net repulsive self-interaction (−λ≳−λcr). Secondly, while in the net attractive regime, nucleation timescale is similar to inverse relaxation timescale τnuc∼Γrelax−1; in the net repulsive regime, nucleation occurs at a delayed time τnuc∼(λ/λcr)Γrelax−1. We confirm our analytical understanding by performing 3D field simulations with varying average mass density ρ¯, box size L and grid size N. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Gel transition of active triblock copolymers

The self-propulsion of active matter leads to many non-equilibrium self-organization phenomena, and the conformational freedom of polymer chains can produce unique equilibrium self-assembly behaviors, which stimulates cross-disciplinary research between active matter and polymer physics. In this work, we use molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the modulation of self-propulsion activity on the gel transition of ABA triblock copolymers. The research results indicate that under different active forces and attractive strengths, the gel states formed by ABA copolymers can be divided into three types: stable polymer gels with stable percolation paths and uniform spatial distribution, dynamic polymer gels with constantly changing percolation path and strand conformation, and collapsed polymer gels aggregating into large percolating clusters. The spatial uniformity of active gels is related not only to the concentration fluctuation during the formation of the network, but also to the inconsistent movement of the network chains caused by the activity, which is manifested in the rotation of crosslinking points in the flexible system and the directional movement of the bundles along their contour directions in the semi-flexible and rigid systems. In terms of topological conformation of polymer networks, when the attractive strength between A blocks is strong, the proportion of loop increases with the active force increasing. When attractive strength is weak, inter- and intra-chain binding are unstable, and the conformation is easily changed by the activity drive, noise and other chain collisions, so the proportion of loop decreases with the active force increasing. The branching number of crosslinking points varies with active force, which is not only affected by the attraction strength, but also related to the rigidity of the network chain. Generally, the branch number of crosslinking points in semi-flexible networks is larger than that in flexible and rigid networks. In addition, the directional motion of active polymers induces anomalous diffusion in stable polymer gels. This study contributes to the understanding of the collective behavior of active polymers and serves as a guide for designing and implementing active polymeric materials.

Reinforcement using undoped carbon quantum dots (CQDs) with a partially carbonized structure doubles the toughness of PVA membranes.

Nano-carbon-reinforced polymer composites have gained much consideration in functional applications due to their attractive mechanical strength and cost-effectiveness. The surface chemistry and associated mechanical strength of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, and other carbon derivative-based nanocomposites are well understood. While CQDs are considered emerging carbon derivatives, their surface chemistry, unique physio-chemical properties, and dispersion behavior in polymers are yet to be explored. Therefore, in this work, CQDs with different structures were synthesized from lemon pulp and urea, and their rheology and mechanical strength were studied in the PVA matrix. The surface chemistry and structure of CQDs were controlled using different solvents and reaction temperatures, respectively. CQDs possessed a circular shape, with a size of <10 nm, having a suitable carbon core and functional groups, as confirmed by TEM and FTIR spectroscopy. The dynamic viscosity and particle size of PVA/CQDs films peaked at 4% inclusion due to the maximum crosslinking of U-CQDs with reinforcement at 180 °C. Compared with pure PVA, the optimized composite showed an 80% larger particle size with 67% better tensile strength at 4% U-CQDs concentration. In addition to enhanced mechanical strength, CQDs exhibited antibacterial activity in composites. These CQDs-reinforced PVA composites may be suitable for different functional textile applications (shape memory composites and photo-active textiles).

Particle number and interactions in the entropic uncertainty relations

The dependence of the entropic uncertainty relations on particle number and on attractive and repulsive interparticle potential strengths, is examined in the ground state of coupled harmonic oscillators. The reduced entropy sums depend on the normalization constants of the position and momentum densities, which in turn depend on particle number and interaction strength. These sums exhibit maxima as the particle number is varied, when the particles are in the presence of attractive potentials. On the other hand, no maxima are observed for systems with a repulsive potential. All reduced entropy sums increase and move away from the bound with greater interactions. Consistent behaviours are observed for both reduced one- and two-variable entropy sums. Further reductions of the N-particle densities induce that the respective entropy sums are now farther away from the corresponding bounds. The interpretation of these results is that reduction and increased interaction translates into a weakening of the strength of the uncertainty principle statement. The one- and two-variable entropy sums of these systems are shown to approximate the relation, when the intensity of the one-body harmonic potential is set at the number of particles.

The coating of ex–situ AlN particles with in–situ AlN nanolayers in an (AlN + AlB2)/Al composite

In this paper, an (AlN + AlB2)/Al composite was produced via liquid–solid reaction. Except for in–situ formed AlN and AlB2 phases, a nanolayer with the thickness of roughly 10 nm was found coating the ex–situ AlN. The nanolayer has the same crystal structure with ex–situ AlN, which is supposed beneficial for the combination between ex–situ AlN and Al matrix. The composite exhibits attractive ultimate tensile strength at 25 °C and 350 °C, which is 416 MPa and 242 MPa, respectively.

Anallisis Pengembangan Produk Minuman Sinom Menggunakan Matrik SWOT dan Metode QSPM

Sinom drink product "FA DRINK" is a traditional drink that has many benefits for the body. In the development of its business, this beverage product has constraints in developing products to be accepted by the community. One of the problems encountered is the large number of similar beverage products on the market. The development strategy that will be carried out is based on strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats with the SWOT (Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities, and Threats) method, which is then sorted by the QSPM matrix to get a priority strategy. The results showed the total weight of the IFE matrix score of 3.319 and EFE of 2.990 so that the company was in a grow and build condition. Based on the QSPM matrix, the highest value is 6.863 and the lowest value is 5.17. Product development strategy recommendations based on the QSPM matrix are to collaborate with traders to increase sales, marketing by participating in exhibitions, improving product packaging to make it more attractive strengths

Solid-liquid equilibria of triacylglycerols and vitamin E mixtures

Oils and fats are important ingredients for food and pharmaceutical industries. Their main compounds, such as triacylglycerols (TAG), are responsible for determining their physical properties during food storage and consumption. Lipid-rich foods are also sources of minority compounds, which is the case of vitamin E, mainly represented by (±)-α-tocopherol. These compounds can interact with the main lipid molecules in food formulation leading to modification on lipids’ physicochemical properties during processes, storage, as well as during digestion, possibly altering their nutritional functionalities, which is the case of vitamin E antioxidant abilities, but also their solubility in the systems. In this case, the study of the phase-behavior between (±)-α-tocopherol and lipid compounds can elucidate these physicochemical changings. Therefore, this work was aimed at determining the solid–liquid equilibrium (SLE) of binary mixtures of TAG (tripalmitin, triolein and tristearin) and (±)-α-tocopherol including the complete description of their phase diagrams. Melting data were evaluated by Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Microscopy, X-Ray Diffraction, and thermodynamic modeling by using Margules, UNIFAC, and COSMO-SAC models. Experimental results showed that systems presented a monotectic-like behavior, with a significant decreasing in TAG melting temperature by the addition of (±)-α-tocopherol. This high affinity and attractive strengths between these molecules were also observed by thermodynamic modeling, whose absolute deviations were below 2 %. Micrographs and X-ray diffraction evidenced the possible formation of solid solutions. Both behaviors are interesting by avoiding phase separation on food in solid and liquid phases, possibly improving the antioxidant role the (±)-α-tocopherol in lipid-base systems.

Experimental investigations on chemo-mechanical magneto-rheological finishing of Al-6061 alloy using composite magnetic abrasive (CIP-Al2O3) developed via microwave-sintering route

Magneto-rheological (MR) fluid-based surface finishing techniques rely heavily on simply mixed magnetic abrasives due to their ease of preparation. The abrasive particle's in a slurry begin to fly out from the finishing region during the surface finishing process because of the high centripetal force caused by the magnet rotational speed, reducing the process's effectiveness. To fill this void, a new CIP-Al2O3 composite magnetic abrasive is being developed via microwave sintering and proposed for the chemo-mechanical magneto-rheological finishing (CMMRF) process for their extensive performance evaluation. The composite magnetic abrasive (CIP-Al2O3) abrasive's structural and phase composition findings suggest that Al2O3 grains are tightly embedded and have strong attractive strength among the particles. The developed CIP-Al2O3 abrasives also possess the required magnetization and rheological properties for surface finishing. The experiments are carried out using a central composite design and ANOVA to correlate the output response (surface roughness and material removal rate) and parametric variables (tool speed, work-gap, and finishing time) in the CMMRF of Al-6061 alloy. A damage-free Al surface with surface qualities of Ra 59 nm is obtained after processing by CMMRF for 1 h. The rate of material removal was steadily increased to 0.379 mg/min by these magnetic abrasives. Comparing the composite magnetic abrasives' results to those with simply mixed abrasives, there is a significant improvement of 34 % in Ra value and 50 % in MRR.

3D nanofiber framework based on polyacrylonitrile and siloxane-modified Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 reinforced poly (ethylene oxide)-based composite solid electrolyte for lithium batteries

The application of solid-state electrolyte in lithium metal batteries is a promising technology to meet the demands for next-generation high-energy-density storage systems. Poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based solid polymer electrolytes have been widely studied, but their electrochemical window is too narrow to be compatible with high-voltage cathodes and their mechanical properties are poor as well. Combination of organic and inorganic compounds is an effective approach to solve this limitation. In this study, Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) was surface-modified with a silane coupling agent and compounded with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) to form a 3D nanofiber framework via electrospinning technology, and the PEO-Succinonitrile (SN)-LiTFSI solution was uniformly dispersed in the 3D nanofiber framework to form a continuous Li+ transport path. The prepared composite solid electrolytes (CSEs) showed high ionic conductivity (1.58 × 10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature), a broad electrochemical window (5.1 V, vs. Li/Li+), and an attractive mechanical strength of 49.4 MPa. In addition, solid-state Li/CSE/NCM811 batteries exhibited high coulombic efficiency and significant stable cycling performance.

Physical and mechanical behavior of aluminum-magnesium alloy matrix hybrid composite fabricated through friction stir consolidation process

Nowadays metal matrix composite materials are preferable in automotive and aerospace industries due to their mechanical properties and essentially attractive strength to weight ratios. However, their availability in use is limited because of their manufacturing method difficulty and process extravagancy. The aim of this research was to fabricate metal matrix hybrid composite through a novel approach thermo-mechanical method called friction stir consolidation (FSC) process. XRD result witnessed the presence of SiC, ZrO2, and AZ61 alloy phases. Different compositions of AZ61, SiC, and ZrO2 powder were taken into consideration and the progression of the FSC process were examined through properties of compressive strength, hardness, density, and porosity. For instance, the compressive yield strength of composition 85%Vol. of AZ61, 10%Vol. of ZrO2, and 5%Vol. of SiC accounts 164.2 MPa with an acceptable 2.2451 g/cm3 and 0.593% density and porosity respectively. However, when the strength to weight ratio was taken into consideration, 95%Vol. of AZ61, 2.5%Vol. of ZrO2, and 2.5%Vol. of SiC composition attained highest strength to weight ratio value. Additionally, the compressive yield strength value increased directly proportional with the ZrO2 volumetric composition. Likewise, the fractured surface of sample acquired highest strength to weight ratio was examined through SEM Fractography analysis.

Effect of thermal ageing on microstructure, mechanical properties, and fracture behaviour of 50 % cold rolled duplex stainless steel (alloy 2507)

AbstractThe paper deals with cold rolling and ageing on microstructure and mechanical properties of 2507 duplex stainless steel. Microstructure depicts acicular/Widmanstätten austenite and δ‐ferrite with dissimilar volume fraction (∼0.55 for ferrite and ∼0.45 for austenite). Cold rolling and ageing at 950 °C, 1000 °C and 1050 °C result in equiaxed austenite for samples solution treated at 1040 °C and elongated at 1300 °C. By lowering ageing temperature from 1050 °C to 950 °C, structure becomes finer from ∼20 μm to &lt;10 μm grain size. The sigma (σ) phase appears after ageing at 950 °C. Micro‐hardness reveals maximum hardness for the hot rolled, solutionized (1040 °C) water quenched, and cold rolled (50 %) sample (380 HVδF 100 and 430 HVγ 100), whereas the tensile results reveal the hot rolled, solution treated (1300 °C, 1040 °C), cold rolled and aged at 950 °C samples show higher strength (yield strength=625 MPa, 567 MPa and ultimate tensile strength=892 MPa, 826 MPa) and lower ductility (23 %, 32 %) due to the σ‐phase. The solution treated (1040 °C), cold rolled, aged at 1050 °C sample exhibits attractive strength and ductility combination (∼30 GPa %). Fractography supports the tensile results.

Phase Equilibria, Thermodynamics and Solidified Microstructure in the Copper–Zirconium–Yttrium System

A copper alloy with the addition of zirconium and yttrium is an attractive high strength and high conductivity (HSHC) copper alloy. The study of the solidified microstructure, thermodynamics and phase equilibria in the ternary Cu-Zr-Y system is expected to provide new insight into designing an HSHC copper alloy. In this work, the solidified and equilibrium microstructure and phase transition temperatures in the Cu-Zr-Y ternary system were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The isothermal section at 973 K was experimentally constructed. No ternary compound was found, while the Cu6Y, Cu4Y, Cu7Y2, Cu5Zr, Cu51Zr14 and CuZr phases substantially extended into the ternary system. According to the experimental phase diagram data from the present work and the literature, the Cu-Zr-Y ternary system was assessed using the CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse diagrams) method. The isothermal sections, vertical section and liquidus projection calculated by the present thermodynamic description agree well with the experimental results. This study not only establishes a thermodynamic description of the Cu-Zr-Y system, but also contributes to the design of a copper alloy with the required microstructure.

MXene-Decorated Smart Textiles with the Desired Mid-Infrared Emissivity for Passive Personal Thermal Management.

Multifunctional and long-term stable wearable heating systems have attracted extensive attention from experts, yet smart textiles that only rely on harvesting the body's heat without additional energy still face huge challenges in practical applications. Herein, we rationally prepared the monolayer MXene Ti3C2Tx nanosheets via an in situ hydrofluoric acid generation method, which was further employed to construct a wearable heating system of MXene @ polyester polyurethane blend fabrics (MP textile) for the passive personal thermal management through a simple spraying process. Owing to the unique two-dimensional (2D) structure, the MP textile presents the desired mid-infrared emissivity, which could efficiently suppress the thermal radiation loss from the human body. Notably, the MP textile with an MXene concentration of 28 mg/mL exhibits a low mid-infrared emissivity of 19.53% at 7-14 μm. Significantly, these prepared MP textiles demonstrate an enhanced temperature of more than 6.83 °C compared with those of favorably traditional fabrics, involving the black polyester fabric, pristine polyester polyurethane blend fabric (PU/PET), and cotton, suggesting a charming indoor passive radiative heating performance. The temperature of real human skin covered by MP textile is 2.68 °C higher than that covered by cotton fabric. Impressively, these prepared MP textiles simultaneously possess attractive breathability, moisture permeability, mechanical strength, and washability, which provide new insight into human body temperature regulation and physical health.

Mesophase pitch derived carbon foams with high compressive strengths and thermal conductivities as cobalt support

Mesophase pitch-based carbon foams are important materials used to store energy and to control heat because of their attractive compressive strength and thermal conductivity properties. Herein, we present work on the improved compressive strength and thermal conductivity of carbon foams using mesophase pitch as the raw material. The FT-IR, TGA, XRD, BET, Raman spectroscopy, Anton Paar 5000 and SEM-EDS were used to provide the insights into the chemical and structural properties of the foams. The TGA has shown that the synthesized carbon foams are stable at high temperatures of 550 °C. The increase in temperature and pressure increases thermal conductivities and compressive strengths from (38–50 W/mK, 3.92–5.01 MPa) and (28–40 W/mK, 1.93–5.51 MPa) respectively. The opposite trend was observed for variation of pressure release time, as pressure release time increases, thermal conductivities and compressive strength decrease from 35 to 25 W/mK, 4.86–1.79 MPa. The H2-TPR has shown that cobalt is reducible on carbon foam which means its application can be extended to other fields. The ICP-OES and AAS confirmed that cobalt was loaded on carbon foam with 14.8 % and 14.5 % respectively. Carbon foams surface area needs to be tuned for further application in catalysis by applying heat treatments to open pores and increase surface area.