Attractive Color Research Articles

Metabolomic and sensomic approach to characterize key aroma of aromatic mangoes from Indonesia

Abstract. Belgis M, Witono Y, Giyarto, Sadek NF, Masruroh EL, Herlina. 2023. Metabolomic and sensomic approach to characterize key aroma of aromatic mangoes from Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 2242-2250. Garifta Merah, Garifta Orange, and Agri Gardina 45 are new mango cultivars with a strong aroma and attractive color from Indonesia. This study investigated aromatic constituents and sensory profiles using a combination of metabolomic and sensomic approaches of Garifta Merah, garifta Orange, and Gardina 45. Volatile compounds were extracted using Head Space-Solid Phase Microextraction (HS-SPME), then identified using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Sensory descriptive Rate All That Apply (RATA) and hedonic tests were used for sensory attributes profiling and aroma-liking evaluation. Monoterpene hydrocarbons were the predominant volatile compound in all cultivars; however, it was also accompanied by esters in Garifta Orange and Agri Gardina 45. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) classified those cultivars into different groups. Garifta Merah was characterized by higher ?-pinene, while Garifta Orange was characterized by high ethyl butanoate. Agri Gardina was in the separate group characterized by ?-trans ocimene, ethyl butanoate, and isopentyl butanoate. The identified compounds in all cultivars had Odor Active Value (OAV)>1 and correlated to their sensory profile described by assessors. Garifta Orange was perceived to have the highest overall aroma liking among all cultivars. It was presumably due to the high ethyl butanoate content related to the pineapple, mango, fruity, and fermented attributes.

Homolog of Pea SGR Controls Stay-Green in Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.).

Faba bean is an important legume crop consumed as a vegetable or snack food, and its green cotyledons could present an attractive color for consumers. A mutation in SGR causes stay-green in plants. In this study, vfsgr was identified from a green-cotyledon-mutant faba bean, SNB7, by homologous blast between the SGR of pea and the transcriptome of faba bean. Sequence analysis revealed that a SNP at position 513 of the CDS of VfSGR caused a pre-stop codon, resulting in a shorter protein in the green-cotyledon faba bean SNB7. A dCaps marker was developed according to the SNP that caused the pre-stop, and this marker was completely associated with the color of the cotyledon of faba bean. SNB7 stayed green during dark treatment, while the expression level of VfSGR increased during dark-induced senescence in the yellow-cotyledon faba bean HST. Transient expression of VfSGR in Nicotiana. benthamiana leaves resulted in chlorophyll degradation. These results indicate that vfsgr is the gene responsible for the stay-green of faba bean, and the dCaps marker developed in this study provides a molecular tool for the breeding of green-cotyledon faba beans.

Diverse Levels of Amaranthus dubiusleaves on Growth and Carotenoid Improvements in Fresh Water Ornamental Fish Peacock Cichlid (Aulonocara hansbaenschi)

Attractive coloration and growth of ornamental fishes are important quality criteria in the aquarium fish industry. Colour-producing carotenoids cannot be synthesized by ornamental fish, so they must rely on dietary carotenoids in natural or synthetic forms to achieve their color pigmentations. The aim of this review is to compileand summarize recent investigations into different carotenoid sources used in ornamental fish feed formulations and to highlight the research gaps and investigation needs in the field of aquaculture. An attempt has been made to evaluate the effects of diets containing 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10% Amaranthus dub the growth and carotenoid changes in peacock cichlid (Aulnocara hansbaenschi).This isonitrous (40% protein) diet supplemented with Amaranthus dubius leaves diet was prepared and offered ad libitum to the experimental fish in 5% body weight for 45 days. The results indicated that in the skin and muscle tissue of experimental fish, the growth and carotenoid contents were found to vary between control diets and also during the time intervals of experimental period. The results indicated that incorporation of 10% diet A. dubiusleaves in the diet was found to enhance the growth and coloration of peacock cichlid’s (Aulnocara hansbaenschi). This is considered the optimum dietary level to enhance feed intake growth and coloration.

Gemology, Mineralogy, and Spectroscopy of Gem-Quality Diopside from Pakistan and Russia: New Insights for the Chromogenic Mechanism and Possible Origin

Green diopside is currently popular in the jewelry market due to its attractive color and excellent transparency. Gem-quality diopsides are mainly sourced from Pakistan, Italy, Russia, and other places. The color, geographic origin, and formation mechanism are the main factors affecting the value of gemstones, which can be determined by examining their gemology and composition characteristics. This study systematically characterizes the standard gemology of green diopsides from Pakistan and Russia and compares them with the blue diopsides produced within the skarn process and the diopsides from the nearby region in Russia from previous studies by gemological microscopy, spectral testing (infrared, Raman and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy), and chemical analyses (electron probe and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry). The results show that the spectral characteristics and phase composition of the green diopside samples from Pakistan and Russia have excellent uniformity and similarity. The high Cr, Fe, V, and Ni contents are the reasons why they appear as green. Meanwhile, the elemental characteristics of the diopside are effective tools for distinguishing different origins of different diopsides. The Russian green diopsides have higher contents of Sr, Sc, Zr, and rare earth elements (REE), indicating that they are related to alkaline ultrabasic rocks, and the source of the diopside sample from Pakistan is metamorphic rock.

Inovasi Lip Balm Berbasis Madu: Pembuatan, Karakterisasi, dan Potensi Aplikasi

Lip balm is a lip care product to maintain the moisture and health of the lips. Innovations in the cosmetic industry are currently leading to the use of natural ingredients. Honey as a natural ingredient has the potential to be the main ingredient in lip balm. The idea of this research is to produce an innovative honey-based lip balm through the proper manufacturing method, physical and chemical characteristics, and evaluation of its application potential. The method of making lip balm involves honey extraction, formulation with additional ingredients such as vegetable oils, and beeswax, and the use of natural preservatives. At the characterization stage, the resulting lip balm is analyzed to determine its physical properties such as texture, color, and moisture. Chemical analysis was also carried out to evaluate the nutritional content and active compounds in honey-based lip balms. The results of the article review show that honey-based lip balm has a soft texture, and attractive color, and is able to keep the lips moist for quite a long time. Chemical analysis revealed that this honey lip balm contains active compounds such as antioxidants and enzymes which are useful in treating and protecting lips from damage as a result of environmental effects. The potential application of this honey-based lip balm innovation functions as a moisturizer and care for dry lips, protection from the sun, and relieves irritation and inflammation of the lips.

Book Design as Tegel Information Media and Its History in Indonesia

Many historic buildings have existed for a long time and still survive today. Strength and building materials and good maintenance are the keys to a strong historic building. One of the building materials that is often applied to historic buildings and has strong durability is tile or tegel. Tegel is a kind of tile made of cement and sand. Tegel have unique and distinctive characters, namely very attractive motifs and colors. However, along with the times and technology, tiles made manually have been eroded by the need for raw materials that can be produced quickly, such as ceramics. Indonesian people's awareness of documentation is still low, especially regarding information on tile construction. In fact, it is very useful as information and reference for the next generation. So we need a way to inform tegel and their history in Indonesia. This study uses qualitative methods with sources from books, journals and articles as well as research to the public by distributing questionnaires. The designed information media is a book about tile information and its history in Indonesia. The book contains text supported by images and packaged in a classic style. The expected impact is that the younger generation who have an interest in the field of architecture and interiors, especially interest in tegel, can have in-depth knowledge and references.

Design of Automatic Pond Water Quality Control in Koi Fish Farm

Koi fish is a type of freshwater ornamental fish that has high economic value. Koi fish have attractive body colors and ideal body shapes so they have good sales prospects. However, koi fish farming has several obstacles, one of which is the low recovery rate and the relatively slow growth of fish. Water quality is the main parameter in the success of a fishing effort. Therefore, this study designed a tool that can help koi fish farmers in unifying the quality of pond water so that koi fish can grow and develop properly. This monitoring system is designed by implementing an automatic control monitoring system to produce good water quality for koi fish farming. Data obtained from water quality monitoring are parameters of pH, ammonia, and water temperature. The results of this cultivator's research can monitor the quality of fish pond water and immediately get water quality control automatically.

Anthocyanins: Modified New Technologies and Challenges.

Anthocyanins are bioactive compounds belonging to the flavonoid class which are commonly applied in foods due to their attractive color and health-promoting benefits. However, the instability of anthocyanins leads to their easy degradation, reduction in bioactivity, and color fading in food processing, which limits their application and causes economic losses. Therefore, the objective of this review is to provide a systematic evaluation of the published research on modified methods of anthocyanin use. Modification technology of anthocyanins mainly includes chemical modification (chemical acylation, enzymatic acylation, and formation of pyran anthocyanidin), co-pigmentation, and physical modification (microencapsulation and preparation of pickering emulsion). Modification technology of anthocyanins can not only increase bioavailability and stability of anthocyanin but also can improve effects of anthocyanin on disease prevention and treatment. We also propose potential challenges and perspectives for diversification of anthocyanin-rich products for food application. Overall, integrated strategies are warranted for improving anthocyanin stabilization and promoting their further application in the food industry, medicine, and other fields.

Development of Reading and Writing Competence for Indonesian Language Subjects Using Flash Card Media in Class VIII SMP Negeri 1Pulau Rakyat Academic Year 2022-2023

This research is motivated by the ability to read and write to be something that is very difficult for students of class VIII SMP Negeri 1 Pulau Rakyat. One of the learning media that is full of games that lead to student activity that can be done by Indonesian teachers is the use of flashcard media. Flashcard media can be in the form of picture cards under which there are writings that are designed in attractive colors so that this will please the child, so the child will be motivated to learn. These problems are discussed through classroom action research which is carried out through 2 cycles with each cycle the stages are planning, action, observation and reflection. Research data obtained through observation in class and tests. The results showed that there was an increase in the reading and writing ability of class VIII students of SMP Negeri 1 Pulau Rakyat using flash card media, it was seen that students' reading abilities increased each cycle, namely in the pre-cycle there were 8 students or 42%, there was an increase in the first cycle, namely 12 students or 63 % and at the end of the second cycle, 17 students or 89% completed. Likewise, students' writing skills have increased in each cycle where in the pre-cycle the completeness reached 9 students or 47% an increase in the first cycle there were 13 students or 69%, and in the second cycle there was an increase of 17 students or 90%. This result has exceeded the set indicator, which is 80%. Likewise, student activity increased where in the first cycle there were 10 students or 52% and after improvements were made in the second cycle, 16 students or 86% were achieved. These results have reached the specified indicators.

Unfolding the potential of dragon fruit (Hylocereus spp.) for value addition: A review

AbstractDragon fruit (DF) or Pitaya (Hylocereus spp.) a member of Cactaceae family is gaining popularity in the market for consumption of fresh fruit due to its highly attractive fruit color with nutritional and immense bioactive potential that reduces blood sugar level, cholesterol, prevention of liver injuries, cancer, and so forth. In commercial market valorized products of DFs are available. The processing of edible and nonedible parts of DF is of immense significance to prepare nutritionally rich value‐added products and concurrently reducing the challenges occurring due to waste generation and spoilage. This review paper provides detailed insights of DF processing into different value‐added products, its medicinal benefits, bioactive potential, and the physico‐chemical changes occurring in DF during processing such as drying, fermentation, extraction, and so forth.

Infiniti Cergas Sihat (Inces) as an Innovation in Teaching and Learning for Special Education Students

Innovation in teaching and learning (TL) aims to improve the effectiveness of the delivery of knowledge. The impact of effective innovation is a teaching method that looks more interesting with higher acceptance among students. Infiniti Cergas Sihat (InCeS) is a teaching aid that contributes to the development of current TL innovation. Attractive color design and interactive method of playing make this innovation easy for students to accept. This study aims to see the effectiveness of InCeS on TL for students and the focus of this study is on special needs students. A total of 40 special needs students from a school in Pulau Pinang have participated in the program involving the InCeS application in TL. Results from the questionnaire given to the teachers involved during the activities show that the students showed interest in the activities that used InCeS. The teacher's participation in the activity also contributes to the interaction in learning for the special needs students.

Pelatihan Penanganan Telur Itik Asin Dengan Metode Pengasapan Di Desa Tonrong Kecamatan Baranti Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang

Tonrong Village is one of the villages in the Baranti District,Sidenreng Rappang Regency, South Sulawesi Province. There are several duck/duck breeders and business groups of boiled salted eggs which are produced traditionally with not too large a production amount, due to limited marketing caused by the many similar industries, both in the same village and sub-district, even in almost every sub-district there are also people who production of boiled salted eggs. Inspired by the smoked salted eggs of Brebes, the team took the initiative to make a smoking furnace/tool ​​to produce Tonrong smoked salted eggs, through Community Service activities. The smoking process can be done on salted eggs that have been boiled or steamed, of course with different results. The smoking process is carried out in the following settings: steamed salted eggs, processed for 30 minutes of steaming at a temperature between 70-75oC for maximum results. The result is for steamed eggs, perfectly cooked eggs, especially seen from the appearance of the egg yolks, but contain water so it is a bit soft while for eggs treated with smoking, salted eggs have an attractive color, a distinctive smell and very little water content so that the shelf life is more durable. compared to salted eggs that are steamed or boiled.

Development and Physico-chemical Evaluation of an Isotonic Nas Narang (Citrus madurensis) Sports Drink

Isotonic drinks are the type of sports drink with a similar number of osmotically active particles as present in the body plasma (i.e. osmolality; 275-295 mOsmole/kg) and help for replenishing the loss of electrolytes and sugar after physical workout. The present study describes the potential of utilization of Nas Narang (Citrus madurensis) fruit juice in the development of Isotonic Nas Narang Sports Drink (INNSD) and investigation of the physico-chemical parameters. INNSD was developed using varying content of fresh juice of Nas Narang 5%, 6.5%, and 7.5% v/v with other recommended food grade ingredients. The 7.5% of fresh Nas Narang juice was selected as the best fruit content based on the highest overall acceptability in sensorial evaluation using a trained sensory panel. The total osmolality of developed isotonic Nas Narang sports drink was 282.95 mOsmol/l. The physical properties of Total Soluble Solids content (TSS), Titratable Acidity (TA), and pH of the INNSD were 9.00±0.00%, 0.53±0.01%, and 2.45±0.01 respectively. The proximate composition of Nas Narang fruit juice and developed sports drink were total ash (0.47±0.11%; 0.42±0.17%), protein (0.47±0.01%; 0.05±0.00%), crude fibre (0.53±0.01%; 0.09±0.01%), total carbohydrate content (6.97±0.27%; 7.31±0.31%) and caloric value (29.44 Kcal /per 100 ml of sports drink) respectively. The vitamin contents of INNSD were ascorbic acid (0.3 mg/100 ml), vitamin B2 (0.135 mg/100 ml), vitamin B5 (0.15mg/100ml) and vitamin B6 (0.145 mg/100 ml). Further, anti-oxidant potential of Total Polyphenolic Content (TPC) and Total Flavonoids Content (TFC) of fresh Nas Narang fruit juice and developed INNSD were (0.224±0.02 mg GAE/ml; 0.029±0.00 mg GAE/ml) and (0.139±0.01 mg QE/ml; 0.011±0.00 mg QE/ml) respectively.
 Nas narang fruit is available throughout the year as an adequate source of raw material for industry. It provides natural citrus flavor, attractive yellow colour, appealing taste, minerals and antioxidants to the product and further act as a natural preservative. Present study showed incorporation of Nas Narang juice in formulation of sport drink is technically sound and acceptable.

IMPACT OF PACKAGING ON CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOUR

Packaging of a product has many functions including containment, protection, convenience and communication. Product packaging servers to consolidate of unit loadsof shipping, to protect the product inside during the period of shipping, to convey necessary information. Other than these functions packaging is also used in marketing activities. The labels on the product can be used to encourage potential buyers to purchase the product. Companies use attractive colors, logos, symbols and captions to promote that can influence purchase decision. According to Rundh (2005) package attracts consumer’s attention to brand, enhances itsimage, and influences consumer’s perceptions about product. Also, package imparts unique value to products. In this competitive environment packaging has become an effective tool to capture theconsumers purchase intention. Packaging perform the important role for attracting thecustomers. We can see the buying intentions of children. The design of the wrapper attracts the children, so organisations’ design the wrapper in such a way that it is attractive to their eye.

Mengintegrasikan Eco Print dan Eco Enzim: Produk Ramah Lingkungan Multi Fungsi di Kampung Delik Sari, Semarang

The textile and agriculture industries are sectors that have a large impact on the environment. Chemicals used in the printing and dyeing processes of cloth and in fertilization can contaminate water and soil, and affect human health. Therefore, the emergence of eco print technology and eco enzymes is an attractive alternative to reduce this negative impact. This community service aims to study the potential use of eco print and eco enzymes in producing multi-functional environmentally friendly products in Delik Sari Village, Semarang. The research method used is training by presenting resource persons in accordance with the fields: eco print and eco enzymes Meanwhile, making eco prints aims to increase better product results and more diverse product diversification. Eco-enzymes produced by bacteria and fungi are used as basic ingredients for making environmentally friendly soaps and household cleaners. The results of community service show that the use of eco print and eco enzyme technology can produce quality fabric products with attractive and durable colors. In addition, the waste products from the eco print and eco enzyme processes can be used as organic fertilizer which is useful for agriculture in Delik Sari Village. Thus, eco print and eco enzyme technologies have great potential to produce multi-functional environmentally friendly products that can improve the welfare of the people of Kampung Delik Sari, Gunung Pati sub-district, Semarang City.

Red-TE Homozygous Alleles of MdMYB10 Confer Full-Red Apple Fruit Skin in a High-Temperature Region

Apple is a major fruit crop grown worldwide and provides humans with an essential diet and health benefits. One of the health benefits is related to the accumulation of fruit anthocyanin, which also provides fruit with an attractive red colour. It is known that an MdMYB10 allele containing a transposable element (TE) insertion in its promoter (termed Red-TE allele) underlies anthocyanin accumulation and red colouration in the fruit skin of cultivated apples. However, the distribution of this Red-TE allele in wider Malus germplasm accessions is not clear. In this study, we showed that MdMYB10 RNA in fruit skin was specifically expressed from the Red-TE allele by using allele-specific expression analysis of transcriptome data. Apple cultivars and hybrids with homozygous Red-TE alleles showed stronger red colour than those with heterozygous alleles after analysing 65 cultivars and 337 hybrids. Furthermore, both hetero- and homozygous plants growing in the same high-temperature conditions had different colourations. However, the Red-TE allele was not detected in 16 wild apple accessions showing red skin, indicating that the red skin colour of these wild apples was not conferred by the Red-TE allele. These findings provide guidance for selecting cultivars able to develop consistent red colouration under high growth temperature conditions and open the opportunity for identifying novel genetic variants underpinning fruit red colouration in wild apple species.

Novel formulated Chitosan copper complex as a green color protection agent of Moso bamboo and its reaction characteristics on bamboo epidermis

Moso bamboo culms have become preferred over other lignocellulosic materials for application in the timber industry, notably due to their excellent mechanical properties, rapid growth cycle and renewability. Moreover, its beautiful green culm contributes an added aesthetic value that attracts most users. However, this green color rapidly fades into a dull light brown color and loses its glossiness, making it unappealing to the eyes, thereby reducing its economic value and service life. In this study, a novel formulated chitosan copper complex (CCC) was evaluated for its ability to provide green color protection to the bamboo epidermis. The parameters of concentration, chitosan (CTS) to copper salt ratio (CuCl2), temperature, and time were investigated to determine the optimal conditions for retaining green color. Furthermore, the surface properties of CCC treated samples were examined to analyze the mechanism of attachment. An attractive green color (L*= 54.89, a*= −8.07 and b*= 21.41) was obtained when the bamboo culms were treated with a 6% CCC solution at 80 °C for 2 h, using a 1:3 CTS/ CuCl2 ratio in aqueous solution. The morphological analysis through SEM showed formation of a rough material layer over the treated bamboo epidermis and blocked stomata. FTIR and XPS revealed that chitosan not only reacted with copper to form a chitosan copper complex but also cling closely with bamboo epidermal composition via hydrogen bond. Moreover, reactions between copper ions and chlorophyll may have occurred due to the increase in relative copper content and a corresponding decrease in magnesium content, as shown by XPS and chlorophyll analysis. Therefore CCC, an environmental-friendly formulation, could provide green color protection for Moso bamboo culms.

Generating colorful carrot germplasm through metabolic engineering of betalains pigments.

Betalains are tyrosine-derived plant pigments exclusively found in the Caryophyllales order and some higher fungi and generally classified into two groups: red-violet betacyanins and yellow-orange betaxanthins. Betalains attract great scientific and economic interest because of their relatively simple biosynthesis pathway, attractive colors and health-promoting properties. Co-expressing two core genes BvCYP76AD1 and BvDODA1 with or without a glycosyltransferase gene MjcDOPA5GT allowed the engineering of carrot (an important taproot vegetable) to produce a palette of unique colors. The highest total betalains content, 943.2μg·g-1 DW, was obtained in carrot taproot transformed with p35S:RUBY which produces all of the necessary enzymes for betalains synthesis. Root-specific production of betalains slightly relieved tyrosine consumption revealing the possible bottleneck in betalains production. Furthermore, a unique volcano-like phenotype in carrot taproot cross-section was created by vascular cambium-specific production of betalains. The betalains-fortified carrot in this study is thus anticipated to be used as functional vegetable and colorful carrot germplasm in breeding to promote health.

Pemanfaatan Ekstrak Kulit Buah Naga Merah sebagai Pewarna Alami Minuman Probiotik Sari Buah Sirsak

Background Soursop is one type of fruit with high productivity, but its utilization is relatively less than other fruits. This imbalance causes many soursop fruits to be damaged, so it needs to be processed into functional food in the form of probiotic drinks. Making soursop fruit juice probiotic drink utilizes Lactobacillus plantarum 1 RN2-53 as a starter, but the resulting product has an unattractive color. The addition of red dragon fruit peel extract is expected to provide an attractive color and increase the nutritional value and benefits of probiotic drinks.
 Research purposes The study aimed to obtain the best red dragon fruit peel-extract concentration as a natural dye for soursop probiotic drinks.
 Method: The sample used was a soursop probiotic drink with the addition of red dragon fruit peel extract using five different concentration levels, namely 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%. The Hunter color system method used a colorimeter to conduct the color test.
 Results and Discussion: Red dragon fruit peel extract with 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% significantly affected the microbiological, Physico-chemical, and sensory characteristics of the soursop probiotic drink. Anthocyanin dyes in red dragon fruit peel increase a* value in the color test, the percentage of total titrated acid and total LAB, and decrease the pH value, b* value, and L* value in the color test.
 Conclusion: The N5 treatment with the addition of 25% (b/b) concentration of red dragon fruit peel extract resulted in a pH value of 3.88, total acid titrated 0.71%, total LAB 9.22 log CFU/ml, color test value L* 24 ,19, color test a* 4.09 and color test b* -2.65.

Attractive egg color? Red eggs facilitate egg acceptance in a cavity-nesting host.

Attractive egg color? Red eggs facilitate egg acceptance in a cavity-nesting host.