Attraction Of Private Investments Research Articles

ПРОБЛЕМИ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ ТРАНСПОРТНО-ЛОГІСТИЧНИХ СИСТЕМ УКРАЇНИ

The article examines the essence of transport and logistics systems (TLS) of Ukraine. The factors that determine the development vector of Ukraine's TLS in modern conditions of global instability have been identified. Attention is focused on the need to restore and develop the facilities of Ukraine's TLS, even in the conditions of an active phase of military operations, which is due to the strategic importance of TLS for the uninterrupted supply of goods and defense capabilities of the state, the provision of export-import operations and the development of many sectors of the economy. The main challenges and problems that prevent the effective development of the transport and logistics system of Ukraine have been identified and characterized, namely: the destruction of TLS facilities as a result of active hostilities, the low capacity of the transport and logistics system in the border regions of the European Union with Ukraine, the blockade of sea ports, low efficiency in the development of capital investments, lack of financing, insufficient efficiency of management of TLS facilities and imperfection of legal regulation. The reasons for the low capacity of the transport and logistics system in the border regions of the European Union with Ukraine are indicated – strikes by Polish farmers, incompatibility of tracks, low productivity of distribution centers and insufficient technological capacities. Statistical data on the volume of transported goods for the last two years were analyzed and a positive trend was determined regarding the return of transportation to pre-war volumes. A significant reduction in the amount of funding from the State Budget of directions critical for the development of the transport and logistics system of Ukraine is substantiated by comparing the distribution of expenditures of the State Budget of Ukraine for 2023 and 2024. Prospective directions for the development of TLS are highlighted – modernization of transport and logistics infrastructure taking into account international and European Union standards, attraction of private investments in financing TLS facilities through their privatization, increase in the capacity of export-import transportation at checkpoints with EU countries, development of river transportation through Danube, development of dry ports, which will increase cargo turnover and reduce the burden on sea ports, adaptation of vehicles and infrastructure to the needs of people with disabilities and groups of the population with reduced mobility, etc.

Analysis of the system for supporting investment projects in the sphere of processing and disposal of waste existing in Russia

In modern conditions, the problem of processing and disposal of household and industrial waste, both for the Russian Federation and most countries of the world, extremely aggravated and requires new approaches to its solution. The purpose of the submitted article is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the system of supporting investment projects in the Russian Federation in the field of processing and disposal of waste. The methodology of the analysis was based on the assessment of the effectiveness of the measures taken in terms of the management of production and consumption waste in the Russian Federation, including a comprehensive study and generalization of existing support measures in the field of waste management and disposal, including those provided by the public law company for the formation of an integrated system of solid municipal waste management «Russian Environmental Operator». The authors summarized the dynamics of education, disposal, disposal and disposal of production waste and consumption in the Russian Federation in 2010-2020. Investment tools are systematized, which have the right to use a public-legal company for the formation of a comprehensive system for the treatment of solid communal waste "Russian ecological operator". The analysis carried out in the course of the study showed that the sphere of solid municipal waste management in Russia is characterized by the presence of many shortcomings and high risks of the implementation of the federal project «Integrated System of Solid Municipal Waste Management», as well as a low level of attraction of private investments in the industry due to high risks implementation of investment projects in the studied area. Conclusions and analytical generalizations made according to the results of the study can be applied in practice during the substantiation and introduction of optimal mechanisms for the support of investment projects in the field of processing and disposal of waste, taking into account the developed hikes to their typing and specification.

The Economic Instruments for the Development of the Renewable Energy Sector in the EU and Ukraine

The research reveals the theoretical and practical aspects of the green energy sector. The article compares the level of development of the green energy sector in the European Union and Ukraine. Different indicators, including the share of energy from renewable sources in Ukraine, the interaction between the level of GDP per capita and the share of renewable energy in the EU and Ukraine, and the structure of the renewable energy resources of Ukraine and the EU are taken into account. The article discussed the role of financial and non-financial tools for the development of the green energy sector in the EU countries. The research states that the countries can be divided into three groups, where group A involves countries with a highly developed green energy sector, group B – member-states with progress in the transition to alternative sources of energy, and group C – countries with weak or no progress in the development of renewable energy sector. The research explains the impact of economic prosperity in developed countries on the renewable energy sector. It investigates that there is a very small positive correlation between the independent variable and the dependent variable. In general, it demonstrates that there is no correlation between the economic condition of very developed countries and the level of their green energy efficiency. The article suggests policy-making changes for the stable development of green energy in both the EU and Ukraine. Revision of existing government's medium and long term plans and adapting them to current circumstances, the gradual reduction of subsidies and reform of energy pricing, the regulatory focus on energy efficiency, the attraction of private investments through the use of domestic and donor investments are determined as important actions for stable development of green energy sector.

Государственное стимулирование инвестиционной активности в ресурсном регионе: дальневосточный вариант

The authors studied the actual policies and emerging effects of state incentivizing of investment activity instruments under the ‘new model’ of development for the Far East of Russia. There were shown the specifics of localizing investments in the resource region in shape of preferential regimes of Territories of Advanced Social and Economic Development (TAD or ASEZ Advanced Special Economic Zones) and also extraterritorial preferences as direct subsidies from the federal budget to infrastructure projects of strategically important investment projects and regional investment projects. The effects of these instruments employed in the Far Eastern Federal District in 2014–2020 demonstrate that the package of state measures formed for attracting investments and its separate elements (royalty benefits, the criterion of maximum attraction of private investments for every rouble of budget ones, etc.) have promoted investments mainly in extraction of minerals in the total surveyed range of support instruments. The outcome of these preferences was further growth of resource-based industries in the Far East economy structure (which to a certain extent predetermines the perspective economy structure of the macro region). The analysis of the rate of accumulation (a share of investments in the regional Gross Domestic Product) as a factor of economic growth showed that the majority of Far Eastern regions (except the mono-mineral Sakhalinskaya and Magadanskaya oblasts and the Chukotsky Autonomous Okrug) do not reassert the role of resource-based industries as key drivers for their economic growth which would have justified state incentives for extraction of mineral resources in particular. Certain modifications have been revealed in the very instruments of state incentives under the ‘new model’ of development in the Far East of Russia among which is a blurring of border lines between preferential territories to legitimize incentivizing of mineral companies; a changed (reduced) role of regional authorities in implementation of different instruments; forming ‘multi-layer’ preferences in the interest of mineral companies. It was demonstrated that in the surveyed contour of key actors interacting in the process of implementing different instruments of a ‘new model’ for development of the Far East of Russia (federal and regional administration, businesses) with greater vividness comes to the fore a tendency for shaping key outcomes of preferences in mineral companies

Development Potential of Public and Private Partnership of Southern Russian Regions for Implementing Infrastructural Projects

The necessary condition determining the steady growth and security of economic development is full functioning and development of infrastructure. The article emphasizes that the observed instability of real expenditures of the federal budget and territorial entities of the Russian Federation for infrastructural industries and also their uneven distribution both from the point of view of the economic sector and the region proved the need of searching non-budgetary sources for encouraging the economic development. Public and private partnership is thought to be a fundamental instrument of private investment attraction. The article states the possibilities of participation of private firms in implementing infrastructural projects in combination with the government support when the integral powers and immanent functions of the state remain. The interests of using this instrument for the government lies in the budget expenditure reduction, increase in their efficiency, implementation of obligations of various character, in particular social ones. For private enterprises these interests are presented by governmental guarantees, the distribution of risks, possibility of participation in long-term projects and attraction of debt financing, political support of the state. Despite the dominating role of the government participation in implementing infrastructural projects, the value of public and private partnership from the point of view of financial security increases every year. The mutually agreed policy and coordination of joint efforts for expanding and mobilizing financial resources and implementing and modernizing infrastructural projects using these funds is expected to become a basis for the interaction of the government and private organizations. The article analyzes the available potential of the regions of Southern Russia in the context of creating conditions for developing public and private partnership for implementing infrastructural projects. The information for this research is the systematized data of the PPP Development Center. The author presents the best examples of implementing infrastructural projects with the attraction of private investments. The paper points out the priority infrastructural projects implemented with the use of the public-private partnership mechanism, which is planned for implementing in the region as well. The assessment of the level of public and private partnership development in the regions under analysis confirmed the increasing potential of the investment attraction for implementing infrastructural projects. On the basis of the analysis of the institutional environment development condition and legal basis, the author makes a conclusion on the decrease of the importance of these factors when determining the rating of regions of Southern Russia in the sphere of public and private partnership and an increase of such an indicator as “Experience of implementing projects”.

ESSENCE AND TYPES OF RISKS OF INVESTMENT PROJECTS FROM CONSTRUCTION OF AUTOMOTIVE ROADS

The essence of the risk of investment projects of the construction of automobile works is determined. The main features of investment projects for the construction of highways are generalized, in particular: project product, a large number of investors, risks of sources of funding, a high level of government regulation, a significant dependence of the project on the time of work and weather conditions, strategic restrictions. The flaws of public-private partnership in road maintenance infrastructure projects, which are related to risks, such as market and financial, political and social, are substantiated. The main types of risks of investment projects of construction of highways and measures to reduce their influence are determined: insurance objects, permanent monitoring of expected changes in legislation, financial responsibility of the project organization for making errors and miscalculations in the project-budget documentation, customer control of the schedule for the construction work, funding according to the schedule of work and monthly plan allocations. The most influential risks for investment projects of road construction under the condition of public-private partnership are: the risk of unreliability of project participants, the risk of not receiving the project revenue, the country's risk. The potential corruption risks in the field of procurement of works and services for construction, repair and maintenance of highways are determined. Are offered directions of leveling of factors of corruption risks in sphere of realization of investment projects of road economy. The ways to reduce risks and increase the attractiveness of road construction projects based on the principles of public-private partnership are substantiated: identification of priority projects for the priority attraction of private investments; simplification of procedures for registration of rights to use land plots for construction of roads; development of a mechanism for funding PPP projects and guaranteeing a minimum income to a private partner from the state; solving discussion issues and approving the principles of functioning of toll roads.

ВДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ВПЛИВУ ДЕРЖАВИ НА ФІНАНСОВО-КРЕДИТНЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ РОЗВИТКУ РИНКУ ЗЕРНА УКРАЇНИ

Дослідження присвячено обґрунтуванню заходів щодо вдосконалення державної фінансової політики й ухвалення адміністративних рішень, спрямованих на покращення фінансово-кредитного забезпечення розвитку ринку зерна.Здійснення модернізації інфраструктури ринку зерна потребує великих фінансових ресурсів. Їхню мобілізацію в сучасних умовах може реалізувати лише держава, котра здатна залучити всі важелі впливу державного управління. Наукові результати проведеного дослідження дали змогу обґрунтувати адекватні сучасним умовам відповідні заходи щодо вдосконалення фінансової політики й ухвалення адміністративних рішень, спрямованих на покращення фінансово-кредитного забезпечення розвитку ринку зерна і стимулювання соціально-економічного розвитку країни в цілому. Пропозиції рекомендовані до здійснення грошово-кредитної, бюджетної, податкової, інвестиційної, страхової політики та орієнтовані на утворення інститутів розвитку в рамках реалізації програмно-цільового методу і характеризуються раціональним поєднанням заходів державного впливу й ринкового саморегулювання.На сьогодні виникає гостра потреба щодо забезпечення агропромислового комплексу достатнім обсягом дешевих кредитних ресурсів. Важливим чинником цього в контексті здійснення грошово-кредитної політики є взаємодія Національного банку України і Уряду під час узгодження застосування інструментів грошово-кредитної політики і, перш за все, процентних ставок, обсягів та цільового призначення рефінансування, операцій на відкритому ринку. Одним із заходів стимулювання кредитної пропозиції для сільгоспвиробника з боку банківської системи передбачалося утворення державного земельного банку. Важливим чинником розвитку ринку зерна у країні могло би стати утворення також державного банку розвитку України, котрий став би внутрішнім кредитним емітентом і фінансовим агентом держави.З огляду на те, що інвестиції на селі мають і соціальну значимість, у галузь потрібні як державні, так і приватні капіталовкладення. Однією зі складових державної інвестиційної політики є сприяння зростанню обсягів приватних інвестицій. Від потоку приватних інвестицій у виробничу, транспортну, складську, переробну інфраструктуру також залежать перспективи розвитку ринку зерна. Стимулювати приплив приватних інвестицій, може державно-приватне партнерство як одна з найбільш розповсюджених серед економічно розвинутих країн система взаємодії держави та бізнесу.Важливим постає питання підвищення ефективності використання фінансових ресурсів, що виділяються державою на підтримку сільгоспвиробників. Для цього потрібно провести вдосконалення певних складових процесу страхування в сільському господарстві України.

Современное правовое регулирование привлечения частных инвестиций в инфраструктуру инновационных научно-технологических центров

Современное правовое регулирование привлечения частных инвестиций в инфраструктуру инновационных научно-технологических центров

Commitment to Control Regulations in the Combat against Corruption in Public Budget: Sudan Case

This paper has focused on the impact of commitment to control regulations in the elimination of corruption, trickery and fraud in the course of the implementing of the public budget that is applicable to some of the government institutions. It has indicated the impact of limiting of corruption , trickery ,fraud and counterfeit on the financial statements and the case problem has been represented by the corruption in some of the government institutions and corporations and what it breeds of problems that pose a hindrance to the objectives of the public budget plan, as a general target. The importance of this paper has sprung from the increase of concern toward control regulations as a vital tool to help combating the current of trickery ,fraud and corruption as it aims to shed light on some of the obstacles those minimize the control process within the authority of the auditor general related to corruption, as well, the papers’ inquiries included :the types of corruption, and how it takes place in government organizations and corporations? What are the effects of corruption on the economic rates such as poverty and the slowdown of the common growth? What is the impact of financial corruption on the deepening of the deficit in the public budget and governmental common revenues? In addition, what is the impact of corruption on attraction of private investments?