Attitudes Of Scholars Research Articles

Digital humanities: Mission accomplished? An analysis of scholarly literature

The field of digital humanities (DH) has evolved throughout the parallel evolution of computers, software and networking techniques, as well as the different attitudes of interested scholars. Since the earliest historical phases of this research field, scholars have been debating whether it can be considered as a new academic discipline and whether it is revolutionary in nature. About 20 years ago, the early denotation of ‘humanities computing’ evolved to the present label of DH, and deep changes occurred in digital information technologies, as well as in their humanities applications. Meanwhile, dedicated academic curricula were launched, thus adding an argument in favor of the debated disciplinarity of DH. This paper gives an account of the relevant scholarly debate, distinguishing between the early period and the most recent years; it then tries to frame this process in a model of scientific revolution.

The Fusion and Collision of Ethnic Cultural Language and Font Graphic Design

Through the market questionnaire survey of Chinese national culture, font graphic design, creative font and other related contents, the survey results show that the strong emotion for our national culture is people's aspiration, and the need for creativity in design has been unanimously recognized; The successful cases of "canned packaging of 56 ethnic groups in Wangzai" and "stamp design of 56 ethnic groups" are analyzed. The results show that it is necessary to inherit national culture and keep pace with the times; At the same time, the relevant literature was collected and studied in detail. Through the different analysis and comparison of the attitudes of scholars and market consumers towards national culture, we tend to draw the conclusion that our national traditional culture is like a gold mine, which is worth mining. The font should be dynamic and meaningful, not pure beautiful but indifferent. Adding the traditional elements of our national culture to the font design is undoubtedly a perfect blend of innovation and inheritance.

Formation of the image of Buddhism in Russia (late XIX – early XX centuries)

The goal of this work is to examine the sources of establishment of the image of Buddhism in the Russian cultural environment, as well as determine the degree of representativeness of this image. The author outlines the three primary sources: 1) academic research works of the Western Schools of Buddhism (based on Pali and Sanskrit material); 2) research carried out within the framework of the Russian School of Buddhology (mainly based on Tibetan and Mongolian material); 3) research of the Russian Orthodox missionaries. It is determined that the key theoretical provision developed in the Anglo-Germanic School of Buddhology is  the thesis on the authenticity of Theravāda Buddhism, which is considered as the "original,” and its other forms such as Mahāyāna and Vajrayāna) are its later modifications that emerged under the influence of external factors. The main features of Buddhism in Western Buddhology include: 1) Buddha Shakyamuni was not a transcendental being; 2) his nirvana is understood nihilistically, as the complete cessation of the process of existence; 3)  Buddhism denies the existence of soul; 4) the existence of God alongside the idea of the transcendental are also denied. Despite the fact that the research based on Mahāyāna and Vajrayāna material demonstrate the failure of such assessments, the aforementioned theses continued to be reproduced. This is explained by the interest of certain significant social groups in such image of Buddhism. Firstly, this view was supported by many Orthodox figures. The interpretation of Buddhism as a philosophical-ethical rather than religious system propelled Buddhism beyond the boundaries of the religious search for people who find foothold in faith. Secondly, similar interpretation entailed the antagonistic attitudes of scholars and scientifically oriented society. Rational aspects of Buddhism that align it with science were uncritically overemphasized. Buddhism was viewed as an ally of the scientific way of thinking, completely alien to faith.

MODERATISME SYAH WALIYULLAH AD-DIHLAWI (Analisis Pemikirannya dalam Kitab Al-Inshaf fi Bayani Asbab al-Ikhtilaf)

The difference of opinion on the issue of fiqh has occurred since generations of companions, tabi'in and priests of madhhab. The differences that occur in each generation have different causes. One of the conflicts that occurred between Muslims was triggered by differences of opinion on issues of Islamic law. This conflict intensified after the fourth century Hijriyah. In order for conflicts to be minimized, a moderate attitude of Muslims is needed by knowing the causes of these differences and the attitudes of previous scholars in dealing with them. The type of this research is library research, using descriptive methods and qualitative approaches. As for revealing information used content analysis techniques (content analysis). This study reveals the moderateism of Syah Waliyullah ad-Dihlawi which is shown through his work entitled al-Inshaf fi Bayan Asbab al-Iktilaf. Ad-Dihlawi mapped the causes of differences of opinion and presented them objectively. Ad-Dihlawi also revealed a history of the attitude of friends, tabi'in and priests of madhhab in dealing with differences of opinion. According to him, in dealing with differences, it is necessary to imitate the attitude exemplified by companions, tabi'in and priests of madhhab

An immodest proposal – going “All in” on replication research in information systems

ABSTRACT Genuine theory testing, also under the term “replication research”, is rarely found in Information Systems (IS) research. Based on a replication’s results, our understanding or representation of the original theory is updated. This function of replication is integral to a scientific discipline to accumulate confidence in the explanatory power of a theory and to weed out theories that did not withstand scrutiny. However, many new theories are only tested once in the original study, while subsequent studies reference it without explicitly questioning the original theory. Against this background, we examine three aspects of the current state of replication studies in IS: (1) how many explicit replication studies in key IS research outlets have been published; (2) the attitudes of senior scholars, mostly prestigious IS journals’ editors, towards publishing replication research in their journals; and (3) a new policy proposal towards replication research broadly across all journals. We propose that all journals should take responsibility for publishing replications of theory or empirical results that have formerly been presented in that journal.

Translating Romans 5:12 in the early 16th century. Franciscus Titelmans’s polemic against humanists

Translating the Bible has never been an easy task, least of all at the times of theological controversy. A New Latin translation by Erasmus of Rotterdam, executed on the eve of the Reformation, met much criticism on philological and theological level. Franciscus Titelmans, a young, Franciscan scholar from Leuven, addressed in his Collationes quinque numerous issued regarding the translation of the Epistle to the Romans. This article focuses on Romans 5:12. Titelmans claimed that Erasmus’s translation of this verse threatened the dogma of original sin and promoted the resurgence of Pelagianism. The article analyses his arguments showing that although he was not entirely alien to philology, he relied more on the Church Fathers and the authority of the Church in his translation. Philological and logical arguments served only as auxiliary proofs for the meaning that had been established by patristic commentaries. Consequently, this debate mirrors diverse attitudes of both scholars. The Humanist opted for sound philology, even if it resulted in questionable theological statements, the Franciscan for sound theology, even if it led to imperfect philological choices. Although specific arguments of this debate are outdated and hardly relevant to modern-day biblical studies, divergent attitudes of its protagonists are well reflected in current debates, making it worth

A STUDY OF FATAWAS (RELIGIOUS DECREES) REGARDING TEACHING AND LEARNING ENGLISH LANGUAGE

The present study discusses Muslim religious scholars' attitudes in the sub-continent when it was under British rulers' influence.The study focuses on the causes of religious scholars' indifference and their hostile attitudes towards the English language in the pre-partition era. The data has been collected from various fatawa books written by Muslim religious scholars during the pre-partition period. Researchersanalyse the fatawas (religious decrees) under the paradigm of Islam and English language and attitudes of religious scholars in the pre-partition era.The fatawashas been examined through a content analysis of the text. The study's findings reveal that Muslim religious scholars wereagainst English language learning and teaching to such an extent that they issued Fatawas declaring that learning and teaching English was illegitimate (Najaiz) because they believed that Christian missionaries were against Muslims and Islam. Thefindingsfurther suggest that future English language curriculum planning should considersociety's cultural and religious requirements so that everyone in the community can learn English according to their needs. The study also highlightsculturalharmonyfrom the perspectiveofEnglish languagelearning.

Australia and the Global South: Knowledge and the Ambiguities of Place and Identity

AbstractAustralia was settled as a colony of Britain from the 17th century, and its early history of violent occupation has gradually given way to a relatively peaceful, wealthy, multicultural society. As a post‐colonial country, its people share characteristics with those of Britain, but, as a multicultural society, national identity is increasingly influenced by the cultures of many countries, from both the global North and South. In this paper, the question of Australia's placement as a country of the global North or South is explored. Considerations of geography, the economy, political regimes and national identity are the backdrop to an investigation of Australian scholarship and the attitudes of scholars to the inclusion of Australia as a country of the global South.

Translating paratextual elements of online news texts from English into Ukrainian

The paratext is defined as textual and visual elements that surround and support the core text. It is also any material additional to, appended to or external to the content, which has functions of explaining, defining, instructing, supporting, or adding background information, the relevant opinions and attitudes of scholars, translators and reviewers. The article examines the significance of the paratext and its components in the translation of online news texts. The objective of the paper is to demarcate a theoretical framework based on literary criticism, media and translation studies, which can provide the ground for media translators and researchers. In particular, this paper determines the paratext and paratextual elements within the scope of news discourse; singles out the most potent paratextual elements in news translation; and presents the most frequent challenges of rendering paratextual elements in the translation of online news texts from English into Ukrainian. The research provides some insights brought by the notion of the paratext to translation studies, as well as the neighbouring disciplines of digital and media studies. The analysis highlights the complex paratextual elements, which have never ceased to challenge translators, mainly headlines, subheadings and leads of online news texts.

VIEWS OF THE THINKER AND THE OWNER ON MANAGEMENT

There are about seven billion people on earth, and only more than two hundred of them have their own state. The antiquity of the state system is a characteristic feature of the Uzbek people. The well-known figures who created the system of formation, development, improvement and practice of the system of governance testify to the ancient history of this nation. In the effective work of the administration, the enlightenment reforms of the heads of state have certainly made a worthy contribution to the enlightenment of culture and the arts, and this has always been recognized. The unrest, which threatens the peace and tranquility of the country, and the bias in the country's domestic and foreign policies, in turn, have shaped the attitudes of prominent scholars, clerics, poets, and writers about leaders.

Attitudes of Scholars towards Self-Archiving in Institutional Repositories of Zimbabwe's Public Universities

The introduction of open-access institutional repositories in scholarly communication presents an opportunity for public universities in Zimbabwe to increase the visibility, reach and impact of their research output. However, this opportunity is missed because of the low utilisation of the repositories by scholars in the institutions. Guided by the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model, the researchers investigated academics’ awareness levels of and attitudes, perceptions and concerns about institutional repositories with the aim of understanding academics’ deposit behaviour. Both qualitative and quantitative methods in the forms of a questionnaire and interviews were used to gather data from academics and library and research directors at eight universities and from policy documents and university websites. Stratified, systematic and convenience sampling techniques, including the complete enumeration method, were used. The findings revealed that academics lacked knowledge and awareness of institutional repositories and their value in scholarly communication. Therefore, marketing and training should be intensified to increase acceptance and usage of repositories.

Проблема правдивости образа «Другого» в имагологии

The article examines the conceptual prerequisites and grounds of the imagological approach to the problem of the truthfulness of the image of the “Another”. It has been proved that the “indifference” of imagologists to this issue, putting it beyond the framework of the imagological research, is due to some basic ideas of post-structuralism: first of all to the idea of non-referential literature. The example of the comparative analysis of the views of two well-known structural scholars Yu.M. Lotman and R. Barthes revealed fundamental differences in their approach to the study of literature, reflecting the watershed between the traditional comparative studies and the imagology. The article shows that the attitude to the issue of truthfulness of the image of the “Another” largely depended on the ideological attitudes of scholars, their aesthetic views, on the way they answered more general questions: what is literature, what are its functions and relationship with reality, is there truth? The philosophical preconditions of ideological and methodological differences between Soviet and French scientists were revealed: Lotman’s orientation to the tradition of Hegelian teleology and dialectic, and Barthes – on the tradition of post-classical philosophy of F. Nietzsche, M. Heidegger, E. Husserl, analytical philosophy. The article explains the various concepts of realism in Yu.M. Lotman’s and R. Barthes’: it shows the historicity of Lotman’s interpretation of realism and the latent “ideology” of Barthes’s position. The consequences of the poststructuralist “turn” in the historical perspective, its ideological background are described. The article is concluded with the connection of imagology as a sphere of humanitarian knowledge with post-structuralism discourse, the ideas and rules of which it extrapolates to the study of the “Another”

Muslim Women Seize a Place of their Own in the World of Religious Knowledge: Da‘iyat, mujtahidat, and ‘alimat

The attitudes of historians and scholars towards women’s contribution to the scholarly field of Islamic knowledge range between recognition and denial. In view of a number of publications on this issue, major attitudes can be classified as follows: An attitude that recognizes the importance of women Islamic scholars (alimat) starting with Aisha, the Prophet’s own wife, who was considered a main source of the Prophet’s sayings or Hadith (the record of the Prophet’s sayings and deeds), and including other women at later stages of Islamic history who stood out and became famous for their religious knowledge. Moreover, there were Sufi women who were knowledgeable about religion and gained a reputation for their ability to explain to people the rules and principles of the faith.

Humaniści wobec procesów digitalizacji. Dylematy, obawy, bariery w pracy z danymi zastanymi

The author reflects on the attitudes of scholars in the humanities and social sciences to digitalization and to work with data stored in digital archives. Her aim is, first, to point out concerns in regard to making source material from research available, and second, to discuss the ethical and methodological dilemmas connected with reusing existing data in qualitative studies. The author presents the pragmatic and ideological motivations that could incline scholars to share material from their research. She also reviews the reasons for not sharing data from source material and not making use of semi-raw materials accessible in digital archives. She explains why researchers may have reservations about participating in the digital circulation of existing data: such reservations result mainly from methodological and ethical questions, consciousness barriers, and the economics of humanist scholarship.

Kunqu Opera in the Last Hundred Years in China

Kunqu, literally means kun melody, is one of the most ancient forms of Chinese opera. Originally her melody derives from Kunshan zone of Jiangsu province therefore it has been named Kunshan melody before, now Kunqu also known as Kunju, which means Kunqu opera. This paper mainly focuses on the development of Kunqu in the past 100 years and the influence of historical social and humanistic changes behind the special era on Kunqu, and compares the attitudes of scholars of different schools of thought in different eras to Kunqu and the social public to compare and analyze the degree of love of Kunqu.

Attitudes of young scholars in Qingdao and Hamburg about climate change and climate policy – The role of culture for the explanation of differences

This article analyses differences in the attitudes related to climate change of young scholars in environmental science in Qingdao (China) and Hamburg (Germany). The main aim of the article is to evaluate the role of cultural differences for their explanation. We expect no significant differences in the attitudes related to the findings of climate research, since scientific principles are the joint basis of the scientific discourse wordwide. However, we expect that there are differences in the attitudes of the young scholars about the role of science, of the state and of the civil society for dealing with the challenge of climate change. We suggest that these can be explained with substantial cultural differences between both societies, with regard to the role of the state and the civil society for the solution of environmental problems.In order to evaluate these hypotheses, we have conducted a comparative survey among environmental science students in Qingdao (China) and Hamburg (Germany) about their attitudes towards climate change. The findings support our main hypotheses. The young scholars in Qingdao and Hamburg differ substantially in their views of the role of science in society and policymaking. Plausibly, these differences may mainly be explained with differences in the cultural ideas about the role of the state and of the civil society for the solution of environmental problems. Gradual differences in the share of young scholars who think that climate change has anthropogenic causes, may be explained with differences in the curriculum but also by cultural habits. This article makes a new contribution to the scientific debate by exploring the role of cultural differences for differences in the attitudes of young scholars in environmental science in connection with climate change and climate policy in different cultural contexts.

Arabic “Hatt”: An Analytical and Phonological Study

From the respect for the phonology aspects, particularly the articulation of phonemes. The study aims to determine the concept of “Hatt” as a phonetic term. This paper starts by illustrating the definition of the term “Hatt” then proceeds to introduce the Arabic alphabets called “Hatt”. After examining “Hatt” places in general, andtheir manner of articulation in particular, the views of the scholars varied in term of concerning the letters which one is consided as “Hatt”. Some of scholars have pointed out that the “Hatt” sound is Al-Hamza, while some pointed out Al-Taa as to be “Hatt” sound, and others identified Al-Kaf is the “Hatt” sound. However, the study adopts the descriptive method through induction of the attitudes of both old and recent scholars who contributed to determine the concept of “Hatt” and tospecify the alphabets, which is to be consider as one of “Hatt”. Thus, the study discusses contradict opinions to conclude with certain findings, which are the following: “Hatt” is a process of compressing, destroying, and weakening of the phoneme when it is utters. Hamza and “H” are the “Hatt” phonemes, due to their characteristics that consists: vibration, resonance, and clear audible place of articulation.

Pharaoh and His Council


 
 
 In two suras of the Quran (Q 7 and Q 26) a dialogue between Pharaoh and his council members (malaʾ) is recorded after Moses performed miracles before them. The account in Q 7 is textually problematic, the version of Q 26 is smooth . After a brief survey of possible pre-Islamic precedents for the dialogue, this note explores the two nearly identical yet contradictory intraquranic parallels and the relationship between them, and surveys the harmonizing approaches of the classical exegetes as well as the critical attitudes of modern scholars to the issue . Finally, the textual dynamic that caused the passage in Q 7 to change is reconstructed. An appendix examines the other minute differences between the two passages .
 
 

Self-translation of academic discourse: the attitudes and experiences of authors-translators

ABSTRACTTranslation can play an important role in the dissemination of academic discourse. However, the type of translation used in academic settings is often non-conventional, involving partial translation, the combination of translation with other types of language mediation or self-translation. As empirical research into the translation of some academic genres has been restricted by the lack of visibility of translations, the various translation practices employed in academic settings remain largely unexplored – in particular the practice of self-translation. This paper addresses the issue of self-translation in academic discourse, focusing on the experiences and attitudes of Slovene scholars. Data were collected in an interview study involving nine experienced scholars from three different academic disciplines. The interviews reveal the participants’ opinions on translation direction in self-translation, their practices concerning adaptation in self-translation, and their views on self-translation of academic texts. The findings delve into the key issues encountered by authors-translators and highlight the potential of self-translated academic texts for contrastive, intercultural and pedagogical purposes.

Music, emotions and reform in South Asian Islam: perspectives from the eighteenth to the twentieth century

ABSTRACTThis article explores the ‘reformist discourse’ on mystical audition (samā‘) in South Asia (from the eighteenth to the twentieth century). Reform in the Islamicate world has been studied conventionally from the perspective of compliance with or deviation from the sharī‘a. This narrative holds that ecstasy is the result of intoxication that transgresses the boundaries of doctrinal Islam which privileges sobriety. However, this article argues that sharī‘a was subject to various and/or contested interpretations. The article discusses how emotion knowledge derived from ‘psychology’ (‘Ilm al-Nafs or ‘Ilm al-Nafsiyāt), with the circulation of ideas and concepts across the Indo-Persian and Arabic regions, was appropriated by Muslim scholars to privilege or discourage certain emotional practices and styles. Sufi scholars, in this period, were drawing upon various disciplines – theology, philosophy, medical knowledge (ṭibb) and Sufi psychology. They have attributed different emotions (discussed in Sufi texts as moral virtues or vices and mystical states and stages) to different ‘subtle components’ such as heart, spirit, soul intellect and others. The various ways of conceptualizing emotions influenced the attitudes of Muslim scholars who privileged different emotional styles towards the mystical practice of samā‘. Thus, the reformist discourse in South Asian Islam, informed by emotion knowledge, was contested. The article analyzes the writings of Muslim scholars on Sufi ideas and practices, sharī‘a, and psychology and shows how notions about the (physiological/psychological) mystical effects (experienced in the assembly of samā‘) and ideological positions shaped diverse attitudes to mystical audition.