Attitudes Of Family Members Research Articles

Postnatal Health Care among Urban Women

The present work is a study of “Postnatal Health Care among Urban Women: A Sociological Inquiry”. The study has been carried out in Meerut District of Western Uttar Pradesh, India. The study has been divided into six chapters. The first chapter is introductory which includes conceptualization, an overview of the literature, select studies, rationale and statement of the problem, area of study, universe/ sample, methods of data collection and data analysis. The second chapter deals with the socio-demographic profile of the respondents based on the empirical work done in the research area. The third chapter deals with the reproductive history of the respondents based on the empirical work done in the research area. The fourth chapter takes account of the Information about postnatal care period of the respondents based on the empirical work done in the research area. The fifth chapter deals with the Support/ Attitude of family members of the respondents during postnatal care period based on the empirical work done in the research area. The sixth chapter includes the summary and conclusion of the present study.

Work-life Balance among Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) Workers in Anekal Town, South India.

Context:Buses take up more than 90% of public transport in Indian cities and serve as a cheap and convenient mode of transport for all classes of society. However, the well-being of employees of this mode of transport is paramount in passenger and personal safety. As in any job, the person has to balance work and personal issues. Work–life balance is a concept that supports the effort from an employee in any sector to split their time and energy to balance work and personal lives.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional study using a structured interview schedule was conducted among 103 Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) workers in Anekal town, Karnataka, to determine the work–life balance among them. The total score was classified into high, medium, and low work balance categories. The scores for each domain were analyzed separately to derive at the factors which act against work–life balance.Results:Low work–life balance was found in 26 (25.2%) of all subjects. The important factors that affected work–life balance were identified to be shift work, work load, night duties, social functions, and negative attitude of family members. The reasons that motivated them to work were to support family (35%), future security (33%), and to clear personal debts (15.5%).Conclusion:Given the low work–life balance in a quarter of several individuals in this study, there is a need to address this issue to ensure necessary balance and safety and well-being of both road transport employees and passengers.

Verbal communication of families with cancer patients at end of life: A questionnaire survey with bereaved family members

To clarify the verbal communication of feelings between families and patients in Japanese palliative care units from the perspective of bereaved family members by examining (1) proportions of families' and patients' verbalization of six feelings (gratitude, love, seeking forgiveness, giving forgiveness, wishes after death, and continuing bonds), (2) recognition of receiving these feelings through verbalization from the family's perspective, and (3) the specific attitudes of family members that influence their verbalizations. In 2010, a cross-sectional survey was conducted with 968 bereaved families of cancer patients in palliative care units across Japan. Five hundred thirty-seven responses were analyzed. (1) "Gratitude" was verbalized most often (families: 47%; patients: 61%), and "expressing forgiveness" least often (families: 16%; patients: 11%). (2) Even if the words were not used, 81.2% to 88.2% of families answered that they had received the patient's feelings, and 71.8% to 85.4% of families felt the patient had received their feelings. (3) Multiple logistic regression analyses indicated that the strongest attitudes determining verbalizing were "not wanting to say farewell without conveying feelings," "a daily basis of expressing," and "heart-to-heart communication" (ishin-denshin). For both families and patients, verbalizing feelings was difficult. Our results showed that families' and patients' verbalizing and receiving of feelings must be aligned to understand their communication at the end of life in Japan. Future research is needed to verify how attitude helps promote or inhibit verbalization.

Student’s Sense of School Belonging: Home Influence

Family and school play the leading role in personality formation and its further development. Family is the centre of social and emotional world for small children. However, in the adolescence period, students start seeking recognition at school and among friends; the need for involvement, achievement and leadership shows up. Although, at first sight, family remains in the background, yet its role at the fundamental moments of student’s life remains significant.
 Sense of school belonging is a concept which defines the extent to which students feel personally accepted, respected, involved and supported by parents, teachers, other community members in school environment. Student’s sense of school belonging primarily depends on teachers; however, acceptance and appraisal of a child by classmates and parents is also important to the sense of belonging. The sense of school belonging shows the extent to which students are involved in and connected with school community (both teachers and students) and feel support and assistance. It is a subjective assessment of a student which is related to the feeling of respect and acceptance at school, i.e. psychological membership in school and classroom. Although a teacher and school still play one of the key roles in fostering the sense of acceptance and school belonging, yet attitude of family members towards school, as well as certain factors of home educational environment strengthen or weaken the sense of belonging. Good relationship of teacher and student with school, teachers and peers influences students’ inclination for further development and fully fledged membership in social group. Lack of interrelationship may have a negative impact on student’s self-awareness, life satisfaction and interest in learning activity.
 This article analyses which factors of home educational environment have influence on the formation of student’s sense of school belonging. 4 618 students aged 15 from 216 general and vocational schools participated in the survey.

Honour-Related Violence and Children's Right to Physical and Psychological Integrity

ABSTRACTThis article discusses the protection children subjected to honour-related violence are entitled to under international human rights law. The issue is examined from the perspective of the practical and effective implementation of the right to physical and psychological integrity. In ensuring this right, relevant authorities must take the child’s right to family life into consideration, which may require specific measures to ensure a safe home environment in the long term. In cases of honour-related violence, this arguably entails addressing attitudes of family members that uphold violence, notably attitudes towards what is considered acceptable social behaviour for girls and boys and how the family can uphold its honour without resorting to violence. An obligation to support parents in such a manner can be held to exist under the Convention on the Rights of the Child, but has not yet been advanced by the European Court of Human Rights.

Truth telling for patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Henan, China.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the truth-telling status and the relevant factors of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients in Henan, China.Methods: A cross-sectional study from April to June 2015 using questionnaires was given to 301 family members of hospitalized ESCC patients based in three affiliated hospitals of Zhengzhou University (i.e., The First Hospital, The Second Hospital, and Tumor Hospital) and Anyang Tumor Hospital.Results: Among the 41.9% (126/301) hospitalized ESCC patients who knew of their true diagnoses, only 4.0% patients were informed by their corresponding responsible doctors, 39.7% by their family members, and 56.3% by themselves. Univariate analyses showed that disclosure of confirmed ESCC diagnosis to patients was correlated with gender, family history of cancer (FHC), education level, vocation, hospital administrative level, and attitudes of family members (P < 0.05). Furthermore, multivariate analysis indicated that attitude of family members was the most important and an independent factor for diagnosis disclosure. Those patients with a negative FHC, under-education, manual occupation, advanced stages, and hospitalized in municipal hospitals exhibited a low rate of truth telling. Conclusions: Truth telling for ESCC patients in Henan is not prevalent and may be improved through consultation with family members, particularly for patients with a negative FHC, poor education, manual occupation, and advanced stages.

Patients’ perception towards directly observed treatment – A qualitative study from Kollam district, Kerala, southern India

BackgroundThe Direct Observation of Treatment (DOT) is an important component of the country's TB Control strategy. Standards of TB care in India and the End TB strategy emphasised the importance of a patient-centered approach to foster adherence. A qualitative study was conducted to explore the perception of people with Tuberculosis in Kerala regarding DOT, mechanisms to make the treatment of TB more patients centered and to identify the preferable mechanisms to ensure adherence. MethodsSix focus group discussions were conducted – two among people with TB from rural area, two among people with TB in urban area, one among multipurpose health workers of rural area and one among key field staff of TB control in urban area. ResultsPatients who were on a strict DOT were unhappy about the issues of confidentiality, patient inconvenience and provider centered approach. A flexible, patient centered approach were a family member can act as the DOT provider with guidance from a trained health worker was evolved as the most acceptable and comfortable mode of treatment to majority of the TB patients. They felt that a strict external monitor as a DOT provider was not a necessity in majority of the cases. Only practical way to effectively incorporate ICT in monitoring patient compliance in current scenario was identified as daily phone call reminders. Patients also expressed their concerns in keeping the medicines for entire duration at home. ConclusionA flexible patient wise individualized system based on patient's behavior, literacy and awareness along with attitude of family members is needed to ensure adherence to anti TB drugs.

A Review of the Perceptions of Healthcare Providers and Family Members Toward Family Involvement in Active Adult Patient Care in the ICU.

The objective of this article is to provide a summary of the perceptions of healthcare providers and family members toward their role in active patient care in the ICU and compare the views of healthcare providers with those of relatives of critically ill patients. The search was conducted using PubMed as the primary search engine and EMBASE as a secondary search engine. Studies were included if they were conducted in the ICU, had an adult patient population, and contained a discussion of active patient care, including perspective or actions of family members or healthcare providers about the active participation. Titles and abstracts of articles identified through PubMed and EMBASE were assessed for relevancy of family involvement. The full article was reviewed of titles and abstracts involving family involvement of care in the ICU to assess if the topic was active care and if the article involved perceptions of healthcare providers or family members. The references of all selected articles were then evaluated for the inclusion of additional studies. Articles including perceptions of healthcare providers were grouped separately from articles including attitudes of family members. Articles that contained the perceptions of both healthcare providers and family members were considered in both groups but were evaluated with each perspective separately. Examples of specific patient care tasks that were mentioned in each article were identified. A positive attitude exists among both family members and providers toward the involvement of family members in active care tasks. Providers and family members share the attitude that a partnership is necessary and that encouragement for family members to participate is essential. The findings in this review support the need for more objective research regarding how families are caring for their loved ones and how family involvement in care is affecting patient and family outcomes.

Assessing the Knowledge and Attitude of Family Members of Psychotic Patients regarding Drug Compliance and its Relationship with the Selected Factors in a Selected hospital of Delhi

A study was conducted to assess the knowledge and attitude of family members of the psychotic patients regarding drug compliance and its relationship with the selected factors in selected hospital of Delhi. The conceptual framework adopted for the study was based on system model. Descriptive survey approach was adopted; convenient sampling was used for selecting the hospital and purposive sampling technique was used to select a sample of 100 family members of psychotic patients. The tool developed and used for data collection was structured interview schedule and a likert type attitude scale. It was found that in majority of the family members of psychotic patients had good level of knowledge. There was significant relationship between knowledge and demographic factors in educational qualification and no significant relation between knowledge and selected factors like age, sex, religion, occupation, marital status, monthly income and duration of illness. There was significant relationship between attitude and demographic factors in educational qualification and no significant relationship between attitude and selected factors like age, sex, religion, occupation, marital status, monthly income and duration of illness.

Knowledge and Attitude toward Epilepsy of Close Family Members of People with Epilepsy in North of Iran.

Background. Knowledge and attitudes are required for relatives of people with epilepsy to allow them to better understand and cope with this condition. This study evaluated the knowledge and attitudes of family members of people with epilepsy about the disease. Methods. This cross-sectional survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire completed by close family members of people with epilepsy at the outpatient clinic of a medical university. The questionnaire included 25 items that determined the demographics and information on the level of knowledge and attitudes about epilepsy. Results. The 124 participants had an average age of 36.88 ± 10.68 years. The mean knowledge score was 10.32 ± 2.25 (range: 4 to 15). 87.1% of respondents answered that epilepsy is a brain disorder, 39 (31.5%) said epilepsy is inherited. As a whole, 62 (50%) had good knowledge about the disease. The mean score of attitude was 7.25 ± 1.54 (range: 2 to 10). 83.9% of respondents believed that a person with epilepsy can get married and get pregnant (76.6%). Overall, 15 (12.1%) had negative attitudes and 109 (87.9%) had positive attitudes. Conclusion. The main findings of this study indicated good knowledge and a positive attitude about epilepsy among family members of people with epilepsy.

Disability Inclusion in Primary Health Care in Nepal: An Explorative Study of Perceived Barriers to Access Governmental Health Services

Purpose: Persons with disabilities face additional barriers in accessing primary healthcare services, especially in developing countries. Consequently the prevalence of secondary health conditions is higher among this population. This study aims to explore the perceived barriers to access primary healthcare services by persons with disabilities in the Western region of Nepal. Methods: 10 primary healthcare providers and 11 persons with disabilities (physically or visually impaired) were selected by non-governmental organisations from the hilly and lower areas. Based on the International Classification of Functioning and the health accessibility model of Institute of Medicine, semi-structured interviews were conducted and analysed using analytical induction. Results: In general, healthcare providers and persons with disabilities reported similar barriers. Transportation and the attitude of family members and the community were the main environmental barriers . Even with assistive devices, people still depend on their families. Financial barriers were mainly reported, such as lack of funds for health expenses, problems in generating an income by persons with disabilities themselves, and the low socio-economic status of their families. Personal barriers, which affect help-seeking behaviour in a major way, were most often mentioned in relation to financial and socio-environmental barriers. Low self-esteem of the person with disability determines the family’s attitude and the motivation to seek out healthcare. Lastly, poor public awareness about the needs of persons with disabilities was reported. Conclusions: Besides the known physical environmental barriers, this study found several environmental, financial and personal barriers that also affect access to primary healthcare. In particular, the attitudes of families and poor financial conditions seem to be interrelated and greatly influence help-seeking behaviour. Implications: There is a definite need to educate primary healthcare providers who work at the community level about disability-related health conditions, and train them to diminish barriers to access health services. In addition, the government support system for persons with disabilities should be revised and implemented accordingly. Lastly, further research is needed to understand the interaction between the reported barriers that influence the inclusion of persons with disabilities in healthcare.

From service quality in organisations to self-determination at home.

In our proposed model, family members' perceptions of service quality in organisations improve communication about self-determination. In turn, family perceptions of communication openness have a positive relationship with self-determination attitudes of family members. Finally, these attitudes predict self-determination behaviours of individuals with intellectual disability, as reported by family members. We tested this model with a sample of 625 family members (196 using 'day care services' and 429 using 'occupational services'). Multi-sample structural equation modelling (SEM) supported the model. Communication and attitudes fully mediated the link from service quality to self-determination behaviours. Improving family members' perceptions of service quality and opening channels of communication between professionals and family members are useful strategies to facilitate parents' positive attitudes and increase the frequency of self-determination behaviours at home.

Interventions to Improve the Labour Market Situation of Adults with Physical and/or Sensory Disabilities in Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries: A Systematic Review

Disability is a development issue, with widespread poverty, inequality and violation of human rights. Recent estimates suggest that more than one billion people are living with some form of disability. Persons with disabilities are over-represented among the world’s poor, and significant labour market disadvantage helps maintain the link between poverty and disability in many country contexts. The costs of disability are particularly acute in low- and middle-income countries (those with gross national income per capita of less than $12,616), where up to 80% of people with disabilities of working age can be unemployed, around twice that for their counterparts in high-income countries. When people with disabilities do work, they generally do so for longer hours and lower incomes, have fewer chances of promotion, are more likely to work in the informal labour market, and are at greater risk of becoming unemployed for longer periods. The barriers faced by people with disabilities globally in accessing and sustaining paid work is a profound social challenge. There is now growing recognition of employment as a key factor in the process of empowerment and inclusion into society, and the role of interventions to improve labour market outcomes for disabled people is receiving increased international attention. It is therefore both vital and timely to increase understanding of the impacts of available programmes, in order to ensure that they are effective in delivering positive outcomes for people with disabilities and provide value for money. Although several reviews have attempted to summarise the existing research in this area, there are a number of substantive and methodological limitations to these reviews. Thus, there is a need to systematically examine the evidence base to provide an overview of the types of interventions being used to improve employment outcomes, to identify those that are effective and ineffective, and to identify areas in which more research needs to be conducted.

La migration des étudiants ouest-africains : une réponse à la mondialisation du savoir

While European countries have devoted considerable resources to efforts to block the flow of irregular migration, they have at the same time been vying with one another to attract the best minds and solve the problem of demographic ageing. How do African students navigate through such contradictory policies? This chapter discusses the plans for international migration as expressed by university students from three West African countries (Senegal, Cote d’Ivoire, and Niger). Based in particular on a questionnaire distributed to around 4,000 students, the study identifies a series of factors contributing to students’ intention to migrate: family networks abroad, level of educational attainment, lack of confidence in their country’s future, supportive attitude of family members, etc. Contrary to the widespread assumptions expressed in the media and in policy debates in industrialised countries, ‘migration intentions’ appear to be carefully pondered and proactive in nature, rather than impulsive headlong rushes. Students are relatively well informed, and their intentions to undertake what is mostly temporary migration are based on a weighing of their interests in terms of education and professional experience. This article therefore calls for improved coordination of mobility and development policies to unlock the potential of migration while satisfying the thirst for knowledge identified in the three countries concerned.

Deprescribing psychotropic medications in aged care facilities: the potential role of family members.

There is widespread concern in Australia and internationally at the high prevalence of psychotropic medication use in residential aged care facilities. It is difficult for nurses and general practitioners in aged care facilities to cease new residents' psychotropic medications when they often have no information about why residents were started on the treatment, when and by whom and with what result. Most existing interventions have had a limited and temporary effect and there is a need to test different strategies to overcome the structural and practical barriers to psychotropic medication cessation or deprescribing. In this chapter, we review the literature regarding psychotropic medication deprescribing in aged care facilities and present the protocol of a novel study that will examine the potential role of family members in facilitating deprescribing. This project will help determine if family members can contribute information that will prove useful to clinicians and thereby overcome one of the barriers to deprescribing medications whose harmful effects often outweigh their benefits. We wish to understand the knowledge and attitudes of family members regarding the prescribing and deprescribing of psychotropic medications to newly admitted residents of aged care facilities with a view to developing and testing a range of clinical interventions that will result in better, safer prescribing practices.

English

The aged patients seem to be confronted with barriers when using health services. Yet, care providers are often oblivious to these barriers, although they may share to some extent the burden of responsibility for them. OBJECTIVES: To study the perceptions and attitudes of geriatric health care seekers towards the health care system. To assess the potential barriers that may restrict the geriatric people from using health services. METHODOLOGY: A cross sectional study was conducted among 200 participants' ≥65 years who were attending health institutions in both rural and urban setting using pre-tested, semi- structured interview schedule. Statistical analyses were performed using Microsoft Excel 2007 and Epi-info version 6.0 software. RESULT: Positive impact was found on regard to the family doctor, essential works being carried out, knowledge about the institute (P=0.000, 0.014, 0.001 respectively). Exercise played significant role among the males and females (P=0.017). Literacy had some positive impact on health status (P=0.025), essential works being carried out for themselves (P=0.033) and helpful attitude of family members (P=0.019). CONCLUSION: The significance were being observed in regards to the personal and family level both of which could be related to ignorance towards the health care for themselves or for a geriatric

A descriptive qualitative study of the roles of family members in older men's depression treatment from the perspectives of older men and primary care providers.

The aim of this study is to describe the roles of family members in older men's depression treatment from the perspectives of older men and primary care physicians (PCPs). Cross-sectional, descriptive qualitative study conducted from 2008-2011 in primary care clinics in an academic medical center and a safety-net county teaching hospital in California's Central Valley. Participants in this study were the following: (1) 77 age ≥ 60, noninstitutionalized men with a 1-year history of clinical depression and/or depression treatment who were identified through screening in primary care clinics and (2) a convenience sample of 15 PCPs from the same recruitment sites. Semi-structured and in-depth qualitative interviews were conducted and audiotaped then transcribed and analyzed thematically. Treatment-promoting roles of family included providing an emotionally supportive home environment, promoting depression self-management and facilitating communication about depression during primary care visits. Treatment-impeding roles of family included triggering or worsening men's depression, hindering depression care during primary care visits, discouraging depression treatment and being unavailable to assist men with their depression care. Overall, more than 90% of the men and the PCPs described one or more treatment-promoting roles of family and over 75% of men and PCPs described one or more treatment-impeding roles of family. Families play important roles in older men's depression treatment with the potential to promote as well as impede care. Interventions and services need to carefully assess the ongoing roles and attitudes of family members and to tailor treatment approaches to build on the positive aspects and mitigate the negative aspects of family support.

Experiences and opinions of health professionals in relation to the presence of the family during in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation: An integrative review

The presence of the family during efforts has been reported for more than twenty years and, despite a lack of strong evidence of its benefit, the tendency to not permit this practice has been observed. The aim of this review is to identify studies in the global literature performed about the experiences and opinions of nurses and other professionals regarding the presence of the family during intra hospital arrest. An integrative review according to steps suggested by G among was conducted that enabled the identification of four hundred and one articles, of which fourteen were selected. These are indexed in LILACS, IBECS and MEDLINE databases, using the keywords family, cardiorespiratory arrest, resuscitation and health professionals. The analyses unit used was the theme and the categorizations were given by: professionals experiences and opinions relationship aspect regarding the presence of the family during the arrest attendance. In 57.1% of the selected studies, the professionals responding experienced a call to cardiopulmonary (CPR) with family presence on site. Only two articles (14.2%) reported that professionals were in favor of family presence during CPR, while 57.1% were against this practice; among these were most professionals from Asian countries. It was concluded that the majority of studies are against the presence of the family during arrest although there is a trend to implement this practice, the majority of professionals are not supportive, at the same time, they coexist with the practice. Thus, research in every continents that exploring the experiences and attitudes of family members, nurses and other professionals can broaden the understanding on the subject, as well as provide best polices practices available for implementation in all attendance services.

Emotional burden and distress among caregivers of cancer patients.

e20722 Background: Due to the nature of the disease, caregivers of patients with cancer encounter high levels of burden and distress. Very little research has examined the needs of cancer caregivers and ways to address these needs. Health providers might overlook the emotional aspects of a disease and diagnosis, being occupied and busy with other aspects of patient care. Methods: Questionnaires with a focus on personal physical health, emotional health, care received, and medical care in general were handed out to patients and family members. Health providers were given similar questionnaires. Results: There were 45 participants in total: 18 health providers, 10 patients, and 17 family members. Similarities or differences between the attitudes of family members, health providers, and patients were found. Providers more negatively assessed the effect of a patient’s cancer on the well-being of family members than did patients/family members. Family member physical health was more negatively rated [P &lt; 0.001] by providers, as was family member emotional health [P&lt; 0.001]. Providers were also more likely to check distresses on the NCCN distress thermometer than were patients/family members. Responses were similar between urban and rural participants. Conclusions: Family members did not feel that the cancer diagnosis had affected their overall well-being in an overtly negative way. Health care providers believed that the cancer diagnosis had more of a negative effect on family member well-being. Future studies should look at attitudes of doctors/physicians versus other health providers to family member well-being after a patient’s cancer diagnosis.

‘We need to know what’s going on’: Views of family members toward the sexual expression of people with dementia in residential aged care

This paper reports on a study which explored the views and attitudes of family members towards the sexual expression of residents with dementia in residential aged care facilities in two states in Australia. Recruitment was challenging and only seven family members agreed to an interview on this topic. Data were analysed using a constant comparative method. Family were generally supportive of residents' rights to sexual expression, but only some types of behaviours were approved of. There was an acknowledgement that responding to residents' sexuality was difficult for staff and many families believed that they should be kept informed of their relative's sexual behaviours and moreover be involved in decision making about it. Findings suggest the need for family education and a larger study to better understand the views and motivations of family carers and how these might impact on the sexual expression of the older person with dementia living in residential aged care.