Attitude Of Mind Research Articles

Multilevel design of performance measurement systems: enhancing strategic dialogue throughout the organization

Strategy (re)formulation and implementation pertains to the collective ambition and responsibility of an entire organizational population. This perspective justifies an integral approach to the design of organizational controls, implying a design effort throughout the organization at multiple organizational levels. The article proposes a normative framework for multilevel design of diagnostic controls, i.e. performance measurement systems. The framework is an attempt to synthesize a design theory from systems theory and cybernetics, using a composite of the goal-oriented model, the multiple-constituency model and the natural-systems model of organization. Although the framework concerns design of diagnostic controls, these products of designing are not an end in themselves. Rather, the process of designing is a means for enhancing strategic dialogue throughout the organization, thereby interactively controlling strategy. Hence, participation in the process of designing, during which the collective attitude of mind is reset in accordance with changed or even new strategic priorities, is essential. Application of the framework is explored in the illustrative case of a service organization.pc 1999 Academic Press

高齢者の温泉浴に関する研究 : 湯浅の身体論に準拠して

An attenpt was made to examine the "mind and body" transformation mechanism in elderly peopie using an "Onsen" bath, based on Yuasa's theory of mind and body. First, investigations into the actual conditions of elderly people in an Onsen were conducted, using various methods such as participant observations, records of conversations, interviews, questionnaires, and analyses of notes and life-history. Second, the theoretical significance of our findings was considered in relation to Yuasa's theory of three circuit systems. As a result, the following points were clarified: 1) Welfare (health/spa) centers for elderly people, bath houses and travel to Onsens satisfy the needs for health, involvement with friends, and fun of elderly people. The mind and body of elderly people using these Onsens relate mainly to Yuasa's first mind and body (information) system, that is the "external world sense-activity circuit system". 2) The "Onsen habit" of elderly people who live in Onsen areas is deeply internalized as a subconscious level, and use of the Onsen plays an important role in their daily living activities and in life itself. This attitude of mind and body is related mainly to the second information circuit system, i.e. "somesthesis" and "coenesthesis". 3) The sympathetic conformity with Onsen use, and the nature valued by "Toji" (hot spring cure) elderly people are related mainly to the deepest level of mind and body, i.e. the third information circuit system of the "emotion-instinct". This attitude enhances the function of the autonomic nervous system and stimulates their natural healing power through the system. 4) There is an individualistic value related directly to the mind and body of elderly people in the sensation of nature around an Onsen, i.e. the value of "life" or "longevity". This is the most important basic factor for the "raison de vinre" of elderly persons, and the source of that feeling.

The Rules of the Game: Struggles in Black Recreation and Social Welfare Policy in South Africa

Whose Game? Whose Rules? African Sport and the Struggle for Urban Space The Politics of Reading: Literacy, Consciousness and the Development of Library Services for Blacks in South Africa Maids and Mesdames: Contested Objectives in Social Welfare Provision for African Women Kill the Weekend: Social Drinking, Drunkenness, and Temperance Among the African Middle Class A Proper Attitude of Mind: Socialization, Subordination, and the Rise of the Social Work Profession Among Blacks Bibliography Index

Liddell hart and manoeuvre

When speaking of manoeuvre Liddell Hart and his work occupies a central place. In this article Professor Alex Danchev, the author of Alchemist of War: The Life of Basil Liddell Haft, assesses the centrality of Liddell Hart for British military thinking. Liddell Hart was an ambitious and egocentric man but with fundamental humanity which was reflected in his thinking and writing. An artist more than a scholar or a scientist, he created parables to illustrate his point, such as ‘the expanding torrent’ a parable which had demonstrable impact on the Blitzlrieg. Professor Danchev also discusses Liddell Hart's influential ‘indirect approach’, first announced in 1927. The indirect approach was much more an attitude of mind than an arrow on the map—the enemy had to be unhinged before he could be unmanned. All in all, he saw a strategy of limitation as desirable. Professor Danchev thus argues that the meaning of manoeuvre for Liddell Hart and the meaning of Liddell Hart for manoeuvre is reciprocal and fundamental—he is part of the mental furniture of manoeuvre.

Measuring and modelling patients flows through rehabilitation and continuing care

Rehabilitation stands between acute care and long-term care. As such, it is difficult to define and harder still to measure. Put simply, it is a process, an attitude of mind, a philosophy; something that patients need but acute hospitals would rather do without. This paper discusses the problems of measuring and forecasting rehabilitative activity before explaining how behavioural models of flow demonstrate the interaction between acute, rehabilitative and long-stay care. Managers, directors of social service departments, and clinicians need scientifically valid methods that enable them to measure performance and to optimize decision-making. Inherent flaws in the current methods used to measure hospital activity must be overcome if rehabilitation is to occupy its rightful place in health care management.

Michael Faraday on the Learning of Science and Attitudes of Mind.

The paper makes use of Michael Faraday's ideas about learning, in particular his thoughts about attitudes to the unknowns of science and the development of an attitude which improves scientific decision-making. An invented scenario involving nursery school children demonstrates some attitudes displayed there. Discussion of the scenario and variation in possible outcomes suggests that Faraday's views are relevant to scientific learning in general. The main thesis of the paper is that it is central to learning in science to acknowledge that there is an inner struggle involved in facing unknowns, and that empathy with the fears and expectations of learners is an essential quality if genuinely scientific thought is to develop. It is suggested, following Faraday, that understanding our own feelings while we teach is a pre-requisite to enabling such empathy and that only then will we be in a position to evaluate accurately whether or not our pupils are thinking scientifically.

Q Methodology and Creation of Advertising Message: An Example of Coffee

The purpose of this study is to use the Q Model (Kim, 1993) to determine consumers' overall attitudes toward a specific product, namely coffee. This model is applied to gauge consumers' attitudes and feelings and to use these data to construct the most effective and advertising campaign that is. It is our goal to determine exactly what the status of our product is in the mind of the consumer. This study explores how the product is perceived and discovers precisely what the segmentation for our product really is. Finally, a creative concept for the market will be developed with these attitudes in mind.

An invitation from MELNET96 to contribute to the ‘brand learning organisation’

How will the future marketing company make the most of its two greatest creative assets: people and brands? Companies may decide that brand marketing has become too important as a value-adding process to be departmentalised. A common language is essential so that people of all functions can understand what value adding contributions need to be made with a ‘do now’ sense of urgency across the brand learning organisation. A vital requirement is a cultural attitude of mind which puts teamworking and leadership of quality/value, ahead of individual politics and preservation of the status quo. Fast achieving organisations will increasingly make full use of electronic media to share thoughts and information in a more intelligent way than was possible in mass marketing's first century.

Consultants' attitude of mind criticised Standards advisory group should have a higher profile BMA says that learning should be student centred Labour party wants investigation into negligence claims BMA calls for end to pension discrimination

# Consultants' attitude of mind criticised {#article-title-2} Consultants need to make “a culture change in their minds,” according to a parliamentary select committee in a report last week. It says that it is time that all consultants were aware of the need to work with others in the provision of complete and effective care. The committee, which shadows the work of the health service ombudsman, was commenting on a case where a consultant surgeon in Walsall failed to tell anyone that he suspected cancer in a patient who died, although nurses reassured relatives about his recovery (BMJ 1994;309:1461). In their report the MPs say that they were appalled to come across such haphazard arrangements. It was the consultant's responsibility to ensure that effective communication of the suspected diagnosis took place. Dealing with patients suffering from terminal illness, and with their relatives, demands the utmost care and sensitivity, they state—recommending that all health authorities and trusts be reminded of the need for clear instructions on communicating with relatives through all stages of serious illness. At the heart of the failings in the Walsall case was the unwillingness of the consultant and chief executive to accept the full extent of their responsibilities. The MPs conclude: “We see the need for a culture change in the minds of many of the consultants who appear before us.” In another case they recommend a national initiative to train accident and emergency staff in the needs of mental health patients. This follows the death of …

Obstacles to Future Prosperity

Mr Heseltine offers a positive approach to prosperity, believing that obstacles are there to be overcome. There is potential to be realised through the GATT agreement, and developments such as information highways and the growth of tourism. Nevertheless there are some major obstacles to be overcome: lack of education, over‐regulation and lack of public funding, for example. Solutions to these obstacles require new techniques, such as the inter‐related use of public and private resources, and new attitudes of mind.

Intentions missionnaires et perception africaine : quelques données camerounaises

The intention of this article is to study variations in attitudes of mind. This can be especially observed in events, which may be qualified as odd, such as attempts at religious conversion, namely the coming about of a new way of thinking and the willingness to change forged in a society which up that point in time had lived in a different manner. Some events concerning the meeting of Catholic missionaries with the Beti of the southern Cameroons will be described. This unusual meeting led to an effective change in the way that both the Beti and the missionaries saw the world.

A case that biomedicine is unduly negative to radical hypotheses and to theorizing—Evidence based on cardiology's reaction to the spasm of resistance vessel concept and on the nature of scientific research

This communication will attempt to make a case that biomedicine is unduly negative to radical hypotheses and to theorizing. Evidence will be based on a proposed undue negativity by cardiology to a radical hypothesis I first described two and a half decades ago—the spasm of resistance vessel (S-RV) concept of ischemic heart disease (IHD). The theory is regarded as an alternate paradigm and deals with basic pathogenetic mechanisms of IHD, the most significant disorder of Western civilization. The concept, if valid, might help in reducing the impact of this disorder, and I believe that the evidence for the theory and the importance of IHD support a more open minded attitude toward the idea. Cardiology's negativity is attributed to the nature of research; the most important factor is considered to be the Kuhnian negativity of scientific communities to hypotheses which are destructive of conventional wisdom, and a second factor is the special nature of biomedical research. Biomedicine is regarded as special because a low level of specific information about complex biomedical processes has fostered an essentially total study-based approach. Such an approach is assumed to have resulted in biomedicine's use of induction as ‘the’ method of scientific inquiry, and prompted negativity towards the hypothetico-deductive method used to develop and test the theory. Also, the study-based nature of biomedicine appears to have fostered an intuitive reliance on only newly performed studies to test hypotheses, which led to ignoring evidence for the concept derived from known information about IHD. Biomedicine is also regarded as special because its infrequent use of paradigm-change has resulted in unfamiliarity with this method, and because the practical method of training in biomedical research has worsened the general unfamiliarity of scientists with theoretical aspects of science. Because of these factors, the S-RV concept has not yet been properly evaluated—a quarter of a century after it was first created.

Faith and Morality

There is a point of view popular with some religious thinkers-amongthem Muslims-that religion and morality are two separate institutions andhave very little to do with each other. This is because the former is centeredin God, while the latter is entirely human in content and approach. Accordingto this view, an individual can be moral without subscribing to anyrecognizable religion. Furthermore, a deeply religious person occupies a stationin life where usual relations with the world, including those with otherpeople, are perceived as being so lowly and mundane that they become irrelevant.This is, to say the least, not the essential Qur’anic standpoint.The Qur'an , as well as a number of sayings of the Prophet, does not envisagean estrangement between God and humanity. Human beings are said tohave been created after the image of God: Who is nearer to each person thanhisher own jugular vein (Qur'an 50:16). They a so close to each other thatthey may possibly enter into a mutual dialogue. There is thus an organicallyintimate relevance of the individual’s religious faith with the subsequent performanceof the corresponding moral actions. In the Qur’an, the word amanu(they held on to faith [in God]) is almost invariably followed by ‘amilu alsalihat (they performed good actions). However, it must be undelstood thatfaith is not an honorific term, a characteristic that may be inculcated into anperson’s character in its own right. It rather refets to a barely psychologicalstate, an attitude of mind A person may have faith in the all-good God or insome evil being(s) (Qur’an 4:31). In the first case, such an individual isnecessarily good, in the other, he/she is bound to be morally bad ...

Back to Basics: Problems and Prospects for Applied Philosophy

This paper is an account of a response to a well-intentioned and genuinely naive question concerning the nature of ‘applied philosophy’. It indicates differing points of view concerning the nature of philosophy and what one might or might not expect from it. It tries to synthesise these points of view into a position that sees philosophy as continuous with that attitude of mind that was epitomised by Socrates, an attitude of mind which is directed to every aspect or dimension of human life. The notion of the enquiring activist is borrowed to encapsulate this attitude as a valuable goal of ‘applied philosophy’.

Musical Expression of Moodstates

Three different age groups (5- and 10-year-old children, and adults) were asked to link a number of selected excerpts of music to one of the four moodstates: "happiness", "sadness", "fear" and "anger" (represented by facial expressions). The consensus of choices was considerable, even among the youngest children, and increased with age. Fear and anger were harder to identify in music than happiness and sadness. In the case of anger, this is probably caused by the phenomenon that the subjects (especially the youngest children) were often inclined to answer not by identifying the character of the stimulus, but in terms of the character of their response: fear. In a preliminary experiment in which a group of adult subjects was asked to judge a large number of moodstates for their possible expression in music, we found some indications that music expresses the positive-negative value and the degree of activity of a moodstate particularly well. The position of happiness, sadness and anger on those dimensions is quite clear. Fear is probably harder to express by music since its position on the activity dimension is less well-defined. "Music is, by its very nature, essentially powerless to express anything at all, whether a feeling, an attitude of mind, a psychological mood, a phenomenon of nature.... "(Stravinsky, 1936) "People usually complain that music is so ambiguous; that it is so doubtful what they ought to think when they hear it; whereas everyone understands words. With me it is entirely the converse.... The thoughts which are expressed to me by a piece of music which I love are not too undefinite to be put in words, but on the contrary too definite. "(Mendelssohn, 1842)

Dealing with Human Death: The Floating Perspective

This article explores a plausible approach to dealing with the important, if not fundamental, life-span phenomenon of human death. Specifically, this approach is called the floating perspective, and is based on insights contained in the works of Choron and Jaspers. In effect, the floating perspective suggests that it is possible to deal with human death by refraining from taking an ultimate position on this problem. The inquiry elaborates on both the logic of this view as well as its psychology, that is, the attitude of mind that it suggests. This elaboration is carried out by contrasting the floating perspective with a number of other views, such as those of Epicurus and the Stoic philosophers. Whereas these views attempt to provide a remedy or an answer to the problem of death, the floating perspective encourages an openness to this unavoidable aspect of human nature. The article examines the role of anxiety and describes possible meaningful outcomes of an encounter with human death from this perspective.

The Emersonian Presence in Abstract Expressionism

In all of the literature on abstract expressionism, very little has been written about what I would call the Emersonian presence. It is a presence rather than a source or influence. And it is not limited to Emerson, since it can be found in such figures as Walt Whitman and William James, among others. But it is easier to say “an Emersonian presence” because precise influences are difficult, probably impossible, to establish. What I am concerned with is an attitude of mind that recurs in American intellectual history and that resonates through much 20th-century American art, ranging from early modernists such as John Marin through artists associated with process art. I do not mean to deny other welldocumented European and American sources, influences, and presences in abstract expressionism and other American movements, but only to call attention at this time to the Emersonian presence.

Keepers of culture: the art-thought of Kenyon Cox, Royal Cortissoz, and Frank Jewett Mather, Jr

The conflict between modern and traditional art is one of the best known episodes in American cultural history. The modernists won the war in the sense that their styles and attitudes of mind dominated the discussion and production of new art. But the traditionalists remained strong in the arenas of public opinion and taste. It is a testament to the importance of the ideas involved that the basic issues are not yet settled in the larger cultural world. Kenyon Cox, a painter as well as critic, revealed a devotion to the ideals of a high art tradition, derived in his later years chiefly from admiration for the Italian Renaissance. He knew western art history, surveyed the current art scene in many reviews and analytical essays, and wrote with careful attention to the canons of scholarship. Royal Cortissoz, the art editor of the New York Tribune for over 50 years, was an appreciator and connoiseur. His belief in beauty in a well-done and recognizable form left him open to more innovation than was the case with Cox. He was well suited to speak to and for the growing middle class in the Progressive era. The fact that he remained a significant figure in art circles long after his tastes ceased to be dominant, testified to the nature of the audience for whom and to whom he spoke. Frank Jewett Mather, Jr., was the most realistic of these critics in estimating how art appealed in society. He was concerned to see that the arts remained integrated in public esteem and thought. Mather took comfort from history of art, which revealed to him that great works and their creators could survive time and criticism. This sense of historical process let Mather escape the bitterness that so affected Cox, and to a lesser extent Cortissoz, as tastes changed.

From Reality to Hypermedia through Artificial Reality

Abstract Technology is teaching how to represent reality on the computer, and practically all subjects have been considered suitable to computing. However, the role of the computer has been very different from traditional scienific approaches: while the traditional scientific disciplines tend to underline the specific results and the rules governing a subset of reality in a unified way, computer disciplines lead towards an integration of knowledge in order to reproduce the considered subset of reality as a unity governed by known rules. Such an integration is changing the nature of programming and seems to transform the art of computer programming into a scientific discipline capable of modelling pieces of the real world as well as pieces of the ideal world (Platone just called this world ‘IperUrania'!). With such an attitude in mind we will analyse in this paper the development of hypermedia systems. We will try to shown that the development of hypermedia systems, started from models of reality (ideality), not only corresponds to a well founded scientific discipline but introduces a clean methodology suitable for improving both quality and productivity for hypermedia systems.

Du projet à la pratique : la difficile naissance de l'économie coopérative en URSS

Putting theory into practice : the difficulty with the creation of the cooperative economy in the U.S.S.R. Perostroika or reconstruction, a historical necessity, can be seen economically speaking as the transformation from state monopolization of the factors of production towards a pluralistic form. New forms of production : tenancy, individual activity and cooperatives are encouraged from above and legitimized by law . But their development has met with resistance not only from the conservative red tape of the local Soviets but also from public opinion. The introduction of market forces into the planned economy goes against the ideology of the average Russian, conditioned over time to think that only state ownership corresponds with socialism whereas the cooperative, in the form of the collective farm for instance, is questionable. The restructuring must then take this attitude of mind into account within the party machine and within the population itself.