Attitude Subscales Research Articles

Travma Bilgili Bakım Ölçeği: Türkçe Geçerlilik ve Güvenilirlik Çalışması

The aim of this study is to adapt the trauma-informed care scale, a scale developed to measure the level of knowledge, attitude and practice related to trauma-informed care, to Turkish culture by making the appropriate analysis. 161 mental health professionals participated in this survey model study. The data of the study were collected by using the convenience sampling method, the demographic information form and the Trauma Informed Care Scale. The data were generated through the online data collection platform surveey.com. It was determined that most of the mental health professionals (70.2%) in the study had never heard of the trauma-informed care model, and 87% did not use this model in their practice. The EFA analysis showed that a 3-factor structure was emerged, which explained 50.36% of the total variance and in which all items were included in the subscales of the original scale. According to the results of the analyzes, 3 items in the Attitude subscale were removed from the total items of the scale and the final version of 18 items scale that could be used in Turkish culture was created. The correlation analyzes showed that the total mean score was highly and positively correlated with all subscales. The Trauma-Informed Care Scale is a reliable measurement tool with proven structural validity and suitable for use by mental health professionals (physicians, nurses, psychologists, psychological counselors, social workers) working with trauma survivors, and researchers planning studies on trauma-informed care and/or trauma-sensitive care.

Factors related to the attitudes towards the older adults and emphatic skills of gerontology students

Aim: In this study, we aimed to determine the factors related to the attitudes and empathic skill levels of gerontology students towards the older adults. Methods: 167 Gerontology students participated in our study. Data were collected by Google online survey method using personal information form, Kogan's Attitude towards Elderly Scale and Basic Empathy Scale. Results: Mean age of the students is 21.41 ± 2 year, 80% were female. A statistically significant difference was found between the students' grade level, their mother's education level, whether they lived with an older adult at any time in their lives, the duration of living with an older adult and the total score of the attitude towards the elderly scale (p < 0.001, 0.002, 0.017, 0.044, respectively). There was a statistically significant difference between gender, mother's education level, the place where they lived for the longest time and the positive attitude score towards the elderly (p = 0.008, 0.005, 0.019, respectively). There was a statistically significant difference between the students' grade level, number of siblings, whether they lived with an older adult at any time in their lives and the negative attitude score towards the elderly (p<0.001, 0.016, 0.028, respectively). A statistically significant difference was found between gender, mother's education level and the total score of the basic empathy scale (p<0.001, 0.005, respectively), emotional subscale (p<0.001, 0.041, respectively) and cognitive subscale scores (p = 0.007, 0.005, respectively). The mean Attitudes Towards Elderly Scale Total Score, Positive Attitude Sub-scale Score and Negative Attitude Sub-scale Score of the students were 156.52 ± 17.54, 72.59 ± 11.02 and 83.93 ± 11.89, respectively. The mean scores of Basic Empathy Scale Total Score, Cognitive Sub-scale Score and Emotional Sub-scale Score were 78.05 ± 10.19, 37.04 ± 4.94 and 41.02 ± 7.13, respectively. Conclusions: In our study, it was determined that the gerontology department students had high attitudes and empathic skills towards the older adults.

OKUL ÖNCESİ DÖNEMDE ZİHİNSEL YETERSİZLİĞİ OLAN VE OLMAYAN ÇOCUKLARIN EBEVEYNLERİNDE EBEVEYN TUTUMLARININ KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI

Introduction: Child-rearing attitudes of parents have great importance in developing a positive personality structure. Positive child-rearing attitudes contribute to children being beneficial individuals. This study aims to determine and compare the factors affecting the parenting attitudes of the parents of children with and without intellectual disability. 
 Methods: This study was planned with a descriptive design. The data were collected from the mothers of the children using the Parenting Attitude Scale.
 Results: In the comparison of the parenting attitudes of the mothers of the children with and without intellectual disability, there was a statistically significant difference between the Permissive Attitude subscale scores of the mothers. 
 Discussion: Pediatric nurses know about the different parenting attitudes that may change based on family characteristics will be important in evaluating children and their families.

An investigation into attitudes of nurses towards Patients’ aggression in mental Health Hospitals in Sulaimani City \ Kurdistan -Iraq

Background: Patients’ aggression remains a challenging issue for nurses in mental health hospitals. Nurses' attitudes and perceptions toward aggression can be projected into management and level of care. Psychiatric patients require special care and require a positive attitude from nurses to reduce aggressive behaviors.
 
 Objective: This study aimed to describe attitudes among nurses towards patients’ aggression. In addition to determine the difference in the attitude in regard to some variables among those nurses.
 
 Materials and Methods: Sixty nurses working in the two governmental mental hospitals in Sulaimani city, who met certain criteria were recruited for this cross-sectional study, using a convenience sampling technique. A self-reported questionnaire was developed and consisted of three parts, The sociodemographic characteristics, workplace environment, and the attitude toward aggression scale (ATAS), The scale consists of eight subscales of attitudes. The period of data collection started from January 2023 to May 2023. The collected data were statistically analyzed using SPSS- Version 22.
 
 Results: The overall average mean score of attitudes was determined (37.7 ± 3.835) in the acceptable-normal reaction attitude scale, which attributed to a highest mean score, which reflects a positive attitude. Followed by a violent reaction attitude scale (34.1± 3.597) viewing aggression as an assault reaction. In addition, nurses' scientific degrees in nursing education, age, gender, and ward-work unit were variables that significantly affect the differences in attitude (P value < 0.05, 0.01).
 
 Conclusions: The findings entail that the nursing staff working in mental health hospitals in Sulaimani holds a positive-negative attitude toward patients’ aggression, which may reflect the patient -centered nursing approach used by them.

Assessing Health Students' Attitudes and Usage of ChatGPT in Jordan: Validation Study.

ChatGPT is a conversational large language model that has the potential to revolutionize knowledge acquisition. However, the impact of this technology on the quality of education is still unknown considering the risks and concerns surrounding ChatGPT use. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the usability and acceptability of this promising tool. As an innovative technology, the intention to use ChatGPT can be studied in the context of the technology acceptance model (TAM). This study aimed to develop and validate a TAM-based survey instrument called TAME-ChatGPT (Technology Acceptance Model Edited to Assess ChatGPT Adoption) that could be employed to examine the successful integration and use of ChatGPT in health care education. The survey tool was created based on the TAM framework. It comprised 13 items for participants who heard of ChatGPT but did not use it and 23 items for participants who used ChatGPT. Using a convenient sampling approach, the survey link was circulated electronically among university students between February and March 2023. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to assess the construct validity of the survey instrument. The final sample comprised 458 respondents, the majority among them undergraduate students (n=442, 96.5%). Only 109 (23.8%) respondents had heard of ChatGPT prior to participation and only 55 (11.3%) self-reported ChatGPT use before the study. EFA analysis on the attitude and usage scales showed significant Bartlett tests of sphericity scores (P<.001) and adequate Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measures (0.823 for the attitude scale and 0.702 for the usage scale), confirming the factorability of the correlation matrices. The EFA showed that 3 constructs explained a cumulative total of 69.3% variance in the attitude scale, and these subscales represented perceived risks, attitude to technology/social influence, and anxiety. For the ChatGPT usage scale, EFA showed that 4 constructs explained a cumulative total of 72% variance in the data and comprised the perceived usefulness, perceived risks, perceived ease of use, and behavior/cognitive factors. All the ChatGPT attitude and usage subscales showed good reliability with Cronbach α values >.78 for all the deduced subscales. The TAME-ChatGPT demonstrated good reliability, validity, and usefulness in assessing health care students' attitudes toward ChatGPT. The findings highlighted the importance of considering risk perceptions, usefulness, ease of use, attitudes toward technology, and behavioral factors when adopting ChatGPT as a tool in health care education. This information can aid the stakeholders in creating strategies to support the optimal and ethical use of ChatGPT and to identify the potential challenges hindering its successful implementation. Future research is recommended to guide the effective adoption of ChatGPT in health care education.

Development and validation of the Teen Moms Child Feeding Questionnaire for Sub-Saharan Africa

BackgroundIn Sub-Saharan Africa, the nutritional status of children born to teenage mothers deserves critical attention. Maternal knowledge and attitudes concerning infant and young child feeding (IYCF) may predict actual practices and child nutritional status. This study created and validated the Teen Moms Child Feeding Questionnaire for Sub-Saharan Africa.MethodsA literature search on IYCF knowledge and attitude gaps in teenage mothers generated scale items. Ten nutrition experts and six teenage mothers assessed content validity and comprehensibility, respectively. Construct validation was conducted by item response theory (IRT) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), in 150 teenage mothers in rural communities of Abuja, Nigeria. Model fit parameters were estimated by standardized chi-square tests. Internal consistency reliability was determined by marginal reliability and Cronbach’s alpha. In a sub-sample of 40 women who completed the questionnaire two weeks later, test–retest reliability was assessed via intraclass correlations.ResultsThe IRT analysis retained 23 knowledge items on infant food type, breastfeeding and complementary feeding, with acceptable discrimination and difficulty. CFA produced a six-factor solution (exclusive breastfeeding, breast milk expression, meal frequency, responsive feeding, dietary diversity, and barriers) with 17 attitude items. Confirmatory fit and Tucker Lewis indices > 0.9; Root Mean Square Errors of Approximation and Standardized Root Mean Square Residuals < 0.08, showed good model fit. Overall Cronbach’s alpha of the attitude scale (0.843), subscales (≥ 0.6) and high intraclass correlation coefficients (> 0.75) indicated reliability.ConclusionThe Teen Moms Child Feeding Questionnaire for Sub-Saharan Africa is a valid assessment tool for IYCF knowledge and attitudes of teenage mothers.

Knowledge and worries on motherhood choice in multiple sclerosis - a cross-sectional study on patient-reported outcome measures.

Since multiple sclerosis (MS) is often diagnosed in young women, pregnancy is a common topic for women with MS (wwMS). The study aimed to assess the measurement properties of two patient-reported outcome measures on motherhood choice in MS, and to explore the information and support needs of wwMS concerning motherhood. We conducted an anonymous web-based survey to validate the motherhood/pregnancy choice and worries questionnaire (MPWQ, 31 items plus up to 3 additional items) and the motherhood choice knowledge questionnaire (MCKQ, 16 items). We used mailing lists and social media for nationwide recruitment in Germany, and included women of childbearing age with relapsing-remitting MS, clinically isolated syndrome or suspected MS who were considering pregnancy or were pregnant. For the MPWQ, we assessed item difficulty, discriminatory power, and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha; CA). We analysed construct validity using the Leipzig Questionnaire of Motives to have a Child, the Decisional Conflict Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Questionnaire-revised2. We studied the structural validity using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The MCKQ was evaluated descriptively. We explored the information and support needs of wwMS on motherhood descriptively. We examined correlations between MCKQ, MPWQ and clinical characteristics and performed exploratory group comparisons considering the following binary variables: having children and being pregnant. 325 wwMS started the survey; 232 wwMS met our inclusion criteria and were analysed. Their mean age was 30 years (SD 5). Most women had relapsing-remitting MS (n=218; 94%), 186 (80%) had no children, and 38 (16%) were pregnant. Internal consistency was good for the worries subscale (CA>0.8), while it was unsatisfactory for the attitude and coping subscales (CA<0.7). The EFA did not support the three-scale structure (coping, attitude, and worries). Due to these findings, we decided to keep the worries scale without any subscale. The items from the coping scale and attitude scale could be assessed as additional descriptive items. Convergent and divergent construct validity of the MPWQ was satisfactory. 206 wwMS (89%) completed the MCKQ. On average, 9 of 16 (56%) items were answered correctly (range 2-15), and the questionnaire showed a good balance between easy and difficult items. Questions on immunotherapy, disease activity, and breastfeeding were the most challenging. WwMS were confident in getting pregnant and raising a child (n=222; 96%). Most wwMS were worried about postpartum relapses (n=200; 86%) and the long-term effects of pregnancy on disease evolution (n=149; 64%). About half of the wwMS (n=124; 54%) did not know where to find professional help and 127 (55%) had no strategies to cope with future impairments so that they could take care of a child. Our results support the suitability and acceptability of both questionnaires as potential patient-reported measures for assessment of knowledge and worries around motherhood/pregnancy in MS. The survey results highlight the need for evidence-based information on motherhood in MS to increase knowledge, reduce worries and support wwMS in making informed decisions.

Are Canadian Women Prepared for the Transition to Primary HPV Testing in Cervical Screening? A National Survey of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs.

As Canadian provinces and territories prepare to transition to HPV-based primary screening for cervical cancer, failure to identify and address potential barriers to screening could hinder program implementation. We examined screening-eligible Canadians' attitudes towards and knowledge of cervical screening. A nationally representative sample of screening-eligible Canadians (N = 3724) completed a web-based survey in the summer of 2022. Oversampling ensured that half of the sample were underscreened for cervical cancer (>3 years since previous screening or never screened). The participants completed validated scales of cervical cancer, HPV, and HPV test knowledge and HPV test and self-sampling attitudes and beliefs. Between-group differences (underscreened vs. adequately screened) were calculated for scales and items using independent sample t-tests or chi-square tests. The underscreened participants (n = 1871) demonstrated significantly lower knowledge of cervical cancer, HPV, and the HPV test. The adequately screened participants (n = 1853) scored higher on the Confidence and Worries subscales of the HPV Test Attitudes and Beliefs Scale. The underscreened participants scored higher on the Personal Barriers and Social Norms subscales. The underscreened participants also endorsed greater Autonomy conferred by self-sampling. Our findings suggest important differential patterns of knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs between the underscreened and adequately screened Canadians. These findings highlight the need to develop targeted communication strategies and promote patient-centered, tailored approaches in cervical screening programs.

Investigating the Relationship Between Spiritual Health, Meaning in Life, and Death Attitudes among COVID-19 Patients Discharged from ICUs: A Cross-Sectional Study in Iran.

The COVID-19 pandemic has been shown to affect both physical and mental health. Because of this mental health burden, it is important to pay attention to issues such as the relationship between spiritual health, death attitudes and meaning in life - all issues made more prominent during the pandemic. This study was conducted to determine the correlation between these three factors - spiritual health, meaning in life, and death attitudes, among patients with COVID-19 discharged from the intensive care units of hospitals affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.This cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study was conducted between April 2020 and August 2021 with 260 participants. The data collection instruments were a demographic characteristics questionnaire, Polotzin and Ellison's Spiritual Health Questionnaire, The Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ), and Death Attitude Profile-Revised (DAP-R).The correlation between meaning in life, spiritual health, and death attitudes was determined by Spearman's correlation coefficient. The research results showed that there is an inverse and significant correlation between spiritual health and death attitudes (p = 0.01); an inverse, but insignificant correlation between existential health and subscales of death attitudes, except for the subscales of approach acceptance and neutral acceptance (p > 0.05); and an inverse, but insignificant, correlation between spiritual health and death attitudes, (p > 0.05). In addition, there was an inverse and significant correlation between the presence of meaning in life and escape acceptance (p = 0.002); an inverse and significant correlation between the search for meaning in life and neutral acceptance (p = 0.007); and an inverse and significant correlation between the meaning in life and death attitudes (p = 0.04). Besides, the findings showed an inverse but insignificant correlation between all spiritual health subscales and the meaning in life subscales (p > 0.05). Spiritual health has an inverse correlation with death attitudes.Also, there is an inverse correlation between the total score of spiritual health and death attitudes. Regarding the subscales of spiritual health, there is an inverse correlation between existential health and death attitudes subscales, except for approach acceptance and neutral acceptance. Also, the results showed an inverse and significant correlation between meaning in life and death acceptance and avoidance subscales, and there was an inverse and significant correlation between the meaning in life and death attitudes. Finally, the increase in spiritual health reduces patients' risks of thinking about death. The research results double the significance of the role of nurses, especially those dealing with critically ill patients and those who have experienced severe disease conditions.

The effect of COVID-19 vaccine literacy on attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccine among university students.

University students are a large group of the population who should be vaccinated to prevent the spread of the pandemic. This research aimed to determine the effect of COVID-19 vaccine literacy on the attitudes towards the COVID-19 vaccine among university students. This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with 2384 university students via online survey in September and October 2021. 'Demographic Information Form', 'COVID-19 Vaccine Literacy Scale', and 'Attitudes towards the COVID-19 Vaccine Scale' were used to collect the data. Data were evaluated via descriptive statistics, independent group t-test, ANOVA, Tukey HSD, and Pearson Correlation analysis. The mean score on the COVID-19 Vaccine Literacy Scale was 27.26 ± 6.49 (moderate). Demographic differences that significantly affected students' vaccine literacy scales included parents' education levels (lower levels of parental education associated with higher communicative/critical vaccine literacy). Health sciences students had more positive attitudes to the COVID vaccine than students of other disciplines. The higher the level of mother's education, the more positive the student's attitude towards the vaccine, and similarly the higher the student's socio-economic background the higher the positive attitude towards the vaccine. Examination of the relationship between the vaccine literacy scale and the attitudes towards the vaccine showed low levels of correlation. Students who had parents of lower education levels may have more responsibilities for explaining vaccination to their parents, thus improving their communicative/critical vaccine literacy. A vaccine literacy scale with separate functional literacy score and critical/communicative score helps to explain some of socio-demographic differences in students' scores, and similarly for attitude towards the COVID-19 vaccine (positive and negative attitude sub-scales).

Knowledge, attitude and preventive practices of COVID-19 among deaf persons in the Greater Accra region of Ghana

BackgroundSince the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, studies continue to investigate the KAP of COVID-19 among diverse groups. We examined the KAP of COVID-19 among deaf persons living in the Ayawaso North Municipality in Accra.MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional design was used for this study. Our sample comprised deaf persons registered with the Municipal Directorate. In all, 144 deaf persons were interviewed using an adapted KAP COVID-19 questionnaire.ResultsRegarding knowledge, majority of the deaf persons (> 50%) were not in the know of 8 out of 12 items of the knowledge subscale. For attitude, deaf persons (> 50%) showed optimistic attitude in all 6 items of the attitude subscale. Deaf persons “always” practised 5 items and “sometimes” practised 4 items in the preventive practices to COVID-19. A positive moderate and significant correlation existed between the subscales. Regression analysis showed that, a one-unit increase in knowledge will result in a 1.033-unit increase in preventive practices while a one-unit increase in knowledge will result in a 0.587-unit increase in attitude.ConclusionsCampaigns about COVID-19 should emphasize the teaching of the science of the virus and the disease and not just the preventive practices, paying special attention to deaf persons.

Human Trafficking Myths as a Mediator in the Relationship Between Ambivalent Sexism and Sex Trafficking Attitudes Among Undergraduate, Medical, and Public Health Students

ABSTRACT Although the extant body of research has established how the presence of human trafficking myths impact attitudes about sex trafficking survivors, few standardized sex trafficking curricula exists for undergraduate students and undergraduate medical students. The current study used a sample of 414 undergraduate, public health, and medical students from three large public universities in the midwestern United States to explore the relationship between ambivalent sexism, human trafficking myths, personal comfort with sexuality, and sex trafficking attitudes. The findings of our mediated moderated path analysis indicated that the path between hostile sexism and three sex trafficking attitudes subscales were mediated by human trafficking myths. Personal comfort with sexuality was also significantly and positively associated with sex trafficking attitude subscales. Based on these findings, it may behoove undergraduate programs and undergraduate medical programs to increase students' personal comfort in discussing sexualitybased content and include sex trafficking information into existing curricula.

The effect of physical activity on mother-child relationship and parental attitudes: a follow-up study examining the long-term effects of COVID-19.

This study was planned to evaluate effects of game-based physical activity model on mother-child relationship and parental attitudes during the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic period. This study was designed using a web-based quasi-experimental model with a pre-test/post-test evaluation, with a control group. The mothers who accepted to participate in the study and their children were divided into experimental (group I, n=28) and control groups (group II, n=31). The mothers and children in the experimental group were asked to apply web-based game-based physical activity model for 20 minutes/day for 4 weeks. The online questionnaire included socio-demographic data form, Child Parent Relationship Scale (CPRS), and Parental Attitude Scale (PAS). There were no significant differences between mean scores of pre-test and post-test subscales of the PAS in group I (p>0.05 for all subscales). It was found that post-test scores of democratic subscales of PAS statistically significant decreased (p=0.047) and the authoritarian attitude subscale scores significantly increased (p=0.033) in group II. The mean pre- and post-activity scores of positive/close relationship and conflictual relationship subscales of CPRS differ between groups (p<0.05 for both subscales). Pre-post test scores of group II were found to be significantly lower compared to group II. Our study provides a moderate improvement in parameters evaluated; however, we suggest that longer-term activities may have a more permanent and statistically significant effect.

A Survey of Students' Attitudes and Comments about Needed Changes in Communication Skills Learning in Zambia: A Descriptive Study

Introduction: Challenges abound in 21st-century medical education due to the rapidly changing health, technological, socio-political, and economic social milieus, implying the need for a health force that can traverse the complexities of modern society. To meet the demands of the complex and interconnected modern world, medical education is on the tangent to producing doctors competent in the art and science of medicine through the mastery of interpersonal, communication, and clinical skills. Training in communication skills has become a component of undergraduate medical training in many nations. Students’ attitudes to learning influence their interest, self-reflexivity, and mastery of concepts and skills. This study sought to determine the attitudes of undergraduate medical students in Zambia regarding their experiences of communication skills learning. Methods: Undergraduate students from two medical schools in Zambia who participated in communication skills training completed the Communication Skills Attitude Scale (CSAS) and a demographic questionnaire. The quantitative observational design used the SPSS software to facilitate the computation of the descriptive statistics on the mean scores and standard deviations of the CSAS global, subscales, and individual-items scores. Cronbach’s alpha and confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the reliability and validity of the measure and dataset. Results: There was a 96.1% response rate to the distributed questionnaires. The global mean score was 103.6, 55.5 on the positive attitude subscale, and 48.0 on the negative subscale. The students’ comments highlighted teaching-learning methods, course length, and timing as issues of concern. Conclusion: Despite the favourable disposition of undergraduate medical students in Zambia toward learning communication skills, teaching methods, course timing, and length hinder knowledge and skills transfer.

Development and Validation of the Privileged Social Class Attitudes Scale (PSCAS)

The goal of the study was to develop a scale to assess the social class attitudinal profiles of people with social class privilege. Based on social class theory and other models of privileged identities, we generated an item pool reflecting different attitudinal profiles. In Study 1, exploratory factor analysis revealed a scale with four core social class attitude subscales (Social Class Prejudice, Acknowledgement, Awareness, and Action) and three additional scales reflecting independent social class constructs (Social Class Identity Centrality, Guilt, and Fortune). In Study 2, we found that the subscales fit together in a multifactor correlational model and established construct validity. However, the Action subscale surprisingly correlated positively with the Prejudice scale. Post hoc analyses revealed this correlation existed only for those high in just world beliefs. Taken together, the Privileged Social Class Attitudes Scale provides a new tool for investigating the attitudinal profiles of people with social class privilege.

Health-Promoting Factors and Their Relationships with the Severity of Symptoms in Patients with Anxiety Disorders during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Anxiety disorders are one of the most common mental disorders in the modern world. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the onset of many mental disorders in people who did not have them before. It can be suspected that in people who already had anxiety disorders before the pandemic, their quality of life has significantly deteriorated. The aim of the study was to assess the relationships between life satisfaction, acceptance of illness, the severity of anxiety and depression symptoms and health behaviors in a group of patients diagnosed with anxiety disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was conducted in the period from March 2020 to March 2022. There were 70 people among the respondents, including 44 women aged 44.06 ± 14.89 years and 26 men aged 40.84 ± 16.72 years. All persons were diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder. Patients with other co-occurring disorders were excluded, i.e., depression and signs of organic damage to the central nervous system, as were those with cognitive disorders that prevented the completion of the questionnaires. The following scales were used in the study: the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Acceptance of Illness Scale (AIS), Health Behavior Inventory (HBI) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and the Mann-Whitney U test were used for statistical analyses. In the Satisfaction in Life questionnaire, the respondents obtained an average score of 17.59 ± 5.74 points. In the AIS scale, the mean score obtained by the patients was 27.10 ± 9.65 points. In the overall Health Behavior Inventory (HBI), the average score was 79.52 ± 15.24 points. In the HADS questionnaire, probants obtained an average of 8.17 ± 4.37 points in the depression subscale and 11.55 ± 4.46 points in the anxiety subscale. In addition, there were significant negative correlations between life satisfaction (SWLS) and the severity of anxiety and depression (HADS). The lower the perceived quality of life, the significantly higher the anxiety and depressive disorders. The result obtained in the Health Behavior Inventory (HBI) as well as in the subscale of Prohealth Activities (PHA) was negatively associated with the severity of anxiety symptoms. Prohealth activities should therefore be developed to prevent anxiety disorders, as well as to promote positive mental attitudes. In the study, the average result obtained in the subscale of positive mental attitudes correlated negatively with both anxiety and depressive symptoms. Life during the pandemic was assessed by patients as unsatisfactory. Health-promoting behaviors, and especially positive mental attitudes, may play a protective role in relation to anxiety and depressive symptoms in a situation of increased stress related to the COVID-19 pandemic in a group of patients with anxiety disorders.

Relationships between dynamic risk factors for externalising problem behaviour and group climate in adults with mild intellectual disability in forensic treatment.

Relationships between dynamic risk factors for externalising problem behaviour and group climate were investigated in 151 adult in-patients with mild intellectual disability or borderline intellectual functioning in a Dutch secure residential facility. Regression analysis was used to predict total group climate score and Support, Growth, Repression, and Atmosphere subscales of the 'Group Climate Inventory'. Predictor variables were Coping Skills, Attitude towards current treatment, Hostility, and Criminogenic attitudes subscales of the 'Dynamic Risk Outcome Scales'. Less hostility predicted a better overall group climate, better support and atmosphere, and less repression. A positive attitude towards current treatment predicted better growth. Results indicate relationships of hostility and attitude towards current treatment with group climate. A focus on both dynamic risk factors and group climate may provide a basis for improving treatment for this target group.

Health and Sedentary Behaviors within Polish Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Health behaviors play a pivotal role in improving and strengthening health. Nurses, who constitute the vast majority of employees in the health sector, play a crucial role not only in treating disease but also in promoting and maintaining optimal health for themselves and society. The purpose of the study was to assess the level of health and sedentary behavior and the factors influencing them among nurses. A survey, cross-sectional study was conducted among 587 nurses. Standardized questionnaires evaluating health and sedentary behavior were used. The study utilized both single-factor and multifactor analyses, employing the linear regression method and Spearman correlation coefficient. The results showed that the health behaviors of the survey nurses were at an average level. Sedentary time (in hours) was an average of 5.62 h (SD = 1.77) and correlates significantly (p < 0.05) and negatively (r < 0) with health behaviors in terms of the positive mental attitude subscale; the longer the sitting time, the lower the intensity of this type of health behaviors. The efficient functioning of the healthcare system is greatly dependent on nursing staff. To improve health behaviors among nurses, systemic solutions such as workplace wellness programs, incentives for healthy behaviors, and education on the benefits of a healthy lifestyle are needed.

Development and Psychometric Evaluation of a Chinese Instrument of Knowledge, Attitude and Preventive Practice on Dementia Care in Macao.

Very few instruments to integrate knowledge, attitude and practice into dementia care as a holistic perspective were available to the Chinese. This article documented the development of a 30-item self-administered Chinese instrument of knowledge, attitude and preventive practice on dementia care and reported the results of psychometric testing among 1500 Chinese in Macao Special Administrative Region (SAR), including 234 primary health professionals, 272 staff working at day-care centers and nursing homes, 586 high school students and 408 community-dwelling older people. The Chinese instrument was developed through literature review and committee review. The psychometric methods were used to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese instrument as measures of knowledge, attitude and preventive practice on dementia care for the Chinese. The preliminary results indicated that the Content Validity Index of the Chinese instrument was .973 and Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the Chinese instrument was .842, among which Knowledge subscale, Attitude subscale and Preventive Practice subscale were .749, .633 and .845 respectively. The means and standard deviation were 65.13 ± 24.56 for Knowledge subscale, 74.76 ± 8.37 for Attitude subscale, 73.22 ± 14.05 for Preventative Practice subscale, and 70.99 ± 11.27 for the Chinese instrument. The 30-item self-administered Chinese instrument of knowledge, attitude and preventive practice on dementia care had satisfied the psychometric evaluation well enough to warrant further use, and could also have particular implications for other Chinese populations all over the world.

Clinical nurses' patient safety competency, systems thinking and missed nursing care: A cross-sectional survey.

The aim of this study was to examine the relationships among patient safety competency, systems thinking and missed nursing care. Patient safety competency and systems thinking are important nurse attributes that promote patient safety. Missed nursing care is known to negatively impact patient safety. However, how nurses' patient safety competency and systems thinking relate to missed nursing care is unknown. A cross-sectional survey design was used to collect data from nurses practicing in two general hospitals in South Korea. Data were collected between 3 March and 17 April 2020. Questionnaires were distributed to nurses providing direct care in general and specialty units. Patient safety competency, systems thinking and missed nursing care were measured using reliable and valid instruments. A total of 432 complete sets of data were used in final analysis. Higher patient safety competency of nurses was associated with lower missed nursing care. Systems thinking partially mediated the relationship between knowledge of patient safety competency and missed nursing care, and attitudes of patient safety competency and missed nursing care. The knowledge, skills and attitudes sub-scales of patient safety competency showed somewhat different effects in the relationship between missed nursing care and systems thinking, suggesting that each attribute may tap into a separate aspect of patient safety.