Attitude Scale Scores Research Articles

Relationship Between Primary School Teachers' COVID-19 Fear Levels and COVID-19 Vaccine Attitudes After the Start of Face-to-face Education During the Pandemic Period: A School Health Study.

Starting face-to-face education while the COVID-19 pandemic was ongoing was a risk for public health. Determining teachers' initial reactions to public health practices during this high-risk period may contribute to the redesign of public health and school nursing policies. The aim of this research is to examine the relationship between primary school teachers' COVID-19 fear levels and COVID-19 vaccine attitudes. The research has a descriptive correlational design. The data were obtained from teachers working in primary schools (n = 430). Simple random sampling method was used in the data collection process. Data were obtained with the Scale of Attitudes Towards COVID-19 Vaccine and Fear of COVID-19 Scale. In the study, 50.5% of teachers reported that they were afraid of catching COVID-19, 41.9% said their risk of catching COVID-19 was "high," and 87.7% reported that they voluntarily got the COVID-19 vaccine. Of the teachers, 4.6% (n = 20) stated that they regretted getting vaccinated. A positive and significant relationship was found between teachers' Fear of COVID-19 Scale and COVID-19 Vaccine Attitude Scale scores (r = 0.133, p < 0.001). During the pandemic, it was observed that teachers' fear level of COVID-19 increased with the start of face-to-face education. In addition, it is seen that teachers started to have doubts about some public health practices. This may indicate that public health nurses should take a more active role in school health practices.

The effects of geriatric oral dental health training to dental students on their elderly attitudes.

To measure the effect of geriatric oral health education on the attitude of dentistry students towards the elderly. The interventional study was conducted in December 2022 at Sivas, and comprised students of the Faculty of Dentistry, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Turkiye in their 4th and 5th academic year. A 20-hour training course was delivered over 3 days by faculty members. Baseline and post-intervention difference was assessed using the Kogan's Attitudes Towards Old People Scale. Data was analysed using SPSS 22. Of the 30 students, 18(60%) were females and 12(40%) were males. The overall mean age was 22.93±1.63 years. Besides, 18(60%) students belonged to 5th year and 12(40%) to the 4th year. The mean Kogan Elderly Attitude Scale score at baseline was 184.13±25.55, while post-intervention it was 195.36±22.36. (p<0.05). Relevant training was found to have a significant impact on the attitude of dentistry students towards the elderly.

Investigation of Coaches' Attitudes Towards Teaching Students with Disabilities

This study aims to determine the attitudes of the trainers while teaching disabled students. Two hundred eighty-two people randomly selected among the trainers working under the Ministry of Youth and Sports in the Black Sea region participated in the research. The participants are 79 female and 203 male trainers working in the youth sports provincial and district directorates of the youth sports ministry. The descriptive method was used in the research. The descriptive method is a situation determination that indicates the current situation. Only one scale was used as a measurement tool. The scale of teachers' attitudes towards teaching disabled students consists of personal information and 22 items. In addition, the scale consists of four sub-dimensions. Attitudes are evaluated in terms of dimensions and overall attitude totals. Scale dimensions are behavioural purpose, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, attitudes towards behaviour, and general attitude total. Since the data were normally distributed in the analysis of quantitative data, t-tests and ANOVA tests from parametric tests were used. As a result of the research, when the General Attitude Scale score is examined, it is seen that while the trainers' attitudes towards teaching disabled students are positive, some variables that predict these positive attitudes influence the attitudes, while others are not. Although it is seen that the special norm sub-dimension is effective in the effect of the trainers' attitudes, their general attitudes are positive

Effect of environmental education program implemented with university student participation on secondary school students’ environmental attitude

ABSTRACT Study aimed to increase university students’ sensitivity and the environmental attitudes of secondary school students through environmental education program. It was planned as quasi-experimental research. The first phase was completed with five fourth-year students who took Social Awareness Course at a university’s nursing department in Turkey. In second phase, sample consisted of 264 5th-grade students studying at Secondary School in Black Sea Region. University students implemented Environmental Education Program for secondary school students for four weeks. Mean environmental attitude scale score of 5th-grade students before education was 2.79 ± 0.32, and after education was 3.51 ± 0.41. A statistically significant difference was determined between mean total scale scores of university and 5th-grade students before and after education (p ˂ 0.05). It was determined that environmental sensitivity of university students and environmental attitudes of secondary school students were at medium level before Environmental Education Program and high level after education.

Attitude of Medical and Dental Undergraduate Students Towards Learning of Communication Skills at a Medical College: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Proper physician-patient communication has shown to impact patients' satisfaction, and better health outcomes. On the contrary, negative impacts of poor communication have been attributed as one of the causes of increasing workplace violence. It is imperative to identify the attitude of the students towards communication skill learning. The aim of the study was to find out the attitude of undergraduate students towards communication skill learning using the communication skill attitude scale. This cross-sectional study was carried out from October, 2022 to July 2023 among undergraduate medical and dental students. Data was collected after obtaining the ethical approval from Institutional Review Committee (IRC number 2079/80/82) using a preformed proforma and the previously validated communication skills attitude scale questionnaire. Convenience sampling was done. The demographic details, educational characteristics, opinions regarding communication learning and median of positive and negative attitude scale scores were calculated using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The total median (interquartile range) positive attitudes scale (PAS) and negative attitudes scale (NAS) scores were 52.00 (48.00-87.00) and 31.00 (28.00-34.00) respectively. The first year of undergraduates had higher PAS scores 56.00 (50.00-60.00) than final year 48.50 (44.25-55.00). The students who were in favour of CS learning during the clinical years of training had a higher PAS median score, 54.00 (49.00-58.00). The undergraduates had overall positive attitude towards CS learning but negative attitudes were also noted, with deterioration in the scores from first to final year of undergraduation, reiterating the importance of strengthening CS learning in the curriculum early-on in the study period.

Effect of needle-free injection on psychological insulin resistance and insulin dosage in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Psychological insulin resistance (PIR), which refers to the reluctance of diabetic patients to use insulin, is a frequently encountered clinical issue. Needle-free injection (NFI) offers advantages in terms of expediting insulin absorption and mitigating adverse reactions related to injection. To evaluate the effects of subcutaneous injection of insulin aspart 30 with NFI on PIR and insulin dosage in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Sixty-four patients with T2DM participated in this randomized, prospective, open, crossover study. Insulin aspart 30 was administered subcutaneously to each subject via QS-P NFI and Novo Pen 5 (NP) successively. The effects of NFI on PIR were analyzed. Differences in insulin dosage, glycemic variability, and injection safety were compared at similar levels of glycemic control. After the administration of NFI, the insulin treatment attitude scale score decreased (53.7 ± 7.3 vs. 58.9 ± 10.7, p<0.001), the insulin treatment adherence questionnaire score increased (46.3 ± 4.9 vs. 43.8 ± 7.1, p<0.001), and the insulin treatment satisfaction questionnaire score increased (66.6 ± 10.5 vs. 62.4 ± 16.5, p<0.001). At the same blood glucose level, NFI required a smaller dosage of insulin aspart 30 compared with that of NP (30.42 ± 8.70 vs. 33.66 ± 9.13 U/d, p<0.001). There were no differences in glycemic variability indices (standard deviation, mean amplitude of glycemic excursion or coefficient of variation) between the two injection methods. Compared with NP, NFI did not increase the incidence of hypoglycemia (17.2% vs. 14.1%, p=0.774), and it decreased the incidence of induration (4.7% vs. 23.4%, p=0.002) and leakage (6.3% vs. 20.3%, p=0.022) while decreasing the pain visual analog scale score (2.30 ± 1.58 vs. 3.11 ± 1.40, p<0.001). NFI can improve PIR in patients with T2DM and be used with a smaller dose of insulin aspart 30 while maintaining the same hypoglycemic effect. https://www.chictr.org.cn/, identifier ChiCTR2400083658.

Does Attitude towards Grammar Affect High-Level Reading Comprehension Skills?

Grammar is a learning area that functionally contributes to effective language skills. The aim of grammar instruction is the acquisition of the four basic language skills based on Turkish language rules. Reading skill, a lingual comprehension skill, aims accurate structuring of the ideas of the author of a text by the reader. The present study aimed to determine the possible effects of the attitudes towards grammar on high-level reading comprehension skills (HLRCS) based on certain variables (gender, final Turkish language course grade, and parental education level). In the current quantitative study, data were collected with the Grammar Attitude Scale and the High-Level Reading Comprehension Test (HLRCT). The study group included 427 8th grade middle school students. In the study, the regression analysis conducted to determine the causality between the Grammar Attitude Scale and HLRCT scores, revealed significant findings. Grammar attitude explained 4% of the variation in the HLRCT scores. Grammar attitude improved the achievements in high-level reading comprehension.

Examining the Attitudes of Students in Secondary Education Towards Physical Education and Sports Class in Terms of Some Variables

The purpose of this study was to compare some variables like gender, class level, engaging in sports outside of the school, sports participation status of parents, having an indoor sports facility of students studying in Edirne province secondary schools by determining their attitudes towards Physical Education and Sports class. The sample of the study consisted of 1789 students from 7th grades (483 male, 480 female) and 8th grades (424 male and 402 female). To determine the attitudes of students towards physical education class ‘Physical Education Class Attitude Scale’ (PECAS) developed by Sherrin and Toulmin and adapted to Turkish by Özer and Aktop (2003) was used. Statistical analysis showed that there was a significant difference between gender, class level, engaging in sportive activities outside of the schools variables in terms of physical education attitude scale total score and there was no statistically significant difference between the scale scores of sports participation status of parents, and having an indoor sports facility variable. Attitude scale scores of male students were found to be higher than female students (p=0,05). Attitude scale scores of 7th grade students were found to be higher than 8th grade-students (p0,05). As a result, the results obtained from the current study indicate that the attitudes of secondary school students owards physical education class were affected by gender, class level and age. It can be concluded that these factors were recommended to be taken into consideration in planning physical education lessons by relevant institutions to increase the attitudes of students towards physical education class.

Assessment of disaster awareness and attitudes toward disasters among emergency and disaster management students at the Somali faculty of health sciences

Abstract Background: Disasters cause significant material and spiritual destruction within communities, resulting in significant damage to societal structures. Objective: This study aims to assess disaster awareness and attitudes toward disasters among emergency and disaster management students. Materials and Methods: This study included undergraduate students enrolled in the Department of Emergency and Disaster Management during the 2022–2023 academic year. A total of 85 students participated in this study and were contacted via an online Google form to assess their disaster awareness and attitudes toward disasters. The survey, consisting of a total of 23 items, was designed to assess participants’ cognitive, affective, and behavioral characteristics. Results: The study included 85 participants studying in the Emergency and Disaster Management department. Females made up 64.7% of the participants. The mean score of the responses given in the cognitive subfactor was 2.69 ± 0.56, the mean score of the responses given in the affective subfactor was 3.13 ± 0.47, and the mean score of the responses given in the behavioral subfactor was 2.67 ± 0.76. Conclusion: Having previously experienced a disaster, being male, belonging to a higher socio-economic class, and being older increase the average Disaster Attitude Scale score, and the increase in the average score indicates an increase in disaster awareness.

Determinants of an HIV Preventive Vaccine among a Highly Vulnerable Population: African American Men Who Have Sex with Men.

African American men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately impacted by HIV and may benefit from the development of an HIV vaccine. African American MSM are adversely affected by discrimination as a function of both their race and sexual behaviors. This may further increase the challenges associated with persuading them to adopt an HIV vaccine. Developing a knowledge base characterizing African American MSM HIV vaccine perceptions, attitudes, and concerns may help strengthen how healthcare providers and other health stakeholders describe and discuss the advent of an HIV vaccine. This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and intentions related to HIV vaccination among African American MSM. This study comprised 432 African American MSM, 18-64 years, residing in the United States. Vaccine intention was defined as how likely it is that an individual would adopt an HIV vaccine if a vaccine was available and it was 90% effective against HIV, easy to obtain, free, and had few side effects. Relative to African American MSM who intend to delay receiving an HIV vaccination, controlling for age, education, and income, early vaccine adopters who had received ≥ 2 COVID-19 vaccinations and who had high WHO HIV Vaccine Positive Attitude Scale scores were, respectively, 3.2 times and 2.4 times more likely to report the intention to vaccinate within one year. Early vaccine adopters were also 2.4 times more likely to feel that HIV prevention support discriminates against African American MSM. Those reporting three or more sexual partners and medical mistrust were, respectively, 60% and 59% more likely to report the intention to delay HIV vaccination. The lack of a knowledge base on HIV vaccine perceptions and acceptability is a missed opportunity to provide guidance on how stakeholders, such as health providers and policymakers, should address HIV vaccine hesitancy once this crucial vaccine is licensed. The key factors affecting vaccine adoption are valuable in developing and implementing campaigns to enhance the HIV vaccine coverage in this vulnerable population.

Determination of exercise attitudes of women of reproductive age in pregnancy

ObjectiveThis study was conducted to evaluate the exercise attitudes of women of reproductive age during pregnancy. MethodThe descriptive study was conducted with 326 women who applied to the gynecology outpatient clinics of a state hospital between September and November 2023. Data were collected with the "Personal Information Form" and "Exercise Attitudes in Pregnant Women Scale". Statistical analyses were analyzed at p < .05 significance level with the independent samples t test method. ResultsMost of the participants (85.6%) stated that they did not know the benefits of exercise during pregnancy and did not exercise during pregnancy (89.6%). The mean exercise attitude scale score of the participants was 135.42 ± 25.90. A significant difference was found between the participants' education level, exercising outside pregnancy, attending a pregnancy school, knowing the benefits of exercise during pregnancy and exercising during pregnancy and all sub-dimension scores (p < .05). ConclusionIn the study, it was observed that the participants had positive attitudes towards exercise during pregnancy, although their knowledge and behaviors were insufficient. Women's attitudes towards exercise should be determined by health professionals and women's positive attitudes, knowledge and behaviors should be improved by organizing trainings and exercise programs starting from pre-pregnancy.

Analysis of pre-service teachers' flow experience in educational drama practices and the effect of practices on attitudes toward creative drama courses

Aim: The analysis of the flow experience of pre-service teachers in educational drama practices and the effect of the practices on the attitude towards creative drama lessons reveal the purpose of the study. It is of great importance for physical education teachers to use creative drama practices as an effective teaching method in physical education and sports lessons, both in terms of their personal development and professional development. Method: The study was designed with a pre-test-post-test control group experimental design, one of the true experimental designs, and one of the quantitative research methods. In addition to the demographic information form, the "Flow Experience Scale" and "Attitude Scale towards Creative Drama Lessons" were applied to the participants as measurement tools. The distribution of the participant's demographic information was analyzed by frequency analysis. T-test independent groups analyzed the participants' pre-test and post-test scale scores, and the change in the pre-test and post-test scores of the scales according to demographic information was analyzed by t-test in independent groups and one-way analysis of variance. A regression model was tested to determine the effect of reason on anxiety. Analyses were performed with SPSS 20.0 software at a 95% confidence level. Findings and Conclusions: As a result, there was no significant difference between the attitude scale scores towards flow experience and creative drama course of the students participating in the research according to their age, gender, income level, place of residence, and activity type, and between the pre-tests and post-tests of the scales. However, a significant difference was detected between the pre-test and post-test scores of the flow experience scale anxiety sub-dimension and the flow sub-dimension of the academic achievement variable. In addition, although there was no significant difference in terms of the variables mentioned, it was noted that the flow experience flow and anxiety subscale scores were low. In contrast, the attitude scores towards the creative drama course were high.

Evidence-based practice attitudes and nutrition support guideline knowledge between holders and nonholders of the Certified Nutrition Support Clinician credential.

Clinical practice frequently changes, and professionals should stay abreast of evidence-based practice (EBP) guidelines. Negative attitudes towards EBP are a barrier to guideline adoption. This study explored EBP attitudes and knowledge of a complex nutrition support clinical case scenario of individuals holding or not holding the Certified Nutrition Support Clinician (CNSC) credential. This cross-sectional study used an online survey sent to American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) members with and without the CNSC credential and all CNSC credential holders from the National Board of Nutrition Support Certification email list. The survey included the Evidence-Based Practice Attitude Scale Score (EBPAS-15) and eight knowledge questions using a nutrition support case scenario. An independent samples t test compared knowledge and EBPAS-15 total scores and subscores between CNSC holders and nonholders. Pearson correlation determined the correlation between knowledge and EBPAS-15 scores. The response rate was 7.8% (N = 706). CNSC holders (n = 536) had significantly higher mean knowledge scores (4.7 ± 1.6 out of 8) than nonholders (n = 159, 4.1 ± 1.7) (P < 0.001). Total EBPAS-15 scores were not significantly different between CNSC holders (n = 542, 2.9 ± 0.4 out of 4) and nonholders (n = 164, 2.8 ± 0.7) (P = 0.434), and knowledge scores and total EBPAS-15 scores (P = 0.639) or subscores were not significantly correlated. Regardless of holding the CNSC credential, EBPAS-15 scores indicated respondents had positive EBP attitudes. CNSC holders had significantly higher knowledge scores of recent nutrition support EBP guidelines compared with non-CNSC credential holders. Positive EBP attitudes are a precursor to clinical decision-making, but future research should determine the use of guidelines in clinical practice.

Salivary apelin hormone response and dysfunctional attitudes in adolescents in Türkiye: a relational screening model

BackgroundAdolescence is the period in which physical and emotional changes occur through hormones, the individual acquires gender characteristics and prepares for the adult role psychologically and physically. Dysfunctional attitudes are beliefs and attitudes that can lead to depression by causing negative thoughts about oneself, others, and the future.Dysfunctional attitudes negatively affect children’s mental health. Hormones have a significant impact on human behavior and cognitive functions. However, little is known about the role and influence of hormones on dysfunctional attitudes. Apelin is a hormone responsible for controlling emotions by regulating emotional behavior. The level of dysfunctional attitudes is one of the important issues in nursing practice in terms of protecting and improving children’s mental health. However, little is known about the role and impact of hormones on dysfunctional attitudes.This study aimed to examine adolescents’ dysfunctional attitudes and salivary apelin hormone levels in terms of sociodemographic variables.MethodsThe study was conducted in a relational screening model with 151 adolescents aged 9–14 years who were reported to be clinically healthy in Türkiye. Apelin hormone levels were analyzed by ELISA technique in the saliva samples of the participants. In the evaluation of dysfunctional attitudes, the relationship between the score obtained from the dysfunctional attitude scale and salivary hormone levels was evaluated.ResultsIn the study, a negative, strong and statistically significant correlation was found between the average salivary apelin hormone level and dysfunctional attitudes of adolescents (p =.000). Mean salivary hormone levels of apelin in adolescent girls and boys were 0.696 (SD 0.052) ng/ml, respectively; while 0.671 (SD 0.047) ng/ml was determined (p =.002), dysfunctional attitudes scale scores were 52.95 (SD 14.43); it was determined as 59.04 (SD 14.22) (p =.006). On the other hand, the highest average salivary apelin hormone level (p =.038). and the lowest level of dysfunctional attitudes were determined in adolescent girls aged 13–14 years (p =.028).ConclusionsIn our study, we found that while the salivary apelin hormone levels of adolescents decreased, their dysfunctional attitudes increased. We found that adolescents’ dysfunctional attitudes decreased with age. In contrast, apelin hormone levels increased with age.

EVALUATION OF BODY COMPOSITION, NUTRITIONAL STATUS, AND EATING ATTITUDES OF MALE INDIVIDUALS BASED ON EXERCISE ADDICTION BEHAVIOR

In this study, we aimed to examine the body composition, supplement use and nutritional status of young adult males who attend the gym based on their level of exercise addiction. We also intended to determine if there was a link between exercise addiction and eating attitude. The study included 150 volunteers males aged 19 to 30 who had exercised at least three days a week for the last three months. Data were collected through a questionnaire containing questions about the general characteristics of individuals, an eating attitude test, an exercise addiction scale, and a food consumption record. The results of the exercise dependence scale showed that 23.3% of the participants were asymptomatic, 69.3% were non-dependent symptomatic, and 7.3% were addicts. 50% of individuals had an abnormal eating behavior disorder. There was a moderate positive correlation between exercise addiction and eating attitude scale scores (r=0.50 and p

Factors Contributing to the Comprehensive Use of Food Labels in Jordan

Food labels are low-cost, informational tools that can help curb the spread of diet-related non-communicable diseases. This study described consumers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to food labels in Jordan and explored the relationship between knowledge and attitude with comprehensive use of food labels. A cross-sectional, online survey assessed Jordanian adult consumers’ ability to comprehend the nutritional contents of food labels (knowledge score), their attitudes towards food labels (attitude scale), and how frequently they used different parts of food labels (practice scale). Multivariate logistic regression models assessed predictors of comprehensive use of food labels. A total of 939 adults participated in the study. Total mean scores for the practice scale (14 questions), attitude scale (8 questions), and knowledge score (4 questions) were 49.50 (SD, 11.36; min, 5; max, 70), 29.70 (SD, 5.23; min, 5; max, 40), and 1.39 (SD, 1.33; min, 0; max, 4), respectively. Comprehensive users of food labels (26.4%) were more likely female, responsible for grocery shopping, and had higher mean knowledge and attitude scores. Jordanian consumers seem to have good practices and attitudes related to food label use but suboptimal knowledge regarding content. Future interventions should focus more on enhancing knowledge and awareness related to food labels.

Investigation of the Relationship between Self-confidence Levels and Professional Attitudes among Nursing Department Students

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-confidence levels and professional attitudes of nursing students. &#x0D; Material and Method: The descriptive and correlational study was conducted with 533 nursing students at the Faculty of Health Sciences Nursing Department of Kafkas University between October 10 and November 5, 2022. Data collection tools were created on the internet using Google Forms and a link was created online. Data were collected using the "Identification Characteristics Question Form", "Self-Confidence Scale", and "Attitude Scale towards Nursing Profession", and analyzed by utilizing the IBM SPSS Statistics 28 package program.&#x0D; Results: The mean self-confidence score of nursing students participating in the study was 113.23 ± 28.40 and the mean attitude score towards the nursing profession was 153.93 ± 24.87. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the self-confidence scale scores and attitude scale scores towards the nursing profession of nursing students participating in the study was found to be 0.394. &#x0D; Conclusion: As a result, it was determined that nursing students participating in the study had moderate self-confidence and positive professional attitudes. In addition, a statistically significant moderate positive correlation was found between nursing students' self-confidence and their attitudes towards the nursing profession (p

Childhood Vaccine Attitude and Refusal among Turkish Parents.

We aimed to understand and resolve anti-vaccine attitudes by examining the factors associated with vaccine attitudes and exploring potential strategies to improve childhood vaccination rates. Between 2014 and 2021, a total of 628 families refused vaccination in Adiyaman. A total of 300 families accepted visits and were visited. During the visits, the families were administered a questionnaire to determine the reasons for vaccine rejection and their opinions on the matter. While providing general information about the vaccine, parents were encouraged to reconsider their decision, and at the end, parents completed the questionnaire. The questionnaire included sociodemographic questions, reasons for vaccine refusal, and a vaccine attitude scale. Among the participants in the study, 9.3% were convinced about the vaccine. The mean vaccine attitude scale score was calculated as 23.6 ± 2.5 (min = 15-max = 29). Significantly higher rates of persuasion were observed among fathers (17.3%) compared to mothers (7.7%) (p = 0.038). Participants who had received some vaccinations had a higher rate of persuasion (11.6%) compared to those who had not received any vaccinations (2.6%) (p = 0.02). Childhood vaccine refusal is a complex issue that has been the subject of numerous studies. Studies on this subject will increase awareness of vaccines.

Web-based training for future healthcare professionals who will care for elderly individuals with epilepsy receiving home care: A quasi-experimental study

ObjectiveThe need for home care for elderly people with epilepsy is increasing. This study aims to determine the knowledge and attitudes of the students and examine the effect of the web-based epilepsy education program given to health students who will care for elderly individuals with epilepsy receiving home care. MethodsThis quasi-experimental study with a control group pre-post-test research design was conducted with 112 students (intervention: 32/control: 80) studying in the Department of Health Care Services (home care, elderly care) in Turkey. The sociodemographic information form, Epilepsy Knowledge Scale, and Epilepsy Attitude Scale were used for data collection. Web-based training in three two-hour sessions focusing on the medical and social aspects of epilepsy was applied to the intervention group in this study. ResultsIt was found that the epilepsy knowledge scale score of the intervention group increased from 5.56 (±4.96) to 13.15 (±2.56), and the epilepsy attitude scale score increased from 54.12 (±9.73) to 62.31 (±7.07) after the training. After the training; there was a significant difference in all items except the 5th item in the knowledge scale and the 14th item in the attitude scale (p < 0.05). SignificanceIn the study; it has been found that the web-based epilepsy education program provided increases students’ knowledge and develops positive attitudes. This study will provide evidence for strategies to be developed to improve the quality of care for elderly patients with epilepsy who are cared for at home.

The Love Attitude that Influences One’s Happiness: The Relationship Between Love Attitude Scale Scores and Oxford Happiness Scores of Selected College Students

The COVID-19 pandemic wrought havoc upon many romantic relationships throughout the world. Since romantic love has been established as a source of happiness and that there are varying attitudes toward love, this study sought to ascertain whether differing love attitudes are associated with happiness. 116 romantically involved participants volunteered to be the respondents of this study. They were 2nd year college students of a private school in Marikina City, Philippines. The Love Attitudes Scale: Short form or L.A.S. was administered to measure the 6 love attitudes of the respondents, namely (1) Eros or passionate love, (2) Ludus or game-playing love, (3) Storge or friendship love, (4) Pragma or practical love, (5) Mania or possessive, dependent love and (6) Agape or altruistic love. On the other hand, the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire was administered to measure the respondents’ degree of happiness. The findings revealed that the respondents’ highest love attitude is Eros or passionate love while Ludus or game-playing love is the lowest. In addition, the respondents’ Oxford happiness scores indicated that the respondents were only slightly happy. A significant low positive relationship between the respondents’ Pragma love attitude scores and Oxford happiness scores was found. This implies that among the 6 love attitudes, only the respondents’ Pragma love attitude score has a significant relationship with their Oxford happiness score, and that as one increases, the other slightly increases and vice-versa. Keywords: Love Attitudes Scale, Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, Love, Happiness, COVID-19