Tolerant Attitude Research Articles

Educational Communication Based on Qur’ānic Religious Pluralism in Increasing Religious Moderation of Muslim Students in Indonesia

Religious intolerance is relatively high among students, affecting 30% to 50%. In this context, alternative learning models are offered and tested to counter student prejudice and religious intolerance. Therefore, this research aimed to provide an educational communication model based on Qur’ānic Religious Pluralism as a preventive solution to increasing religious moderation of Muslim students. A qualitative approach was used to draft the model, and in-depth interviews were conducted with students having the highest and lowest religious moderation scores. The quantitative approach used a quasi-experimental method to measure the effectiveness of the model and the analysis of the draft was achieved through Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Furthermore, quantitative data analysis used descriptive statistics as percentages (%). After eight interventions (8x100 minutes), the questionnaire was distributed and the profile of religious moderation was compared before and after the model trials (October and December 2023). Data was analyzed using comparative techniques between post and pre-test, specifically IBM SPSS Statistics 24 with Paired Samples. The results showed that the educational communication model based on Qur’ānic Religious Pluralism effectively prevented religious prejudice while increasing substantive moderation in Muslim students (t = 18.75 significant at alpha .01). Most respondents had negative religious prejudices but cultivated tolerant attitudes after college. In the context of the implication, an educational communication model based on Qur’ānic Religious Pluralism in IRE was highly recommended. However, future research must consider the causes of consistent negative religious prejudice among a few students, even though lectures were attended using a similar learning model.

Pendidikan Pancasila Sebagai Upaya Membentuk Sikap Toleransi Dalam Masyarakat

Pancasila education in Indonesia aims to shape the character of a diverse society into a cohesive unity with a focus on the value of tolerance in a multicultural community. This article examines the role of Pancasila education in promoting a tolerant attitude amidst a culturally diverse society, with values such as social justice, unity, equality, and cooperation as the foundation of harmony amidst differences. Studies also indicate the potential to strengthen tolerance values through intercultural interactions, such as in the activity of hunting for takjil, which symbolizes togetherness among various community groups. By strengthening the understanding of Pancasila values, society can be more open and appreciative of differences, creating harmonious intercultural relationships.

Adaptive sliding mode and RBF neural network based fault tolerant attitude control for spacecraft with unknown uncertainties and disturbances

Taking the external disturbance, model uncertainty, actuator failure, and actuator saturation into consideration, this paper investigates the nonlinear fault-tolerant attitude control problem for the spacecraft. First, to deal with the disturbance and uncertainty with unknown boundaries, an adaptive sliding mode control method is proposed to stabilize the state variables of the spacecraft attitude control system. Then the actuator failure and saturation are further considered, and the second spacecraft fault-tolerant attitude controller is derived based on adaptive sliding mode control and radial basis function (RBF) neural networks. The adaptive control gains reduction technique is applied in the design process, which can weaken the chattering phenomenon of the controller to some extent, and the stability of the attitude control system is analyzed through Lyapunov theory. In the proposed controller, model information and external disturbance are not required and only the system states are needed. Furthermore, the boundaries of the model uncertainty, external disturbance, actuator fault and saturation are assumed to be existing but unknown by the proposed controllers. These features make the proposed attitude controllers need few modeling information of the spacecraft, or maintain strong robustness even if the model or external environment occurs significant changes. Finally, numerical simulations demonstrate the great performance of the proposed fault-tolerant attitude control method.

THE PRACTICE OF PROVIDING PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSISTANCE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF THE THIRD AGE AND HUMANITARIAN CENTER FOR UKRAINIAN REFUGEES IN SLOVAKIA

Relevance. Universities of the third age (U3A) are institutions aimed at the post-labor socialization of the older generation, aimed at realizing the idea of "Education throughout life", which, unfortunately, have not become particularly widespread in Ukraine. All the more interesting is the experience of creating such an institution at the beginning of the war by Ukrainian specialists who ended up in Slovakia, and the generalization of the features of their interdisciplinary work on psychological support and social therapy of elderly Ukrainian refugees who are abroad. Methodology. As part of the implementation of the project "Social and psychological assistance for children and adults" on the initiative of the NGO "League of Mental Health" (Slovakia), a University of the Third Age for elderly refugees from Ukraine was established in the city of Gabchykovo. Its activity is based on interdisciplinary, person-oriented and integrative approaches and principles of trust, mutual assistance, tolerant attitude towards the elderly. Sample: 15 people aged 62 - 80 years. Methods. The Spielberger-Khanin (1976) method, conversations, individual, couple, group consultations, occupational therapy, art therapy, social and educational therapy for the elderly; intergenerational programming program for children and the elderly. The results. During the 5 months of work of the team of specialists at U3A, a favorable psychological climate was created; adaptation of the elderly to existence in a local foreign-language environment was carried out; their family conflicts were resolved; integrative classes for the elderly with children were implemented in the center for refugees, which contributed to the development of tolerance and mutual understanding between the two generations. These measures ensured a reduction in the manifestations of stress and anxiety of the study participants, and the steady development of the cognitive and creative spheres of the elderly participants of the U3A.

TOLERANCE AS A CONDITION FOR THE SUCCESS OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION

The aim of the study. Currently, about 500 million people in the world are officially recognized as disabled due to intellectual, physical or sensory disorders. 17% of them are disabled children. The purpose of the study was to study the characteristics of tolerant and intolerant attitudes towards inclusive communities in the participants of the educational process. Methodology. A modification of the Bogardus social distance test was applied (in the version proposed by L. Pochebut). The participants were 25 parents of normtypical children aged 6-10 years and 20 master's students - psychologists from the city of Lviv. In order to create inclusive communities, it is advisable to study those social groups whose representatives are discriminated against in society and what their behavior is perceived as acceptable, questionable and unacceptable. Results. During the study of the participants of the educational system, the presence of prejudices against national minorities and children with special educational needs was revealed. The level of tolerance was higher among parents than among psychologists. They had zero tolerance for violence. Fights between children were perceived by parents as partially acceptable behavior. Therefore, when creating an inclusive school community, it is necessary to start with the training of specialists - psychologists and teachers, without stopping informing parents.

Pengembangan Sikap Toleransi Siswa Melalui Pembelajaran PKN Di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Wonosobo

Character education is education that develops character values in students so that they have values and character as their character, apply these values in their lives, as members of society, and citizens who are religious, nationalist, productive and creative. "Character education is an inseparable part of the learning process because character education is the learning process itself."The education program at MAN 1 Wonosobo can play a role in training efforts to tolerate various students, one of which is through PKN learning at the school. Young people's personalities have to make many decisions and adapt to their social life. Young people must have the courage to make decisions, solve problems and reach decisions for themselves and others. 1. This research discusses the development of an attitude of tolerance through PKN learning at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Wonosobo, whereas in this research the focus is on the following points: What is the concept of student tolerance in PKN learning at MAN 1 Wonosobo? 2. What methods do teachers use to develop students' tolerance through PKN learning at MAN 1 Wonosobo? 3. How is the implementation of developing students' attitudes of tolerance through PKN learning at MAN 1 Wonosobo? From the problem formulation, the results of this research resulted in the first discussion. The concept of students' tolerance through PKN learning at MAN 1 Wonosobo consists of 3 concepts, namely: mutual respect and respect between each other, not violating norms, and not being hostile between friends, secondly, the method used by the teacher In developing students' attitudes of tolerance through PKN learning at MAN 1 Wonosobo, the teacher uses 4 methods, including the lecture method, group discussion method, quiz method, thirdly, the implementation of developing students' tolerance attitudes through PKN learning at MAN 1 Wonosobo, the teacher prepares the materials, methods and learning media.

PLURALITAS BUDAYA BERAGAMA MAHASISWA; PENDEKATAN KURIKULUM PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM

Pluralism is both a hope and a challenge for some groups, especially in terms of detailed differences. While religious differences have become a long topic of discussion resulting in a formulation of harmony between religious communities, what is more detailed is the differences in religious culture within Muslims. This research describes the religious cultural model of students at STAI Muhammadiyah Probolinggo based on the Muhammadiyah and NU religious groups. The object of this research is students at the Probolinggo Muhammadiyah college whose student population is dominated by representation of two large community organization groups in Indonesia, namely Muhammadiyah and Nahdlatul Ulama'. Data was obtained from direct observations and student answers in the mid-semester exam for the multicultural PAI course regarding students' attitudes towards viewing differences in other religious cultures. The results of the analysis found that students who have different religious cultures from other groups have a tolerant attitude but still have an ethnocentric attitude. So, through the multicultural Islamic Religious Education curriculum, it is necessary to thoroughly instill the ideology of multiculturalism and pluralism in students as a form of higher education's efforts to direct students to become agents of change in a peaceful and humanist civilization.

Religious Literacy Reinforcement-Based Tolerance Education: A Didactic Reflection Method on Islamic Religious Education Through Action Research

Efforts to foster an attitude of religious tolerance in students within an educational setting relies on the reinforcement of literacy skills. This emphasis is grounded in the recognition that a genuine appreciation and respect for religious diversity are more likely to thrive within a literate society. Therefore, this research sets out to explore strategies for enhancing literacy skills through the prism of Islamic religious education (PAI, Pendidikan Agama Islam) course with the specific goal of fostering a climate of tolerance. Action Research was adopted as the research design, involving a sequential through three distinct phases: pre-action analysis, action implementation and post-action analysis. This research was conducted in a university in West Java by involving 120 participants, evenly distributed between 60 male and 60 female students. The outcome of this research delineates a structured framework comprising six pivotal stages of learning, in the acronym TADBIR. This framework serves as a strategic blueprint for religious literacy initiatives that employ a profound influence on the cultivation of religious tolerance. The TADBIR framework encompasses the following steps: Teaching the Tolerance Value, Analyzing Tolerance Verses, Discovering Solutions, Behavioring, Influencing and Reflection. The implementation of this TADBIR framework yielded a notable increase in religious tolerance toward a positive direction. This research concludes the pedagogical approach encapsulated in the TADBIR acronym is effective in enhancing religious tolerance among students with effectiveness score of 81.56%. The main contribution of this paper is how to map students' religious tolerance attitudes. Through an action research approach, this research tries to pioneer practical steps that can guide educational practitioners in increasing attitudes of religious tolerance through strengthening religious literacy.

Shaping the Character of Early Childhood: Teacher Strategies for Improving Emotional Regulation in Early Childhood at Tunas Pancasila Krasakageng Kindergarten

This research is motivated by the problems faced by children who basically have varying emotional levels. Early childhood is faced with the demand to learn to control their own emotions from an early age. The aim of this research is to understand how emotional regulation occurs in young children in Group B1 at the Tunas Pancasila Krasakageng Kindergarten and why emotional regulation can occur in children. This research also aims to identify the strategies used by teachers to improve emotional regulation abilities in early childhood. This research uses a qualitative method with a case study type of research. This research was conducted on 23-24 November 2023 at the Tunas Pancasila Krasakageng Kindergarten in Group B1. The subjects of this research were the school principal, homeroom teacher and Group B1 children. Data collection techniques were carried out using observation, interviews and documentation methods. Data analysis was carried out by condensing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. Meanwhile, the data validity test used is triangulation of techniques and sources. The results of this research are that there are still children who have not implemented emotional regulation well and have not been able to control their emotions independently. The teacher's strategy for improving emotional regulation in young children in Group B1 of the Tunas Pancasila Krasakageng Kindergarten is: (1) The teacher calms the child if the child shows emotion, 2) Provides examples of how to overcome disappointment and tension in the child. (3) Provides positive rewards. in children when they are able to behave well. (4) The teacher provides a calm and comfortable atmosphere for learning activities. (5) Teaches children to play supportively. (6) Teachers establish good communication with children without discriminating, (7) Introduce students to an attitude of tolerance

Aktualisasi Nilai-Nilai Moderasi Beragama dalam Buku Pelajaran Al-Qur’an Hadis Madrasah Ibtidaiyah

The plural and multicultural reality of Indonesia requires a moderate and tolerant attitude in religion. The values of religious moderation must be taught from school age and actualized in learning and daily life. This study aims to describe the actualization of religious moderation values contained in the Quran Hadith textbook at the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah level. This research is a literature research with the object of the research of the Quran Hadith textbooks from grade 3 to grade 6 which teach short letters from the Quran. Data analysis uses interpretative with contextual interpretation of Quranic verses. The results showed that the values of religious moderation contained in the MI Quran Hadith book are values of Civilization (Ta'addub), Exemplary (Qudwah), Citizenship and nationality (Muwaṭanah), Taking the middle way (Tawassuṭ), Balanced (Tawāzun), Straight and firm (I'tidāl), Equality (Musāwah), Deliberation (Syūra), Tolerance (Tasāmuh), and Dynamic and innovative (Tathawwur wa Ibtikâr). The actualization of religious moderation values for MI students is through contextualizing values in learning and instilling moderation values in social media. The development of information technology is followed by the entry of various cultures and ideologies that sometimes conflict with religious teachings, therefore the value of moderation must be actualized in every child's daily activities.

Fostering Religious Tolerance in Students through Children's Spirituality (CSE) Education

This article aims to explore the Islam-based Children's Spirituality Education (CSE) model in forming students' religious tolerance. This research employs qualitative research incorporating literature study and interviews with numerous teachers teaching religion subject. The research results show that there are four principles of the Islamic CSE model that play a crucial role in strengthening students' religious tolerance, including; 1) respect for other people's beliefs, 2) building a logical, rational and inclusive way of thinking, 3) a spirit of seeking the truth and respecting different truths, and 4) building a spirit of religious moderation and living peacefully side by side with religious beliefs. The advantage of this model lies in its holistic and diverse approach to shaping students' spirituality and recognizing spiritual, emotional, social and cognitive dimensions as an integral part of individual development. The positive implications for Islamic Religious Education include actualizing children's potential according to the principles of Islamic spirituality, supporting the goals of spiritual and moral education, and stimulating understanding of the levels of spirituality in Islam. This model is an effective means of implementing an attitude of tolerance towards non-Muslims through an inclusive and respectful approach towards other beliefs.

Jihad Dalam Bingkai Multikulturalisme Perspektif Pendidikan Islam Di Papua Barat Daya

The objectives of this research are determine the perception of Jihad within the frame of Multiculturalism for the people of Southwest Papua. The dedication method used is quantitative. The data collection procedures are the application of teaching methods, interviews, observation and documentation. Then, in collecting data using analysis instruments on the results of applying the method, data analysis is quantitative/statistical in nature which aims to test the hypotheses that have been set. According to several figures in Southwest Papua, the perception of jihad in the frame of multiculturalism is: a) Jihad prevents radicalism through the application of the Islamic teachings of Rahmatan Lil'alamin. b) Jihad by Optimizing Religious Dialogue in Society. c) Optimizing the Introduction and Application of Multicultural Education in society. Then, the role of religious figures, educators and parents in the multicultural jihad in the Southwest Papua region, namely: a) As educators. The role of educators is always to teach a tolerant attitude to society and provide an understanding of Islam that is rahmatan lil alamin. b) As a Motivator. Their role in providing motivation by religious and educational leaders to prevent the emergence of the seeds of radicalism in society is carried out in a variety of ways according to the needs and material to be presented. c) As Demonstrator. that teachers in the Southwest Papua region have really mastered the Islamic Religious Education material

Kajian Teologis Tentang Moderasi Beragama dalam Pandangan Paulus

This article examines the Apostle Paul's views on religious moderation, revealed through an analysis of his letters in the New Testament. Paul had main goals, including building unity in diversity, teaching attitudes of love and forgiveness, advancing the principles of faith as a connector, encouraging attitudes of tolerance, and spreading the teachings of Christ inclusively. This article explains how Paul guides the Christian community to live in harmony, respect, and embrace diversity in the Christian faith.

Maximum consensus model with individual tolerance and mixed DEA prospect cross-efficiency for multi-attribute group decision-making

Experts are mostly not completely rational, and they generally exhibit different psychological attitudes and behaviors in multi-attribute group decision-making (MAGDM), which may lead to actual decisions deviating from the results obtained by traditional objective methods. Therefore, it is reasonable and necessary to capture individual tolerance and risk attitudes of experts when dealing with MAGDM problems. To achieve this intention, we design a MAGDM method that combines the maximum consensus model with individual tolerance and mixed DEA prospect cross-efficiency. In the consensus reaching process (CRP), we devise a maximum consensus model with individual tolerance, which can achieve a high consensus level with limited expert tolerance. In the selection process, we first define the prospect aggressive and benevolent cross-efficiency functions. Then, a mixed DEA prospect cross-efficiency ranking method is proposed, which reflects the attitudes of DMs (decision-makers) towards losses and gains. Moreover, this method avoids DMs’ hesitation and trouble in choosing between aggressive and benevolent DEA models. Subsequently, the algorithm and framework for the MAGDM method based on individual tolerance and risk attitude are proposed. Finally, the applicability of our method can be validated by an illustrative example. Sensitivity analysis and comparative analysis are supplied to indicate the rationality and superiority of our developed method.

Suicide across time and cultures: from a philosophical debate to network analysis

Introduction Suicide is a multifaceted subject that encompasses a broad spectrum of perspectives, spanning philosophy, the arts, social sciences, neuroscience, neuropsychiatry, and public health. The history of suicide is intricately intertwined with the history of humanity itself, and examining the shifting attitudes towards suicide holds significant implications for the field of suicide prevention.ObjectivesThe objective of this paper is to offer a timeline of the social perspectives about suicidal behavior throughout history in order to showcase the influence of cultural and contextual factors.MethodsThis poster is based on the Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) “Focus on Suicidal Behaviour” provided by the European Psychiatric Association. We performed a brief overview of the chapter on history of suicide and updated data on this topic with recent literature findings.ResultsIn antiquity, suicide was sometimes regarded as justifiable, whether to preserve honor or protest injustices. However, during the Middle Ages, suicide was primarily seen as a criminal act, violating the rules of the Christian religion. The Renaissance brought about a shift in the perception of suicide, as it began to be depicted in art as a heroic or philosophical act. Moving into the Romantic period, suicide took on a tragic and noble connotation, often seen as an escape from unbearable suffering.The 19th century marked a significant turning point when the social context started being recognized as a crucial factor in the development of suicidal behavior. In the 20th century, suicide was increasingly considered a public health problem. In the 21st century, the discourse on suicide has become multifaceted. On one hand, network analysis has enabled the development of an integrated model of suicide, emphasizing the complex interactions among various risk and protective factors. On the other hand, ethical and moral debates persist regarding assisted suicide and its indications.This summary primarily centers on the historical context of suicide within Europe. However, attitudes toward suicide vary significantly across cultures. For instance, in China, suicide rates are higher for women than for men, while Japan has historically displayed a relatively tolerant attitude toward suicide, particularly within the military. In contrast, Islamic countries consider suicide a major sin and implicitly associate it with stigma.Conclusions The understanding of suicide evolves over time and is deeply influenced by cultural contexts. Familiarizing ourselves with the historical perspectives on suicide is essential for comprehending this complex social and personal phenomenon. Such knowledge forms the foundation for the creation of effective prevention strategies.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Development of a Scale to Measure Tolerance Toward Diverse Others1

AbstractOpportunities to interact with people from different cultures and languages have increased as society has become more globalized. Hence, it has become increasingly important for people living in today's international society to accept and try to build trusting relationships with those who may perceive the world differently. This study aimed to develop a scale to measure people's tolerant attitudes toward diverse others (hereafter, tolerance toward diverse others). Furthermore, after confirming the newly developed scale's reliability and validity, we used it to examine its associations with general trust and cultural interdependent self‐construal. Albeit exploratively, we then discuss the relationships among these variables. Our results showed that scores on the newly developed Tolerance of Diverse Others Scale were positively correlated with scores on the General Trust Scale and also with scores on tolerance‐related items in the World Values Survey. Furthermore, the harmony‐seeking aspect of cultural interdependent self‐construal was positively correlated with tolerance toward diverse others, while the rejection‐avoidance aspect was negatively correlated, although the positive correlation between harmony seeking and rejection avoidance was shown. We discuss what the results suggest about Japanese individuals' perceptions of diverse others.

Strengthening the Value of Religious Moderation in the Era of Society 5.0

Indonesian people who are multi-religious are prone to act intolerantly towards religious people and do not use religion as an inspiration in social life but as an aspiration. In addition to an understanding of religious moderation in a multicultural society, Indonesia is faced with the challenges of the 5.0 era of society. where people experience changes to a new life based on information technology. The purpose of this study is to obtain an overview of religious moderation. In addition, this research also aims to provide insights related to strengthening religious moderation amid an information society in the era of Society 5.0. This study used a qualitative approach using library research. The results show that strengthening religious moderation cannot be separated from the value of tolerance. The era of society 5.0 is increasingly open to information about various kinds of different views and understandings of religion. It takes an attitude of tolerance both passively and actively. Passive tolerance is carried out with an attitude of respect, and respect for differences, while tolerance is active, namely communicating both in the real world and the virtual (digital) world, building togetherness, and collaborating in the life of Society 5.0.

ISLAMIC TOLERANCE: CONCEPTUALITY, CONTEXTUALITY, PRACTICE

The article examines the phenomenon of Islamic tolerance in the context of the value-based cultural paradigm of Islam. Based on sociological studies of the Arab Barometer of Public Opinion of Muslims living in the countries of the Islamic world, the interpretation of tolerance as a key value is given. The authors provide respondents' opinions on problematic issues related to Islamic identity and gender issues. The authors believe that Islamic tolerance is a multifaceted phenomenon that includes spirituality, moral imperatives, and a philosophy of mutual understanding. The article reveals the importance of tolerance for developing dialogue in interfaith relations. The Arab Barometer is a marker of the level of Islamic tolerance. The significance of Islamic tolerance lies in its formation of ideological and tolerant attitudes.

PENANAMAN NILAI-NILAI MULTIKULTURAL MELALUI PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA PGRI 2 LAWANG

Indonesia is a pluralistic country because its own citizens consist of a variety of ethnicities, religions, languages, cultures, and different beliefs because of the many diversities that often many conflicts occur. So religious education is needed to create an attitude of tolerance, respect, and understanding. SMP PGRI 2 Lawang is a public educational institution with a lot of diversity in its students. For this reason, Islamic Religious Education is needed to foster multicultural values. This research aims to find out the multicultural values at SMP PGRI 2 Lawang through Islamic Religious Education and to find out the supporting and inhibiting conditions for the cultivation of multicultural values at SMP PGRI 2 Lawang through Islamic Religious Education. Qualitative research is the method used in this study. In collecting data, researchers used observation, interviews, and documentation. In analyzing the data, researchers used data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. Testing the validity of the research data, researchers used triangulation and extended observation.

Religious Conflict Management: A Study on the Ansor Youth Movement and Muhammadiyah in Lamongan, Indonesia

Violence in the name of religion continues to sprout within Indonesian society. This article aims to describe the religious conflict resolution model of the NU Ansor Youth Movement and the Muhammadiyah Youth of the Paciran Lamongan Branch. This research employs a qualitative method with a sociological approach to religion, and data collection was conducted through interviews and the study of relevant literature. The findings of this study indicate that: 1) Both the NU Ansor Youth Movement and Muhammadiyah Youth reject violent models of preaching. 2) There is a difference in attitude towards perpetrators of violence, where the NU Ansor Youth Movement tends to adopt a non-accommodative firm stance, unequivocally rejecting and insisting that perpetrators of violence must be punished according to legal statutes, whereas Muhammadiyah Youth exhibits a firm-accommodative attitude, sternly condemning acts of violence but remaining willing to embrace and invite the perpetrators back to a tolerant and inclusive understanding. 3) The media of resolution employed include issuing advisory letters, press releases to the media, dialogues among community elements, conveying deradicalization insights through religious study sessions (Yasinan and Tahlilan), and the formation of Densus 99 Anti-Terror. 4) The conflict resolution model consists of two stages: long-term, aiming to build cadre awareness of the importance of a tolerant attitude and peaceful living through education, training, social and economic empowerment, ideological development, and the distribution of cadres to the public domain; and short-term, wherein preaching programs are executed sporadically and reactively at the time or after acts of violence to prevent the expansion and escalation of conflict.