Men's Attitudes Research Articles

Women and the Politics of Incivility and Discrimination: Introduction

Women and the Politics of Incivility and Discrimination: Introduction

Investigation of University Students Attitudes Towards Healthy Eating in Terms of Some Variables

The aim of this study is to examine the attitudes of university students towards healthy eating in terms of some variables. 322 students (170 male, 152 female) from Bartın University Faculty of Sports Sciences and Health Services Vocational School participated in the study. "Attitude Scale Towards Healthy Eating" developed by Tekkurşun Demir and Cicioğlu (2019) and a personal data form were used as data collection tools in the research. SPSS 20 package program was used in the analysis of the data. In the analysis of normally distributed data, the Independent Samples T test was used in pairwise comparison, and the significance level was taken as p<0.05. When the gender and attitude scores and sub-dimensions of the groups participating in the study were examined, it was found that men's attitudes towards healthy eating, feelings about nutrition and positive nutrition scores were higher than women, but there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p>.05). When the variable of taking the nutrition lesson of the groups and the scores and sub-dimensions of the attitudes towards healthy nutrition were examined, it was determined that the students who took the nutrition lesson had higher attitude levels towards healthy nutrition, but there was no statistically significant difference (p>.05). There was no statistical difference between the department variable and the scores of attitudes towards healthy eating, and between the sub-dimensions of knowledge about nutrition, feeling towards nutrition and malnutrition (p>.05), but a statistical difference was found between the groups in the sub-dimension of positive nutrition (p<.05). As a result, the gender of the participants and the variable of taking a nutrition course do not affect the attitude towards healthy eating, while the section variable causes a difference in the positive nutrition sub-dimension. Keywords: Healthy diet, University students, Gender

Understanding family planning decision-making: perspectives of providers and community stakeholders from Istanbul, Turkey

BackgroundA number of factors may determine family planning decisions; however, some may be dependent on the social and cultural context. To understand these factors, we conducted a qualitative study with family planning providers and community stakeholders in a diverse, low-income neighborhood of Istanbul, Turkey.MethodsWe used purposeful sampling to recruit 16 respondents (eight family planning service providers and eight community stakeholders) based on their potential role and influence on matters related to sexual and reproductive health issues. Interviews were audio-recorded with participants' permission and subsequently transcribed in Turkish and translated into English for analysis. We applied a multi-stage analytical strategy, following the principles of the constant comparative method to develop a codebook and identify key themes.ResultsResults indicate that family planning decision-making—that is, decision on whether or not to avoid a pregnancy—is largely considered a women’s issue although men do not actively object to family planning or play a passive role in actual use of methods. Many respondents indicated that women generally prefer to use family planning methods that do not have side-effects and are convenient to use. Although women trust healthcare providers and the information that they receive from them, they prefer to obtain contraceptive advice from friends and family members. Additionally, attitude of men toward childbearing, fertility desires, characteristics of providers, and religious beliefs of the couple exert considerable influence on family planning decisions.ConclusionsNumerous factors influence family planning decision-making in Turkey. Women have a strong preference for traditional methods compared to modern contraceptives. Additionally, religious factors play a leading role in the choice of the particular method, such as withdrawal. Besides, there is a lack of men’s involvement in family planning decision-making. Public health interventions should focus on incorporating men into their efforts and understanding how providers can better provide information to women about contraception.

Women empowerment through entrepreneurship: case study of a social entrepreneurial intervention in rural India

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore how social entrepreneurship empowers women and how it influences the existing gender based intersectionalities in the society. This paper is based on a single case study of a social entrepreneurial startup called “Pahal,” which used social entrepreneurial strategies to encourage women to engage in economic activities, which helped them in gaining economic empowerment.Design/methodology/approachThe researcher alongside the social entrepreneur visited the field for eight months from August 2016 to March 2017 and interviewed multiple stakeholder-employees (as partners) of the social enterprise. This study was done by conducting interviews with all the stakeholders in all the three social entrepreneurial phases, i.e. pre-Pahal, during-Pahal and after-Pahal. The interviews and observations were recorded and analysed using social entrepreneurial lens and intersectionality.Findings“Pahal Initiative” – is a social entrepreneurial intervention that helped the women in the household to start a food delivery business with the support of the social entrepreneur. Consequently, women gained confidence and self-respect. The attitude of men in the household changed when the women in the household generated additional income. It impacted their position and status which led to an increase in their participation in decision-making in the household and economic independence. The women become more interactive and expressive in a predominantly patriarchal household. Within one year, the entrepreneur had to stop the Pahal initiative. Then, this study observed and recorded that this event curtailed the economic activities undertaken by the women in their village and their social status reverted to what it was before the initiative.Practical implicationsFirst, social entrepreneurial strategies lead to economic value creation and lead overall socio-economic gains. Second, social entrepreneurial strategies address the problems of patriarchy and gender discrimination. Third, economic activities undertaken by women changed the social perceptions of the family members towards women in the families.Social implicationsFrom this case study, one observes that social entrepreneurship has a strong potential to bring about social and economic change. This study helps policymakers and non-governmental organisations to solve poverty and gender discrimination related problems using social entrepreneurial strategies.Originality/valueThis study uses social entrepreneurial intervention to understand and bring about change in the socio-economic status of women in rural India. This study uses an intersectionality lens to make sense of the data, reality and reflects on how intersectional positions are altered when women are economically empowered either through training or through a proper organisation or both.

Using in‐depth interviews to explore perceptions and opinions in men's skin care

AbstractAffective and behavior‐based research on men's personal care products has not been abundant in published research. As the market for men's personal care products grows, specifically the skin care category, more research is required to better understand this consumer group. Eighteen in‐depth interviews with male consumers ages 18–49 were conducted with light and heavy users in two markets, Olathe, KS and Los Angeles, CA, to understand baseline information on men's perceptions, opinions, beliefs, and attitudes related to skin care. Key take‐aways included that men generally appreciate easy, fast skin care routines, use affordable and readily available products, and desire to maintain the look and/or health of their skin. Though some skin care claims can be appealing, many of the men were somewhat skeptical of typical marketing strategies. These findings help to show how brands are succeeding and failing at meeting male consumer expectations of skin care products and demonstrate the need for more exploration into this demographic.Practical ApplicationsThe available, published resources on men's skin care, and personal care as a whole, are few and far between. This work provides a qualitative example of personal care research in the men's skin care space. By presenting this primary research on how men talk about and interact with skin care products, sensory scientists will have a baseline understanding of the category before diving into more specific research questions. The manuscript provides a foundation on which future sensory and consumer research can build.

Gender differences in perceived risk of COVID-19.

ObjectiveWe examine gender‐based differences in perceived risks related to COVID‐19.MethodsWe analyze published findings from COVID‐related research on beliefs and attitudes about the health risks posed by the pandemic. We also design and administer a pair of online survey experiments (n = 502) to test if and how responsive men's attitudes are to information about male‐specific risks.ResultsAcross 16 studies, men consistently express lower perceived risk of contracting COVID‐19 and less concern about the potential health consequences if they were to catch it. Our experimental results are mixed: Results for one information treatment indicate that men report greater relative risk of adverse outcomes. Men in one of the risk information treatments express less concern for their health if they were to contract the disease. Risk perceptions are positively correlated with self‐reported propensity toward protective behaviors.ConclusionOur review of recent studies finds a small‐but‐consistent gap in men and women's beliefs about their health risks related to the present pandemic. These risk beliefs are crucial determinants of whether individuals take protective measures. Our experimental results suggest that informing men of male‐specific risks associated with COVID‐19 can reduce their risk perceptions and perceptions of risk and widen the gap between men and women's perceptions.

Jacques Ellul: A Companion to His Major Works

Jacques Ellul: A Companion to His Major Works

Exploring the Impact of Offering an Undergraduate Lactation Elective Course as a Strategy for Normalizing Breastfeeding

BackgroundMore breastfeeding interventions targeting female and male undergraduates before they become parents are needed to foster accurate breastfeeding knowledge, positive attitudes toward breastfeeding, and a greater intent to breastfeed. This study aimed to assess the impact of completing a lactation elective course on undergraduates' breastfeeding knowledge, attitudes, and intention.MethodsPre- and postcourse surveys were administered to 96 undergraduates from various majors enrolled in a lactation elective.ResultsFrom pre- to postcourse, this study found significant increases in undergraduates' breastfeeding knowledge, attitudes, and intent.ConclusionsBecause most undergraduates in the United States become parents only after graduation, universities have an opportunity to foster the knowledge and attitudes needed to breastfeed successfully. As breastfeeding knowledge and attitudes in men and women are strong predictors of breastfeeding intent, initiation, and duration, offering undergraduate lactation elective courses is a promising strategy to improve future parents' breastfeeding knowledge, attitudes, and intention, helping to normalize breastfeeding and improve breastfeeding rates.

A Survey of Knowledge and Attitudes of Men Over 40 Years Old in Meybod about Andropause

Introduction: Menopause is a natural aging process that occurs due to decreased production of testosterone. As the population ages, andropause is becoming a serious health problem. Due to the limited studies on andropause in Iran and the unfamiliarity of men with this concept, a study was conducted to investigate the knowledge and attitudes of men over 40 years old in Meybod about andropause. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 400 men over 40 years of age. Sampling was cluster sampling and data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire, and then analyzed by analysis of variance, Pearson correlation test and regression test in SPSS software version 18. Results: Based on the results of the study, men's knowledge about andropause was low and their attitude was negative and the mean score of participants' knowledge about andropause by age groups (P <0.05), education (P <0.05) and occupation (P <0.05 was significant and the mean score of their attitude towards andropause was significant in terms of age groups (P <0.05) and occupation (P <0.05) but in terms of education (P> 0.05). ) did not make sense. According to Pearson correlation coefficient, there is a statistically significant relationship between the mean score of knowledge and the score of attitude. Conclusion: The knowledge of men in Meybod about andropause is low and their attitude is negative and they need more education about andropause.

New Books in English on Chinese Corporeality

The modern development of China is of great interest to researchers from all over the world. Every year a great number of different monographs on different aspects of this country's history, economy, politics and culture appear. In this analysis of contemporary literature in English we decided to choose several monographs devoted to the issues of corporeality in China. The 20th century proved to be, in a great extent, a decisive period for the development of China. During this period many events took place, but most importantly, China was transformed into something new, becoming a highly developed modern power. These changes also affected the issues of corporeality. A significant role in this was played not only by radical changes in Chinese society, but also by contacts with Western culture and, above all, medicine. In this connection we offer our readers several publications that can be conventionally united by one problem: the transformation of the fundamentals of life. The first monograph by the American anthropologist E. Zhang analyzes the transformation of Chinese attitudes toward male health. Both the Maoist and post-Maoist periods are taken into account. But most importantly, Zhang shows how the changing economic and political model of society is also reflected in Chinese men's attitudes to their health, personal desires and needs.
 Another monograph discussed in this review is that of American researcher T. Nakajima, devoted to the creation of a modern system of sanitation and hygiene in Shanghai during the Republican period. In this monograph the author shows how the Chinese approach to the public health system was transformed under the influence of external and internal conditions.

Attitude and Participation of Men Regarding Prenatal Care, Childbirth, and Postpartum Care in Kashan City, Iran

Background:Men's involvement in perinatal care has benefits including reduced preterm childbirth, and better development of children. This study was conducted with the aim to determine the attitude and participation of men in prenatal, childbirth, and postpartum care.Materials and Methods:This cross-sectional study was performed on 280 men in industrial units in Kashan city, Iran (November 2014–March 2015). The participants were selected using cluster sampling method. They completed a researcher-made three-part questionnaire. The data were analyzed using independent-samples t test and analysis of variance (ANOVA).Results:The mean (SD) score of men's attitude and practice regarding perinatal care were 40.12 (5.00) and 61.65 (6.87), respectively. A significant difference was observed between the practice of men with different education levels (F2,75 = 3.63, p = 0.001).Conclusions:The participation of men in perinatal care was low. It is recommended that healthcare providers make visits in the presence of husbands and simultaneously provide training for the couples during the perinatal period.

Men's Perceptions of Violence against Women: Improving Cultural Literacy for Combating Violence within Family.

While research evidence exists about Jordanian men's perceptions and attitudes about violence against women (VAW), there is a scientific gap for addressing VAW as a Jordanian cultural norm. This study aimed to describe Jordanian men's perceptions and attitudes toward VAW, leading factors for VAW, and strategies to combat VAW. A qualitative descriptive design was used with 14 Jordanian men and semi-structured interviews. Nine themes emerged: men's definitions of VAW, men's beliefs and attitudes about VAW, men's feelings toward VAW, intensifying factors for VAW, men's justification for women staying in abusive relationships, the hazardous impact of VAW, experience of using violence against wives, men's strategies for combating VAW, and absence or limited role of services for victims of VAW. Men in many cultures including Jordan inherit structured patriarchal ideology, which gives men the perceived right to control women and to manage familial conflict. Inherited cultural beliefs about male roles within families should be restructured by collaborating with community stakeholders to combat VAW.

Femeia română în reprezentările călătorilor străini din secolele XVI-XVIII/The Romanian Woman in the Representations of Foreign Travelers from the XVI-XVIII Centuries

The study brings back into discussion the complex theme of the image of the Romanian woman transposed in the writings of foreigners who crossed the Romanian Lands at the end of the Middle Ages. Despite a dose of subjectivism, prejudice or resentment, the testimonies of foreigners are valuable from the perspective of imaginary and gender relations, because they bring additional information to reconfigure aspects of men's attitudes and behaviors towards women and its status in medieval Romanian society. The main point of these sources is the tension between the way Romanian women are viewed by foreigners, the virtues and vices attributed to them, and the opinion that men in the Romanian Lands themselves have about the representatives of the beautiful gender.

Knowledge and Attitudes of Men in Bahrain Toward Prostate Cancer.

Bahrain has one of the highest rates of prostate cancer in the Middle East, when compared to neighboring countries. Therefore, a seminal study was undertaken, investigating the knowledge and attitudes of Arabic men over 50 years and older, who are in the highest risk group for prostate cancer. A secondary objective was to apply inter-professional student learning of research though the inclusion of medical and nursing students in the research team. A descriptive research design with data collection through a researcher-administered questionnaire. Study participants included 74 men, predominantly of Arabic origin. Whereas the results of this study are generally reflective of the international literature, the study also provides some new and interesting insights into the perspectives of Arabic men. The findings highlight the importance of a culturally sensitive, health awareness programme for men's health and prostate cancer in Bahrain. The study supports the important role of nurses in men's health promotion and disease prevention. An expansion in community nursing roles could facilitate the development of nursing specialist roles in the area of prostate disease prevention. An enhancement of undergraduate nursing student research learning occurs through active engagement with researchers in research projects, where students participate in preparing for research ethics approval, data collection, data analysis and writing for publication. Inter-professional learning is a very valuable experience in lowering traditional barriers between medicine and nursing.

The role of entitlement, social dominance orientation, and right‐wing authoritarianism in the prediction of homonegativity for heterosexual white men

AbstractWe examined the role of right‐wing authoritarianism (RWA), social dominance orientation (SDO), psychological entitlement, and narcissistic entitlement in the prediction of White men's negative attitudes and behaviors toward lesbian women and gay men. The present study (a) simultaneously examines four predictors (i.e., psychological and narcissistic entitlement, RWA, and SDO) of attitudes toward lesbian women and gay men (ATLG) and rejecting behaviors, (b) examines psychological and narcissistic entitlement as distinct predictors of ATLG and rejecting behaviors, and (c) tests the potential mediating role of ATLG. A path model was tested using the survey data from 153 White, heterosexual, male college students. Findings indicate that only RWA and narcissistic entitlement were significant predictors of ATLG, which is a strong predictor of rejecting behaviors. Furthermore, ATLG mediates the relationship between RWA and rejecting behaviors (d = .35). In other words, higher RWA is associated with higher ATLG, which is associated with more self‐reported rejecting behaviors. Narcissistic entitlement also influences rejecting behaviors through ATLG and both psychological and narcissistic entitlement were found to directly predict gay and lesbian rejecting behaviors.

Does drinking modify the relationship between men's gender-inequitable attitudes and their perpetration of intimate partner violence? A meta-analysis of surveys of men from seven countries in the Asia Pacific region.

Although men's alcohol misuse and less gender-equitable attitudes have been identified as risks for perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV), less is known about how men's gender-equitable attitudes and drinking act together to increase risk of IPV. This study aimed to assess the independent relationships of lower gender-equitable attitudes and drinking to perpetration of IPV and their interaction among men in seven countries. Secondary analysis of the United Nations Multi-Country Study on Men and Violence (UNMCS) and Nabilan Study databases consisting of (1) unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression to measure the association of perpetration of IPV with gender-equitable men (GEM) scale score and regular heavy episodic drinking (RHED) and (2) meta-analyses of prevalence and effect estimates adjusted for country-level sites and countries. A total of 9148 ever-partnered 18-49-year-old men surveyed in 2011-15 from 18 sites in Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Sri Lanka and Timor Leste. The outcome variable is reported perpetration of physical or sexual IPV in the previous year. GEM scale scores; RHED, defined as six or moredrinks in one session at least monthly (compared with other drinkers and abstainers). Pooled past-year prevalence of perpetration of IPV was 13% [95% confidence interval (CI)=9-16%]. GEM scores and RHED were independently associated with perpetration of IPV overall and in most sites. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) for perpetration of IPV with less equitable GEM scores were 1.07 (95% CI=1.04, 1.09) and with RHED were 3.42 (95% CI=2.43, 4.81). A significant interaction between GEM score and RHED (P=0.001) indicated that RHED increased the relationship of less gender-equitable attitudes and perpetration of IPV. Both gender-inequitable attitudes and drinking appear to be associated with perpetration of intimate partner violence by men, with regular heavy episodic drinking increasing the likelihood of intimate partner violence among men with less equitable gender attitudes.

Men Who Pay for Sex Once, More than Once, or Not at All: The Associations between Attitudes toward Paying for Sex, Socio-Demographic Characteristics, and Frequency of Sex Payment

ABSTRACT In an attempt to characterize men who pay women for sex (MPWS), theory and research generally divides men into two groups: men who pay for sex and those who never paid for sex. However, this dichotomy may lack sufficient detail to understand sex payment accurately, and with regard to attitudes toward paying for sex and frequency of sex payment. The present study set out to explore the associations between views toward MPWS; socio-demographic characteristics and frequency of paying for sex. A sample of 632 Israeli men, ages 18–75, were recruited via Facebook ads. Participants completed an anonymous, online questionnaire on their attitudes toward MPWS. Men who paid for sex once were more similar in their attitudes to men who did not pay for sex than to those who paid more than once. In addition, favorable views on MPWS predicted paying for sex only among men who paid for sex more than once, but not among men who paid for sex once. These findings may require new programmatic attention in public policy considerations and therapeutic strategies, taking into consideration both attitudes of men who pay for sex toward, and frequency of, this behavior.

Missing masculinities: The need for gender transformative approaches in water safety promotion for men

Globally, men are more prone to engage in high-risk behaviours, which can shorten their life expectancy when compared to women (Creighton & Oliffe, 2010). Further, men die by drowning at twice the rate of women (World Health Organization, 2020). As such, drowning prevention campaigns have often focused on finding ways to change men's attitudes towards water safety and particularly the use of lifejackets, personal protective equipment that play key roles in preventing drowning (Peden et al., 2018).

SIKAP REMAJA PUTRA DI KELAS X TENTANG ROKOK DI SMAN 5 BATU AJI KOTA BATAM

Cigarettes are addictive substances that threaten health because they contain substances that harm the body. From the survey results, it turns out that there are still 68 students who smoke in the school environment of SMAN 5 Batu Aji, Batam City, the purpose of the study is to determine the attitude of young men in class X SMAN 5 Batu Aji Batam City in 2015, the research design used is descriptive, the time of the study which was conducted at SMAN 5 Batu Aji, Batam City in May-June 2015 this research was all teenage boys of class X SMAN 5 Batu Aji totaling 154 students with a total sampling technique, the instrument used in this study was a questionnaire, data collection was carried out during The research is in the form of a questionnaire or questionnaire by submitting several statements to the respondents who are proposed as research objects, analyzing data to find the frequency distribution. Based on the results of research conducted on the attitudes of young men about cigarettes in class X SMA N 5 Batu Aji Batam City, it shows that 86 respondents (56%) with a positive attitude (the tendency to avoid the attitude of young men about smoking) and 68 respondents (44%) with a positive attitude. negative (tendency to approach young men's attitudes about smoking). According to the conclusion of the researcher, from the results of the research, the positive attitudes of young men have looked good, but there are still negative ones because teenagers do not realize that cigarettes can damage health and need additional information about the attitudes of young men about cigarettes. It is expected that young men in class X SMAN 5 will continue to improve their attitudes to understand and understand smoking and participate in counseling events and seminars on health, especially about the attitudes of young men about cigarettes .

A qualitative exploration of roles and expectations of male partners from PMTCT services in rural Malawi

BackgroundPrevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) is effective in curbing rates of HIV infection in children because its interventions reduce the rates of transmission during pregnancy, in labour, and in breastfeeding. Male involvement (MI) greatly influences uptake and adherence to PMTCT services. Lack of clarity on the roles and expectations of men in PMTCT is one of the main barriers to MI. The main aim of the study was to explore the roles and expectations of male partners from PMTCT services in Malawi.MethodsThis was a descriptive qualitative study that involved men whose partners were either pregnant or breastfeeding a child, health care workers working in PMTCT services for over six months, and traditional leaders. We conducted 9 in-depth interviews and 12 key informant interviews from January to March 2018. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and translated. Thematic analysis was employed to analyze data.ResultsThe subjective and community norms and attitudes of men towards PMTCT provide the context in which male partners define the specific roles they render and the services they expect from PMTCT services. The roles of men in PMTCT service were contextualized in what is socially acceptable and normalized in the setting and include supportive roles expressed as accompanying the wife to attend; antenatal care services, Dry blood sample collection (DBS) when its due, keeping appointments when is due to take the ARVs, providing financial support; HIV prevention behavior change and decision-making roles. The desired services within PMTCT include health assessment such as checking their weight; blood pressure; blood sugar and promotion activities such as education sessions that are provided in a male-friendly manner that is in tandem with existing socio-cultural norms and attitudes of men towards such services.ConclusionThe roles of male partners in PMTCT services are underpinned by subjective norms and what is socially acceptable within a specific context. The services that men require from PMTCT services are influenced by their attitudes and beliefs towards PMTCT interventions. Services should be male-tailored provided in an atmosphere that allows and accepts male partners to exercise their roles in PMTCT services.