Attitude Formation Process Research Articles

Tingkat pengetahuan tentang kanker serviks dan sikap terhadap deteksi dini IVA pada wanita usia subur

Early detection efforts of Cervical cancer using Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid methods that took place inWonosari II Public Health Center can not filling target with a downward trend in 2012 and 2013. Predisposition ofearly detection behavior of cervical cancer is influenced by attitude. Attitude formation process is influenced bystimulus or stimuli of one of knowledge that will be processed to produce an attitude (closed) and behavior(open). This study aim is to determine the level of knowledge about the relationship with attitudes of cervicalcancer Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid early detection on productive age woman. Type of research wasanalytic survey with cross sectional approach. Research sites was in Gatak Gunung Kidul with productive agewoman subjects aged 15-49 years whom were married with a sample 65 respondents were obtained byproportional random sampling method. Data were analyzed using chi square test. The results shows that thelevel of knowledge about cervical cancer 50.8% categorized as good, attitudes toward Visual Inspection withAcetic Acid early detection 52.3% are supportive. It can be seen from 33 productive age woman with goodknowledge have attitude that support 22 productive age woman (66.7%) and good knowledge have an attitudethat does not support as many as 11 productive age woman (33.3%). From the analysis results obtained chisquare test p-value = 0.01728 (p-value <0.05). There is a level of knowledge about the relationship withattitudes towards cervical cancer Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid early detection on productive age woman inGatak Gunung Kidul 2014.

A dynamic framework on travel mode choice focusing on utilitarian walking based on the integration of current knowledge.

Recently, research on utilitarian walking has gained momentum due to its benefits on both health and the environment. However, our overall understanding of how built and social environments affect travel mode choice (walking or not) is still limited, and most existing frameworks on travel mode choice lack dynamic processes. After a review of several mainstream theories and a number of frameworks, we propose an integrated framework. The basic constructs in the travel mode choice function are utilities, constraints, attitudes, and habits. With a hierarchical structure and heuristic rules, the travel mode choice function is modified by individual characteristics and travel characteristics. The framework explicitly presents several dynamic processes, including the perception process on the environment, attitude formation process, habit formation process, interactions among an individual's own behaviors, interactions among travelers, feedback from travel to the built and social environments, and feedback from other behaviors to the built and social environments. For utilitarian walking, the framework may contribute to the study design, data collection, adoption of new research methods, and provide indications for policy interventions.

Beauty in motion: Expectations, attitudes, and values of wind energy development in the rural U.S

Attitudes towards wind energy development are influenced by a number of social, political, and geographic factors. Initial resident expectations for a development, and then the degree to which these expectations were later met can help explain support or opposition for wind energy. Yet, the role of met or unmet expectations is not well researched in explaining perceptions of and attitudes towards wind energy development. This study explores the relationship between met and unmet expectations and resident attitudes towards wind energy, as well as perceptions of wind turbine beauty, for rural residents near two wind energy projects in the U.S. state of South Dakota (SD). A survey (n=239) administered in 2014 across two counties investigates the process of attitude and expectation formation towards the projects as they developed. Results show that the majority of residents had positive expectations, and these expectations are largely unmet; nonetheless, most residents retain positive attitudes towards both projects, although certain types of expectations are related to more positive or more negative attitudes. Furthermore, the survey results show that residents find turbines in motion to be more beautiful than static turbines—demonstrating the role of economic and environmental values in influencing wind energy attitudes and expectations.

Antecedents of attitudes toward the website

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the moderating role of the cultural dimensions of long-term orientation (LTO) and individualism (IND) on the relationships between satisfaction online, message involvement (MI) and perceived usefulness (PU) of the web site on attitude toward the web site. Design/methodology/approach – The authors chose a between-subjects experimental design, using culture (Spanish vs British) as the independent variable. Two versions of a web site for a fictitious tourist destination were created – one written in Spanish and the other in English. The sample comprised 491 users. Findings – The findings indicate that the LTO dimension moderates the relationship between satisfaction online and PU on attitude toward the web site. The relationships between MI and attitude toward the web site could not be confirmed. Research limitations/implications – The main limitation of this study is the comparison of only two cultures, Spain vs the UK. Practical implications – The key implication is that if marketers and web site designers can better understand how national cultural differences moderate the attitude formation and change process among tourists, this will enable them to market their destinations and services more effectively. National cultural differences explain the differences found in the effect of satisfaction and PU on attitude toward the web site. Originality/value – This study is one of the few analyzing the moderating effect of LTO and IND on three antecedents of attitude toward the web site. The original cultural values established by Hofstede (2001) were tested among the present sample to establish the extent to which they remain true today. To create an authentic browsing scenario for the experiment, a web site was specially designed for a fictitious tourist destination, with its own domain name (buyada.org). Subjects were invited to browse the site freely while carrying out the task assigned to them. This approach contributed added value to the research by simulating the real behavior of tourists who are faced with a range of choices when putting together a tourism package for a given destination.

A Study of Organisation Culture in the Public and Private Sectors : Impact on Job Attitude

This study investigates effectiveness of job attitude formation process of organizational culture using four alternative cultural styles viz. autocratic, bureaucratic, entrepreneurial and technological culture in the public and private sector firms on the basis of more than 500 respondents in NCR region. Collected data were processed using descriptive statistics, Anova and Least Square Regression technique. It was found that job attitude premium was attributed to only the bureaucratic style and overall cultural effect in the private sector organizations with contrary effect whereas none of the styles or the overall culture makes any significant contribution in the public sector organizations. Results are of immense importance for policy makers in Government and private sector organizations while formulating the differential HR strategy of the firm.

Warmth of the Welcome: Attitudes toward Immigrants and Immigration Policy.

Natives' attitudes toward immigrants and immigration policy are important factors in the context of reception of immigrants since they contribute to a warm or chilly welcome, which potentially shapes immigrant and ethnic identities and inter-group relations. Public opinion polls show a recent "warming" of Americans' traditional ambivalence about immigration. Empirical research on attitudes toward immigrants and racial groups formed by recent waves of immigrants resonate with the dynamic nature of Blumer's (1958) theory of prejudice as a sense of relative group position. To better understand this dynamism, research that intentionally contrasts study sites on conflict and contact conditions and the presence of absence of symbolic politics, as well as research with different native-born racial and ethnic groups, would reveal a broader range of natives' attitude formation processes and the role they play in immigrant reception.

HOW TO ACHIEVE A LOW-CARBON ECONOMY IN CHINA: FROM INDIVIDUAL ATTITUDES TO ACTUAL CONSUMPTION BEHAVIORS

Based on an analysis of the attitude formation process, a theoretical model of the realization of low-carbon (LC) consumption was constructed. An empirical study of China was then carried out to identify the reasons for differences between attitudes and actual behavior to investigate ways of realizing an LC economy. The results indicate that environmental cognition has a positive influence on social consciousness consumption behavior and a negative influence on individual consciousness consumption behavior, so enhancement of environmental cognition is an effective approach. Cognition of LC consumption significance, LC consumption preference regarding others, and LC consumption behavioral tendency promoted social consciousness consumption behavior, so these are beneficial for an LC economy. LC consumption preference regarding self had a negative impact on individual consciousness consumption behavior, so it needs to be guided. Current social consumption culture pressure had a negative impact on the relationship between attitude processes, behavioral tendency and actual behavior, so a healthy social consumption culture needs to be cultivated. Suggestions for achieving an LC consumption economy are proposed.

More Than a Game

Over the past several decades, media coverage of both professional and nonprofessional athletes has reached unprecedented levels. Previously unreported information about these individuals, including their behavior on and off the field, is now massively disseminated to the public for consumption. Although the extensive amount of media coverage often focuses on the athletes’ in-game performances, other information related to their individual characteristics and personal lives can be featured as well. Sports journalists can and do employ various frames that emphasize specific content in their stories; but the influence these frames have on subsequent audience evaluations pertaining to the athletes featured within them is unknown. This study will explore several important factors in the attitude formation process, including features of the media coverage itself, characteristics of the featured athletes, and characteristics of the processing audience. Implications for content producers in the media industry and directions for future research are discussed.

The sponsor-event geographical match as a dimension of event-sponsor fit: An investigation in Europe and North America

The study presented in this article investigates a new basis for the fit construct in sponsorship, namely the sponsor-event geographical (SEG) match. In light of the fast growing internationalization of events and of the increased globalization of sponsoring brands, many event-sponsor relationships are bound to lack fit regarding a SEG match (e.g., a brand strongly associated with the European culture sponsoring an event in Australia). First, the conceptual distinction between the known bases of the fit construct and the SEG match is developed. This is followed by an experiment carried out in two different countries. Results indicate that event-sponsor relationships with a strong SEG match yield more favorable responses than non-SEG match relationships. In addition, when the SEG match is strong, event-sponsor fit is critical for sponsorship success due to its intervening role in the attitude formation process. Managerial recommendations and further research avenues are also discussed.

Modeling product attitude formation process in online word‐of‐mouth

PurposeWord‐of‐mouth (WOM) has been found to significantly influence consumers' decision making. Much attention has been paid to the effect of WOM characteristics such as the number of postings, the dispersion of online conversations, the reputation of the reviewers, and the review quality on product sales. Little research, however, has examined the interaction process of online reviews. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the consumers' product attitude formation process in online WOM. Three research questions will be addressed in this paper, i.e. the effect of prior responses on the following repliers' product attitude, the negativity effect and the role of main messages in shaping consumers' product attitude formation process.Design/methodology/approachThe product attitude formation process of online WOM is investigated using the data of product reviews (main messages) and their corresponding responses. The paper collected 26 product reviews from various web sites and kept the first 40‐50 responses for each review, which resulted in 26 main messages and 1,173 observations (i.e. responses) in total. A hierarchical Bayesian ordinal choice model is then specified and estimated with the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method to address the research questions and to capture the main message heterogeneity.FindingsThe paper finds that the impact of prior responses (e.g. the proportion of positive and negative responses) on the product attitudes of the following responses differs significantly across products. This heterogeneity can be well explained by the characteristics of the main messages at the second‐level specification. Thereby, factors that influence consumers' product attitudes in the interaction process of online WOM include prior responses and main message characteristics. Another interesting finding is that positive responses have larger impacts on product attitudes than negative ones.Originality/valueThis research contributes to both academic research and the firms' online WOM management. Theoretically, this research is the first attempt to examine the formation process of attitudes toward new products in online communications. This research contributes by modeling how the dynamic process of online WOM influences new product attitudes. Furthermore, inconsistent with the “negativity effect” proposed by researchers (e.g. Skowronski and Carlston), the paper finds that positive responses matter more than negative ones in online communications. In addition, the way the paper configures the data for online communications is innovative and provides a perspective to quantitatively model the communication process. Managerially, this research provides implications for firms to intervene in the online communication process and influence consumer attitude of new products.

The impact of telepresence in an online ad on forming attitudes towards the product: The relevance of the traditional experiential approach

This study proposes a conceptual model for understanding the impact of telepresence in an online ad on the process of forming attitudes towards the product. The model takes the traditional experiential approach as its frame of reference. It formulates two interdependent attitude formation processes in a telepresence situation: the first cognitive, the second affective. The model is tested by means of a quasi-experiment. The results confirm the hypotheses of direct and indirect causality among the variables comprising the two processes. This causal analysis allows us to carry out a conceptual diagnosis and to make various recommendations.

A comparative study on attitude formation process toward stores and salesmen in mobile phone distribution - Focused on Korean Market and Chinese -

A comparative study on attitude formation process toward stores and salesmen in mobile phone distribution - Focused on Korean Market and Chinese -

The Attitude Formation Process toward Counseling Service depending on Endorser's Similarity

The Attitude Formation Process toward Counseling Service depending on Endorser's Similarity

Effects of campus foodservice attributes on perceived value, satisfaction, and consumer attitude: A gender-difference approach

This study explores a conceptual framework incorporating interrelationships among campus foodservice attributes, perceived value, satisfaction, and effects of these on consumer attitude. Mediating roles of perceived value and satisfaction as well as gender differences in attitude formation process also are investigated within the conceptual framework. Results confirm that enhanced performance in service and product quality, menu, and facility have favorable effects on perceived value, satisfaction and, ultimately, on consumer attitude. However, the attitude-formation process and mediating roles of perceived value and satisfaction differ notably between male and female consumers.

Public Acceptance of Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage – Research Approaches for Investigating the Impact of Communication

The level of awareness and knowledge with regard to Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage (CCS) among the public is low, and the attitude formation process is only beginning. Stakeholders now have recognized the need to communicate CCS. But how how can information on CCS be communicated to enable the public to develop well-informed opinions? And, thereupon, how will public knowledge and acceptance develop?

Psychological Factors Affecting Perceptions of Unsolicited Commercial E-mail

Using the online survey method, this study investigates how consumers regard unsolicited commercial e-mail (spam) and their possible responses. Specifically, the study closely examines the relationships among five key indicators: (a) perceived intrusiveness, (b) perceived irritation, (c) attitudes toward the advertising medium, (d) ad skepticism, and (e) ad avoidance. Also examined is the process of attitude formation concerning unsolicited commercial e-mail. The results indicate that while perceived intrusiveness increases the likelihood of avoiding unsolicited commercial e-mail, perceived irritation tends to raise the degree of ad skepticism.

Communicating brands playfully

An online experiment was conducted to study the effects of brand placements in computer games on brand attitude as well as game attitude (N = 521; between subject design: familiar vs unfamiliar brands vs no brand). Results show that particularly unfamiliar brands can achieve a better attitude, while the attitude towards the familiar brand worsens as a result of ad placements. In any case, the game will suffer as a result of the integration of advertising: attitude towards the game worsens as a result of ad placement. However, these effects were not moderated by ad scepticism. In terms of the process of attitude formation, attitude towards the game has a direct impact on attitude towards the advertised brand.

Personifying the State: Consequences for Attitude Formation

Because states are abstract entities, they often require embodiment for mass publics and elites to understand them. This embodiment often occurs as personification, where the state is associated with the most salient figure in the political system, but embodiment can also occur through political institutions and social groups. Surprisingly, there is virtually no systematic empirical work on the political and psychological consequences of state personification, or other forms of embodiment. In this experiment, we investigate how various ways of embodying the state influence attitude formation processes. Drawing on the on‐line/memory‐based processing and entitativity literatures, we hypothesize that personification of the state should facilitate on‐line processing and stronger attitudes, whereas embodying the state as a parliamentary institution should produce weaker attitudes that are formed in a memory‐based fashion. The results support these hypotheses. Embodiment as a social group produced inconsistent results. This study provides the first systematic evidence that the widespread practice of personification of the state has robust and potentially far‐reaching attitudinal consequences that have meaningful implications for strategic interaction, perception and learning, and attitude change in the international realm.

Perspectives on Parsimony: How Long Is the Coast of England? A Reply to Park and MacInnis; Schwarz; Petty; and Lynch

Park and MacInnis (2006, in this issue) provide the always sound advice to examine the boundaries of the focal construct, in this case attitudes. They wonder whether attitudes are capable of predicting differences in levels of personal investment and commitment to resulting behavior, and they question whether attitude dimensions such as strength and extremity, or additional dimensions and moderators, are rich enough to account for either the range of affect intensity reflected in the degree of emotional attachment or in behavioral commitment. They draw our attention to consumers’ emotional attachment to brands (which they see as inherently linked to one’s self-schema) and argue for a sharper delineation of the boundaries of the attitude construct. Their analysis suggests that emotional attachment is a separate relationship-based construct. Several reactions seem in order. First, we do not suggest that attitude theory can explain emotional attachment and its consequences (see also Cohen [1990], Cohen and Areni [1991], and Pham et al. [2001] for consistent attempts to separate attitudinal and affective processes). In creating the Multiple Pathway Anchoring and Adjustment (MPAA) model, we draw on relevant cognitive and motivational theory and research to better understand both attitude formation and the conditions under which attitudes are likely to guide behavior. Attitudes arise out of a range of human experience extending from direct experience and exposure to internal*Cohen and Reed’s (2006, in this issue) MPAA model describes the attitude formation and reliance process. We thank the notable contributors for their insightful commentaries about our model and attitude theory and research more generally. Since we cannot respond to all the nuances outlined in each of the four separate articles, we primarily address some important differences in the commentators’ views about parsimony. The spirit of our response is intended to convince readers that when it comes to representing psychological processes, there is no one right model. Rather, the construct mapping one uses and related judgments about parsimony should depend on explicit research goals. Joel B. Cohen is Distinguished

The brand attitude formation process of emotional and informational ads

This study examines brand attitude formation process by ad execution format (emotional vs. informational). For ads with an emotional ad format, heightening positive feelings and reducing negative feelings enhanced thoughts about credibility of the ad, which in turn affected ad attitudes and brand attitudes. For ads with an informational ad format, enhancing evaluative thoughts about the credibility of the ad enhanced positive feelings and reduced negative feelings. These variables in turn affected brand attitudes, both directly, and through the mediational influence of ad. These results have relevant theoretical implications for studying the various processes by which brand attitudes are formed and have managerially relevant implications regarding advertising copy-testing.