Attitude Domains Research Articles

Medication reconciliation: impact of an educational intervention on the knowledge, attitude and practices of healthcare professionals - a prospective quasi-experimental study in a Saudi referral hospital

BackgroundMedication reconciliation has been acknowledged as a key intervention against medication errors. More than half of the medication errors that happen during care transitions are caused by unjustified medication discrepancies and up to one-third of these mistakes may be harmful. The study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of health care providers in on medication reconciliation process, pre and post educational intervention.MethodsA hospital-based prospective quasi-experimental pre-post intervention study was conducted from November 2023 to February 2024 among 346 healthcare professionals (medical doctors, pharmacists and nurses) practicing in King Saud Hospital (KSH), Unayzah, Saudi Arabia. The subjects were recruited using the convenience sampling method.An educational intervention workshop was conducted among the healthcare professionals. The KAP was assessed before and after the educational intervention using a content and face validated self-administered questionnaire. The statistical analyses were conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was used to differentiate the mean response scores for knowledge, attitude, and practice domains, between pre and post intervention. Kruskal Wallis Test followed by Dunn’s post hoc test was used to compare the mean response scores for knowledge, attitude and practice domains based on educational qualification and practicing experience for the pre and post-test period. The level of significance is determined at P < 0.05.ResultsThere was a significant improvement in the participants’ knowledge, attitude and practice after the educational intervention with mean scores of 0.72 (SD = 1.67, p < 0.0001*), 0.76 (SD = 1.97, p < 0.0001*), and 0.56 (SD = 2.05, p = 0.001*) respectively. The overall KAP scores showed a statistically significant enhancement after the education intervention with a mean score difference of 2.04 (SD = 4.76, p < 0.0001*).Our study upholds that MedRec is highly valued by the participants due to its significant role in reducing medication errors and enhancing patient safety, and that it has the ability to recognize medication discrepancies and reduce adverse drug events.ConclusionThe education intervention effectively influenced the knowledge, attitude and practice of healthcare professionals regarding medication reconciliation. This study underscores the importance of continuous education and training for healthcare professionals to minimize medication discrepancies and improve patient care.

Multicenter audit of operating room staff compliance with the surgical safety checklist: a cross-sectional study from a low- and middle-income country

BackgroundUnsafe surgical practices are a preventable cause of morbidity and mortality. The WHO published its surgical safety checklist (SSC) to help reduce surgical errors and complications and improve patient outcomes. This study aims to audit compliance with the WHO’s SSC and explore attitudes toward its implementation in hospitals within a low- and middle-income country.MethodsThis was a two-part, cross-sectional study in which a retrospective desk review was used to audit compliance with SSC use, and a questionnaire was used to explore attitudes toward the SSC. The data were collected between September and November 2021 from two major governmental and nongovernmental hospitals. Surgeons, anesthesiologists, and surgical nurses were invited to complete a self-administered questionnaire that measured attitudes across five domains via a 5-point Likert scale.ResultsThe final sample consisted of 340 patients whose records were retrieved from one governmental hospital (n=170) and one nongovernmental hospital (n=170). Among those patients, 93 (27.4%) underwent general surgery, 49 (14.4%) underwent orthopedic surgery, and 45 (13.2%) underwent pediatric surgery. The SSCs were fully completed for 27.9% of the patients, partially completed for 43.2% of the patients, and left blank for 28.8% of the patients. Compliance with the use of the SSC was significantly associated with age (p=0.002), sex (p=0.022), type of surgery (p<0.001), classification of surgery (p=0.006) and hospital sector (p<0.001). None of the patients at the governmental hospital had a completely filled the SSC, whereas none of those at the nongovernmental hospital had a blank SSC. Among the final sample of 80 operating room staff members included in the study that explored their attitudes, 41.3%, 40.0%, and 18.8% were surgeons, surgical nurses, and anesthesiologists, respectively. The participants demonstrated positive attitudes toward the SSC across all the attitude domains. The majority said that lack of time (56.3%), staff assertiveness (55.0%), and training (53.8%) were the most important barriers to implementing the SSC. The hospital sector was significantly associated with higher scores across all domains.ConclusionsWhile the majority of operating room staff used the SSC, only a minority filled the list completely. The attitudes toward using the WHO’s SSC trended positively, which encourages the official implementation of the SSC at the national level. Addressing the identified barriers may enhance the quality of implementation by providing educational sessions. Future reaudits are recommended to enhance the adaptability of the SSC.

Validity and reliability of a questionnaire assessing the knowledge, attitude, and awareness in the informal caregivers of comatose patients: An observational study

Background: Comatose is a state of deep unconsciousness in an individual being unresponsive which has an impact on the informal caregivers providing care to their kinships. The validity and reliability of the domains of the Knowledge, Attitude, Awareness-Comatose Caregiver Questionnaire (KAA-CCQ) and has been taken into consideration as an outcome measure to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and awareness among the caregivers of comatose patients. Methods: 68 informal caregivers above the age of 18 years related to comatose patients were included in the study. The self-developed KAA-CCQ was administered on the informal caregivers of comatose patients to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and awareness regarding coma. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire were calculated by Spearman’s rank correlation and Cronbach΄s alpha, respectively. Results: The reliability of all the three domains and the questionnaire was found to be 0.8 and the item correlation with respect to the domain was above 0.6 for the knowledge whereas it was above 0.6 for the attitude and awareness domains that justified the validity of the questionnaire, and also the questionnaire had an excellent reliability. Conclusion: The KAA-CCQ will be a suitable questionnaire to assess the knowledge, attitude, and awareness in the informal caregivers of comatose patients.

Needs Analysis: Developing a Digital Literacy Integrated Speaking Syllabus for Arabic Pre-Service Teachers in China

Integrating digital literacy into language teacher preparation programs has gained increasing attention in recent years. With the expanding economic trade with Arab countries, Arabic language education is becoming more important in China. This study aims to identify the needs for developing a digital literacy-integrated speaking syllabus for Arabic pre-service teachers in China. The study presents phase 1: needs analysis of the design and developmental research (DDR) approach. Interviews were conducted to collect data. The finding shows that while digital literacy elements are integrated into the existing speaking syllabus through resources and multimedia presentation teaching approach, it is mainly concentrated on the skill domain rather than the knowledge and attitude domains. The study further found that the challenges for Arabic lecturers to integrate digital literacy are the lack of digital teaching resources, the lack of digital literacy training for lecturers, the heavy teaching tasks but limited class instructional time, and the restrictions of higher education institutional policies. Moreover, Arabic pre-service teachers have basic digital literacy skills for daily use but lack technical knowledge in Arabic and awareness of digital literacy. The results of the study provide valuable insights for curriculum designers and educators for language teacher education programs in China.

Towards the Structure of the Digital Competence of the Library Specialists

The purpose of the article is to present the structure of the digital competence of a library specialist, developed based on research of recommendations of specialised organisations and regulatory documents, European approaches to the development of digital competence frameworks, and the results of a survey of library specialists. The research methodology is based on applying systemic, functional, acmeological, axiological and socio-communication approaches, which made it possible to scientifically understand the essence and structure of the formation of digital competence of library specialists. The theoretical methods of analysis and comparison helped to study the problem, clarify the essence of key concepts and determine the structure of the digital competence of library specialists; generalisation and systematisation were used to substantiate the components of digital competence. The scientific novelty. The structure of the digital competence of a library specialist is defined, which takes into account overall digital competence, digital technologies for professional activities, support learning, teaching and research (in particular, promoting digital literacy and users digital inclusion, digital mentoring), the ability to digital transformation and professional development in the digital environment. The author presents the draft digital competence framework for library specialists, which can be considered for improvement in the draft framework published by the Ministry of Digital Transformation for public discussion. Conclusions. The digital competence framework for library professionals can become the basis for an effective system of training and in-service training in digitalisation at different degrees of education, as well as a tool for effectively monitoring the level of digital competence among library staff. The presented draft digital competence framework for library professionals includes six areas (digital literacy; digital collections and resources; digital service, digital technologies and tools in professional activities; digital mentoring; digital leadership and professional development), thirty descriptors, and provides four levels of proficiency described by task complexity, autonomy, attitude, and cognitive domain. A comparison is made with the draft published by the Ministry of Digital Transformation in June 2024, along with recommendations for its improvement.

Prejudice and stereotypes at regional and individual levels: Related but distinct.

Exploring how psychological constructs and their outcomes vary across geographic regions is a rapidly expanding area of research, yet fundamental questions remain. Can constructs designed to describe individual variation in attitudes be interpreted in the same way when aggregated to regional levels? To what extent are they related or distinct? We tested the relationship between individual and regional attitudes across four studies in the domain of intergroup attitudes. Participants reported explicit prejudices and stereotypes toward 14 different social groups, and incorporating data from Project Implicit, we compared the characteristics of regional and individual operationalizations of prejudice. Further, we tested whether attitudes related to one another in the same way across levels using representational similarity analysis. Drawing from construct validity theory, we find evidence that regional prejudice is an emergent property of individual attitudes, to which it is related but distinct. These findings contextualize stereotype and prejudice constructs in regional analyses in psychology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

A literature review of health literacy competency for health professionals

Purpose: This study aimed to provide a descriptive review of health literacy competency questionnaires and to identify their attributes for developing a health literacy competency measurement tool to be used by Korean health professionals.Methods: A literature review was conducted through a search in international and Korean databases (PubMed, CINAHL, RISS, and KISS) for articles published between 2010 and 2024. A total of 2,200 articles were explored, out of which 6 studies met the inclusion criteria.Results: In Canada, an initial set of health literacy competency questionnaires was developed; subsequently, two questionnaires were developed in China and Brazil. Another study was translated using the initial Canadian study questionnaires, and two studies were modified. All six studies meeting the inclusion criteria employed a Delphi process involving 20~41 expert panels. Among the six studies, only one reported the psychometric properties of the questionnaires used. The reviewed questionnaires comprised knowledge, attitude, skills, and practice domains based on Bloom’s taxonomy. Knowledge and skills were commonly included factors in the questionnaires.Conclusion: There were 17 knowledge, 10 attitude, 13 skills, and 13 practice attributes for each area of the reviewed questionnaires. “Easy-to-read materials,” “plain language,” and “teach-back” were identified as appropriate attributes for measuring health literacy competencies. Among the questionnaires, there were many items and many overlapping items between the domains. Further studies are required to refine their essential attributes and to verify the instruments’ psychometric properties in order to increase their feasibility.

Developing and validating a knowledge, attitude, and practice questionnaire regarding dengue among secondary schoolchildren in Malaysia

IntroductionDengue is a viral disease borne by mosquitoes that infects humans that is a significant public health concern and socio-economic burden globally, especially in countries in the tropics and subtropics. Health education and community participation are the most powerful prevention strategies. Assessing local community knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) on dengue is essential for targeted interventions, as enhancing KAP helps communities recognize risks, adopt preventive attitudes, and implement effective measures to reduce dengue transmission. This study developed and validated a questionnaire on dengue KAP among secondary schoolchildren. Questionnaires serve as essential tools in research, allowing for standardized measurement of knowledge, attitudes, and practices, which supports accurate data collection and meaningful analysis.MethodsThe development and evaluation process (structure and content) involved consultations with eight experts including public health medicine specialists, medical officers, behavioural insights officer, academician, and entomologist, to ensure the relevance and comprehensiveness of the questionnaires. A QDengue-KAP questionnaire was administered to 30 secondary schoolchildren in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The online questionnaire was self-administered, closed-ended, distributed anonymously, and participation was voluntary.ResultsThe final questionnaire comprised four sections and 50 items after the initial version had undergone a rigorous evaluation to ensure its reliability and validity. The content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR) values exceeded the minimum requirement and indicated that all items met the minimum standards for content validity. Compared to the initial version, the final version of the questionnaire had improved Cronbach alpha values for each dengue KAP domain: knowledge [Cronbach’s alpha: 0.765 (items: 15)], attitude [0.894 (15)], practice Part A [0.735 (15)], and practice Part B [0.876 (5)]. Thus, each statement in the Knowledge (K), Attitude (A), and Practice (P) domains was deemed valid through validity and reliability evaluation, ensuring their relevance and accuracy in assessing dengue-related factors.ConclusionThe validation process demonstrated that each statement in the KAP domains was relevant, accurate, and aligned with the study's objectives, supported by expert validation and representation of the target population. This rigorous approach strengthens the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, making it a valid tool for assessing and improving dengue-related behaviours within the target population.

Assessing attitudes toward research and plagiarism among medical students: a multi-site study

BackgroundResearch involves the systematic collection and analysis of data to enhance understanding of a particular phenomenon. Participation in medical research is crucial for advancing healthcare practices. However, there has been limited focus on understanding the factors that motivate medical students to engage in research. Additionally, in the era of e-learning, the easy accessibility of online resources has contributed to a widespread ‘copy-paste culture’ among digital-native students, which is recognized in academia as plagiarism. Existing studies suggest that a contributing factor to the increasing prevalence of plagiarism is students’ limited understanding of this act. The purpose of this study was to assess medical students’ attitudes toward research and plagiarism, and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Attitudes Toward Research (ATR) and Attitudes Toward Plagiarism (ATP) questionnaires.MethodsThis was a multicenter study conducted among medical undergraduate and postgraduate students attending the three medical universities who were involved in research. Students’ attitudes toward research and plagiarism were assessed using the ATR and ATP questionnaires. The research instruments underwent translation and cultural adaptation in accordance with internationally accepted methodology. The psychometric properties of the ATR and ATP, including validity and reliability, were assessed. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the model’s fit to the data.ResultsThe ATR and ATP questionnaires were completed by 793 medical students who were involved in research (647 undergraduates and 146 PhD students). Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of 0.917 and 0.822 indicated excellent and good scale reliability for the ATR and ATP questionnaires, respectively. The five-and three- factor structures of ATR and ATP have been validated with maximum likelihood confirmatory analysis, and the results demonstrated an adequate level of model fit (TLI = 0.930, CFI = 0.942 and TLI = 0.924, CFI = 0.943, respectively). Medical students showed a high degree of positive attitudes toward research and favorable scores across all three domains of attitudes toward plagiarism. In multivariate regression models, age was found to be positively associated with favorable attitudes of research usefulness, positive attitudes, relevance to life subscales and total ATR scale (p < 0.001), while PhD study level was related to research anxiety (p < 0.001) and favorable attitudes across all three ATP domains (p < 0.001).ConclusionMedical students who were involved in research showed a high degree of favorable attitudes toward research and plagiarism. Adjusting medical school curricula to include research courses would broaden the students’ interest in scientific research and maximize their impact on the full preservation of research ethics and integrity.

Development and validation of a questionnaire on radiation protection knowledge, attitudes, and practices among Moroccan dentists.

This study aimed to develop and evaluate the validity and reliability of dentists' radiation protection knowledge, attitudes, and practices (DRP-KAPs) questionnaire. This study was conducted using a stepwise approach. In the first step, items were generated to determine the relevant content and domains after a thorough literature review. In the second step, the content validity of the questionnaire was assessed by seven experts using face and content validity. The content validity index for relevance and clarity (I-CVI, S-CVI/Av, and S-CVI/UA) and the content validity ratio (CVR) were performed. Then, the questionnaire was pre-tested with 10 dentists for face validation. In the third step, reliability was assessed using internal consistency (Kuder-Richardson-20 (KR-20) and Cronbach's alpha) and test-retest (Kappa and intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]) methods by filling out the questionnaire by 100 dentists practicing in the Rabat-Salé-Kénitra region, in Morocco. The finalized DRP-KAPs questionnaire contains 41 items covering knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAPs). The I-CVIs, S-CVI/UA and S-CVI/AV and CVR values of the 41 items were ≥0.86 for each item, ≥0.82, ≥0.97, and ≥0.71, respectively. With regard to internal consistency reliability, the KR-20 coefficients for the knowledge and practice domains were 0.70 and 0.68, respectively, and the Cronbach alpha for the attitude domain was 0.73. The DRP-KAPs questionnaire has good reliability with the ICC coefficients for attitude items ranging from 0.57 to 0.95 and Kappa coefficients for knowledge and practice items ranging from 0.64 to 1 and 0.77 to 1, respectively. The developed DRP-KAPs questionnaire was found to be a noteworthy tool for assessing radiation protection among dentists, with acceptable internal consistency, good ICC and Kappa coefficients, and good content validity indices.

Parental Knowledge, Awareness, and Attitude Regarding Children With Epilepsy: A Cross-Sectional Study in Arar, Saudi Arabia.

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological condition marked by recurrent seizures, which differ widely in type and frequency. Globally, many families lack accurate information about epilepsy and may be misinformed by unreliable sources, often resulting in negative attitudes toward their children who have epilepsy. The aim of this study is to assess parental knowledge and attitude regarding epilepsy and identify the predictors affecting the knowledge and attitude in Arar city, Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Arar, Saudi Arabia, among 66 parents. A self-administered online questionnaire was disseminated between January and April 2024, and responses were collected anonymously. Surveys were distributed at the Maternity and Children Hospital in Arar, Saudi Arabia. The Cronbach's alpha for the knowledge domain was 0.55, indicating moderate reliability, and for the attitude domain it was 0.42, indicating poor reliability. Principal component analysis revealed that the knowledge domain loaded on two components explaining 59.44% of the variance in responses and the attitude domain loaded on three components explaining 61.16% of the variance in responses.Of the total respondents, 11 (16.7%) had good knowledge, 13 (19.7%) had fair knowledge, and 42 (63.6%) had poor knowledge. Of the total respondents, 38 (57.5%) had a good attitude, 17 (25.8%) had a fair attitude, and 11 (16.7%) had a poor attitude. The multiple linear regression analysis for the knowledge score revealed that a child's treatment duration of 6-10 years significantly increased the knowledge score by 1.75 (95%CI: 0.28 - 3.23, p=0.021). The attitude score revealed that a secondary or higher educational level significantly improved it by 1.95 (95%CI: 0.03 - 3.86, p=0.046), while an intermediate educational level non-significantly improved the attitude score by 1.40 (95%CI: -0.99 - 3.78, p=0.245). Employment status significantly decreased the attitude score by -0.79 (95%CI: -1.34 - -0.24, p=0.006). Additionally, a treatment duration of 6-10 years significantly improved the attitude score by 1.21 (95%CI: 0.12 - 2.29, p=0.030). Our study highlights a notable disparity between poor knowledge and positive attitudes among the parents surveyed. This underscores the imperative for targeted health education initiatives and awareness campaigns aimed at equipping parents with a comprehensive understanding of their children's condition.

Trauma Patient Transitional Work: A Multidisciplinary Feasibility Survey of Planned Behavior Elements.

Patient transitions in critical care require coordination across provider roles and rely on the quality of providers' actions to ensure safety. Studying the behavior of providers who transition patients in critical care may guide future interventions that ultimately improve patient safety in this setting. To establish the feasibility of using the Theory of Planned Behavior in a trauma environment and to describe provider behavior elements during trauma patient transfers (de-escalations) to non-critical care units. This cross-sectional study surveyed a convenience sample of 103 multidisciplinary providers who do the cognitive and physical work of transitioning trauma patients from critical care to another non-critical care unit at a U.S. Level I trauma center. Descriptive methods for survey development, analysis, and administration were evaluated. A total of 72 respondents completed the survey; they included registered nurses, nurse practitioners, and medical doctors, demonstrating a 70% response rate. Statistically significant differences among ICU roles were observed in perceived control (Eta-squared=0.09, p =.001) and in several anchors in the attitude, subjective norms, and behavioral intent theoretical domains (Cohen's d ranging from 0.36 to 2.03, p <.05). This study demonstrated variability in theory domains, signaling an opportunity to study a representative sample. It can serve as a blueprint for future behavioral studies designed to examine the Theory of Planned Behavior elements in trauma critical care providers.

GUIDELINES FOR THE COMPETENCY DEVELOPMENT OF TRAINERS IN THE PLASTICS MOLDING INJECTION FACTORIES IN THAILAND

Objective: The aim of this research is to develop guidelines for the competency development of trainers in plastics molding injection factories (PMIF) in Thailand. Theoretical Framework: A mixed-methods framework is adopted, integrating quantitative data through statistical analyses like means, standard deviations, and regression, alongside qualitative insights from interviews. The framework explores relationships by combining numerical trends with thematic patterns for a comprehensive understanding. Method: The study population comprises 284 operators and 14 trainers. Data is collected through quantitative and qualitative approaches, including questionnaires and interviews, with statistical analysis applied using percentages, means, standard deviations, relationship analysis, and stepwise multiple linear regression. Results and Discussion: Guidelines for trainer competency development in PMIF in Thailand focus on three key areas—knowledge, skills, and attitude. Four sub-competencies in the knowledge domain influence training success: knowledge in 1) Teaching Psychology, 2) Trainers' Attitudes, 3) Behavior and Work Analysis, 4) Training and Counseling. In the skills domain, significant sub-competencies include: 1) Teaching Skills, 2) Listening Skills, 3) Computer Proficiency, 4) Behavior and Work Analysis Skills. The significant sub-competencies of the attitude domain include: attitudes toward 1) Modern Research, 2) Trainees' Intentions, 3) Teaching Psychology, 4) Trainers' Attitudes. Research Implications: Guidelines to enhance trainer competency in Thailand's plastics molding injection industry are provided. Findings influence training programs, workforce development, and industry productivity. Originality/Value: Key sub-competencies that predict training success are identified in the areas of knowledge, skills, and attitude. Structured approaches to enhance training success are provided, impacting professional practice and training outcomes in industrial settings.

Effect of Hand Washing with Soap Education Using Puzzle Media on Hand Washing with Soap Behavior in Elementary School Age Children

Clean and healthy living behavior by washing hands is an important effort to minimize the emergence of disease. However, many people, including children, do not know how to properly maintain hand hygiene. The aim of the research was to determine the effect of hand washing with soap education using puzzle media on the hand washing behavior with soap of elementary school aged children. The research used a pre-experimental design with a One Group Pretest-Posttest Design approach. The sample consisted of 56 students as the intervention group. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. The use of puzzle media has been proven to have an influence with a significance value of 0.000 &lt; 0.005 on behavior in the domain of knowledge, attitudes and actions in elementary school age children. Teachers, health workers and the general public can provide education through puzzle media to children because it is interesting, easy to understand and affordable. INDEX TERMS : Education, Elementary School Age Children, Hand Washing with Soap, Puzzle

New Age Parenting and Its Impact on Child’s Oral Health: Cross-sectional Questionnaire Study

Abstract Background: With increased globalization, East culture is meeting West culture and parenting style has been completely changed. Children depend significantly on their parents for provision, instruction, and supervision of crucial preventive oral hygiene habits. The education level and awareness of parents regarding preventive oral health measures play a pivotal role in this aspect. Therefore, it becomes imperative to evaluate and educate parents about proper oral hygiene care for their children, ultimately contributing to the overall well-being of the child. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess an impact of new age parenting on oral health of their children. Methodology: A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted among 204 parents of children aged 5–10 years, consisting of 27-item questionnaires containing four domains of demographic data, knowledge, attitude, and practice, which was distributed among the participants. A descriptive analysis was done using IBM SPSS software (version 22.0 Chicago, IL, USA). Results: It was surprising to note that 32.84% of parents were unaware about the specialist dentist is available for children. About 65.69% of parents had low level of knowledge regarding oral health of their children. The correlation among knowledge, attitude, and practice was determined to be highly statistically significant (P = 0.0001). Conclusion: Our study concluded that knowledge, attitude, and practice of oral health care of children are low among new age parents and there is a need to educate these parents regarding the same.

Assessing attitudes toward LGB people in young adolescents.

Since people's attitude toward lesbians, gay men and bisexual people (LGB) affects young LGB people's mental health and subsequently their quality of life, it is important to establish people's attitudes toward LGB people. The current study examined attitudes toward lesbian, gay and bisexual people among Dutch students and the psychometrical characteristics of adapted instruments measuring attitudes toward sexual diversity. The students in the sample (N = 1.633) were recruited from secondary schools. The participants completed questionnaires with scales measuring attitudes toward LGB people. The results indicate that participants hold positive attitudes overall, but there are differences with regard to gender and educational level. In addition, the used instruments prove to be psychometrically sound for measuring LGB attitudes and this work contributes to the empirical debate about whether adolescents' attitudes toward lesbians, gay men and bisexual people underly domains of a general attitude toward LGB people. Our results indicate that students do not seem to distinguish among sexually diverse subgroups much, possibly a sign of increased awareness and knowledge of LGB groups. The use of one general measure of attitudes of sexually diverse people may be considered in future research.

Awareness Regarding Medical Device Safety among Physicians: A Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Survey

Abstract Background: With the huge inflow of medical devices into the healthcare market, it is imperative to monitor the device safety throughout its period of usage, with the help of a systematic continual surveillance mechanism. Although the Materiovigilance Program of India has been formally introduced since 2015, there exists a dearth of awareness regarding its existence and functioning among the major stakeholders of patient safety. Addressing this gap, the study probes the awareness regarding materiovigilance among the doctors in eastern India. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was carried out using a 20-item structured survey tool to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of medical professionals regarding safety surveillance of medical devices. Responses obtained were statistically analyzed and interpreted. Results: Principal elements of medical device adverse event (MDAE) reporting were known to around 40% of respondents. However, the time frame for reporting an event/incident was found to be grossly unclear. Over 30% of respondents were aware of the effect of MDAEs and that its reporting could enhance patient safety. Items related to practice domains revealed that although around 50% of respondents of either category encountered MDAEs in their practice setup, only 10.95% of faculty and 6.41% of residents have reported it. Less than 5% of the respondents were ever trained on how to report MDAEs. The mean domain score for knowledge was on higher mark for the faculty, while that for attitude and practice domains were higher for the residents. Conclusion: There was a gross dearth of awareness regarding materiovigilance among the doctors. Enhanced sensitization regarding medical device safety surveillance in all healthcare levels can definitely help the situation ensuring patient safety.

The Relationship between Five Factors Personality Traits of Nursing Students and Their Attitudes towards Mental Patients

This study aimed to reveal the relationship between the personal traits of nursing students and their attitudes toward mental Patients. The randomized sample consisted of (144) selected students in the Faculty of Nursing at Al al-Bayt University, their ages ranged from (18 to 22) years. The result concluded that nursing students’ attitudes toward mental patients were negative. It also indicated that the trait openness to experience has a significant negative correlation on all domains of attitudes toward mental patients scale, the correlation of the conscientiousness trait with the domains of attitudes toward mental disorders is not significant, and the extraversion trait has significant positive correlation with stereotyping, pessimism and stigma domains. The agreeableness trait has a significant negative correlation with all domains of attitudes toward mental disorders scale. The neuroticism trait has a significant negative correlation with the domain of the tendency towards pity in students' attitudes toward mental patients, while the rest of the domains of students' attitudes toward mental patients were not significant. The results also indicated that there are significant differences in all domains of the attitudes toward mental patients scale due to the gender variable in favor of males; That is, males had more negative attitudes toward mental patients than females. It is also clear that there are no significant differences for the variables of academic level and cumulative average in the dimensions of attitudes toward mental disorders. The study recommends creating educational programs to educate students about the importance of carrying positive attitudes toward mental patients, which contributes to reducing the problems of mental patients.

Impact of implementing primary care-based medication for opioid use disorder on provider and staff perceptions.

Medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) is the management of opioid use disorder (OUD) on an outpatient basis with buprenorphine or buprenorphine/naloxone (or methadone, which is limited to federally certified opioid treatment programs). Primary care practices are well poised to provide comprehensive care for patients with OUD, including provision of MOUD. The aim of this study was to assess provider and staff OUD attitudes and role perceptions before and after implementation of a MOUD clinical service line. A survey was distributed to evaluate attitudes and perceptions of patients with OUD and provision of MOUD among providers and staff in an academic family medicine clinic. Surveys were distributed in December 2020 (73% response rate), prior to a substance use disorder educational training and MOUD service line implementation, which provided patients with OUD both primary care services and management with buprenorphine/naloxone. A follow-up survey was distributed in February 2022 (69% response rate).Training and implementation of the MOUD service line demonstrated improvements in the domains of motivation (+0.63), attitudes (+0.32), satisfaction (+0.38), role support (+0.48), role adequacy (+0.39), and safety (+0.79) among surveyed participants. The change in satisfaction and safety domains was statistically significant (P < .05). There was no change in the role legitimacy domain.Implementation of a primary care-based MOUD service line positively affected provider and staff motivation, attitudes, satisfaction, sense of safety, role support, and adequacy when working with patients with OUD. This highlights the benefits of MOUD-specific clinical support to optimize care delivery within primary care.

Cross-sectional study of the association of respiratory diseases health risk with environmental pollutants and climate change in Saudi Arabia.

Saudi Arabia is known for its dry climate. This arid climate of the region makes its ecosystems highly susceptible, with limited water resources and vulnerable agricultural fields. Therefore, it is crucial to comprehend the public's awareness and perceptions of environmental issues and climate change that have an impact on their health and immune system. This study employed a cross-sectional survey to examine the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) and related health impact of environmental pollutants and climate change in Saudi Arabia. The participants were chosen randomly from various regions across the kingdom. In this study, a total of 437 respondents were selected using convenience sampling (80.78% female and 19.22% male). Participants have fair knowledge on immunological and health effect of environmental pollution and climate change (94.3% and 87.5%, respectively). Participants are well aware of influence of environmental pollutants and climate change on spread of infectious diseases 51-94%. Significant correlation exists between participants of private sector in attitude domain of KAP (P = 0.003, χ2 = 5.139). Significant correlation exists between participants of private sector in attitude domain of KAP (P = 0.003, χ2 = 5.139. Participants are well aware of influence of environmental pollutants and climate change on spread of infectious diseases (51-94%). In conclusion, the health mission in Saudi Arabia has integrated order to manage the diseases that are related to climate change. It is crucial to enhance the knowledge and skills of general public regarding climate change and its impact on health.