Attenuation Of Electromagnetic Waves Research Articles

Dimensional Design of Cellulose Aerogels with Schottky Contact for Efficient Microwave Absorption.

Cellulose aerogels, as a novel class of carbon-based materials, exhibit immense potential in the field of microwave absorption (MWA) due to their biocompatibility, low density, unique porous structure, and tunable architecture. However, the development of multi-dimensional components with specialized heterogeneous structures, which are based on cellulose aerogels, remains a significant challenge. This 0D/1D/3D structural configuration facilitates tunable electromagnetic properties and favorable impedance matching. The Schottky contact at the ZnO/Ni interface, in particular, induces a strong interfacial polarization, and the multi-dimensional structural design results in multiple heterointerfaces. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the unique Schottky contact induces a Schottky barrier that causes band bending, facilitating the directed migration of electrons at the interface and the formation of an internal electric field, thus significantly accelerating the multipolar relaxation process. As anticipated, the CCMC/ZnO@Ni aerogel exhibits a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) value of -64.0 dB at 13.9 GHz at a thickness of 2.0 mm, and its effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) reaches 4.9 GHz. This work gives valuable guidance and inspiration for the design of multi-dimensional materials that are composed of dimensional gradient structures, which holds great application potential for electromagnetic wave (EMW) attenuation.

Recent Advances in Structural Design of Carbon/Magnetic Composites and their Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Applications.

Electromagnetic pollution protection and military stealth technologies underscore the urgent need to develop efficient electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials (EWAMs). Traditional EWAMs suffer from single absorption loss mechanisms, poor impedance matching, and weak reflection loss. To date, combining dielectric loss with magnetic loss in EWAMs have proven to be an effective approach to enhancing electromagnetic absorption performance. The structural design of composites plays a pivotal role in improving impedance matching and enhancing the attenuation of electromagnetic waves. It is widely regarded as one of the principal methods for fine-tuning electromagnetic parameters and response mechanisms. Among these, composites of carbon and magnetic materials have become a research hotspot due to their magnetoelectric synergistic effects and versatile microstructure design. Herein, the principles of electromagnetic wave absorption in terms of both the loss mechanism and impedance matching are outlined. The research progress on core-shell, skeleton, and hollow structure of carbon/magnetic composite EWAMs are summarized. The synthesis methods, absorption properties, and attenuation mechanisms of composites with these structures are described in detail. Finally, the limitations of carbon/magnetic composites in electromagnetic wave absorption are discussed, possible solutions are proposed, and future development directions for carbon/magnetic composite EWAMs are envisioned.

Activated Graphite with Richly Oxygenated Surface from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries for Microwave Absorption.

Designing spent graphite anodes from lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for applications beyond regenerated batteries offers significant potential for promoting the recycling of spent LIBs. The battery-grade graphite, characterized by a highly graphitized structure, demonstrates excellent conductive loss capabilities, making it suitable for microwave absorption. During the Li-ion intercalation and deintercalation processes in battery operation, the surface layer of spent graphite (SG) becomes activated, forming oxygen-rich functional groups that enhance the polarization loss mechanism. To further control the polarization loss and achieve optimized impedance matching, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is employed as a modifier. Herein, rGO serves as a binder, effectively combining individual SG particles. The matched Fermi levels of SG and rGO reduce the interfacial barrier, facilitating rapid electron transfer. Simultaneously, their combination forms a 3D conduction network, which not only enhances multiple scattering, reflection, and attenuation of electromagnetic waves but also provides abundant polarization centers for increased microwave absorption. As a result, the optimized SG/rGO aerogel achieves an impressive effective absorption bandwidth of 7.04GHz and accompanied by a minimum reflection loss of -51.1dB. This study broadens the scope of spent LIBs utilization and provides insights for wilder and more functional applications.

AlN/FeNi Microwave-Attenuating Ceramics with High-Efficiency Thermal Conductivity and Microwave Absorption.

The integration, miniaturization, and high frequency of microwave vacuum electronics put forward higher requirements for heat-conducting and wave-absorbing integrated materials. However, these materials must balance the dispersion and isolation of wave-absorbing components to optimize absorption while maintaining the continuity of thermal conductivity pathways with low defect rates and minimal interfaces. This presents a significant challenge in achieving both high thermal conductivity and efficient wave absorption simultaneously. Here, AlN/FeNi microwave-attenuating ceramics were synthesized via non-pressure sintering in a nitrogen atmosphere. The influence of FeNi content (0-20 wt%) on the density, phase composition, microstructure, microwave-absorption properties and thermal conductivity of the composites was investigated. AlN/FeNi composites consist primarily of an AlN phase with FeNi0.0578, Fe, AlYO3, and Al5Y3O12 as secondary phases, and the microstructure is uniform and dense. As the FeNi content rises from 0 to 20 wt%, the density of the composites sintered at 1800 °C × 2 h increases from 3.3 to 3.7 g/cm3. Their X-band (2-18 GHz) dielectric constant goes up from 6.5 to 8.5, the dielectric loss factor rises from 0.1 to 0.9, and thermal conductivity diminishes from 130 to 123 W/m·K. Upon reaching an FeNi content of 20 wt%, the composite achieves a minimum reflection loss of -39.1 dB at 9.5 GHz, with over 90% absorption across an effective absorption bandwidth covering 2.5 GHz. It exhibits excellent impedance matching, electromagnetic wave-attenuation properties, a relative density of 98.6%, and a thermal conductivity of 123 W m-1 K-1. The prepared AlN/FeNi composites, with integrated outstanding microwave-absorption capabilities and thermal conductivity, holds great promise for applications in 5G communications, aerospace, and artificial intelligence.

Bamboo-Inspired Hierarchically Hollow Aerogel MXene Fibers with Ultrafast Ionic Channels and Multiple Electromagnetic Wave Attenuation Routes Toward High-Performance Supercapacitors and Microwave Absorption.

2D materials feature large specific surface areas and abundant active sites, showing great potential in energy storage and conversion. However, the dense, stacked structure severely restricts its practical application. Inspired by the structure of bamboo in nature, hollow interior and porous exterior wall, hollow MXene aerogel fiber (HA-Ti3C2TX fiber) is proposed. Owing to continuous porous microstructure and optimized hollow cavity, this fiber possesses large accessible area to ions and abundant structural defects, leading to a fast charge transfer kinetics and high faradic activity. Consequently, the HA-Ti3C2TX fiber exhibits exceptional gravimetric capacitance of 355 F g-1. Besides, the solid-state asymmetric fiber-shaped supercapacitors (FSCs) display a high capacitance of 276 F g-1 and energy density of 9.58 Wh kg-1. Additionally, the HA-Ti3C2TX fiber delivers outstanding electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption performance with a minimum reflection loss of -52.39 dB and the effective absorption bandwidth up to 4.6 GHz, which is attributed to multiple reflection paths, strong dielectric loss from this hollow and porous structure. This novel design of hollow fiber provides a new reference for the construction of advanced fibers for energy storage and EMW absorption materials.

Multidimensional micro-nano heterostructures composed of nanofibers and micro dodecahedrons for electromagnetic wave attenuation and energy conversion

Multidimensional micro-nano heterostructures composed of nanofibers and micro dodecahedrons for electromagnetic wave attenuation and energy conversion

Correction: Hollow MoC/NC sphere for electromagnetic wave attenuation: direct observation of interfacial polarization on nanoscale hetero-interfaces

Correction for ‘Hollow MoC/NC sphere for electromagnetic wave attenuation: direct observation of interfacial polarization on nanoscale hetero-interfaces’ by Wenhuan Huang et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2022, 10, 1290–1298, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1TA09357F.

A Review on MXene/Nanocellulose Composites: Toward Wearable Multifunctional Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Application.

With the rapid development of mobile communication technology and wearable electronic devices, the electromagnetic radiation generated by high-frequency information exchange inevitably threatens human health, so high-performance wearable electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials are urgently needed. The 2D nanomaterial MXene exhibits superior EMI shielding performance owing to its high conductivity, however, its mechanical properties are limited due to the high porosity between MXene nanosheets. In recent years, it has been reported that by introducing natural nanocellulose as an organic framework, the EMI shielding and mechanical properties of MXene/nanocellulose composites can be synergically improved, which are expected to be widely used in wearable multifunctional shielding devices. In this review, the electromagnetic wave (EMW) attenuation mechanism of EMI shielding materials is briefly introduced, and the latest progress of MXene/nanocellulose composites in wearable multifunctional EMI shielding applications is comprehensively reviewed, wherein the advantages and disadvantages of different preparation methods and various types of composites are summarized. Finally, the challenges and perspectives are discussed, regarding the performance improvement, the performance control mechanism, and the large-scale production of MXene/nanocellulose composites. This review can provide guidance on the design of flexible MXene/nanocellulose composites for multifunctional electromagnetic protection applications in the future intelligent wearable field.

B─C Bonding Configuration Manipulation Strategy Toward Synergistic Optimization of Polarization Loss and Conductive Loss for Highly Efficient Electromagnetic Wave Absorption

AbstractIn non‐metallic atom‐doped carbonaceous materials, the disparity in electronegativity between the doped constituents and carbon atoms predetermines the bonding topology of covalent bonds and the distribution of electron density. This, consequently, influences the polarization and electron transport behavior within the doped domain and the electromagnetic wave attenuation attributes of the carbonaceous material. However, the influence of covalent bonds formed by doping with weakly electronegative atoms on electron density distribution, polarization effects, and electromagnetic wave attenuation remains uncharted. To address this deficiency, this study fabricates a porous carbonaceous material (NCP) and incorporates boron‐doped atoms to form a material with tunable B─C bonding configurations (B‐NCP). By modulating the B─C bonding configuration and proportion, it is feasible to achieve the synergistic optimization of conductive loss and polarization loss of the B‐NCP specimen. The optimized prototype B‐NCP‐1200 sample displays exceptionally efficient electromagnetic wave absorption capabilities with a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −52.03 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 5.36 GHz. This study presents a conscientious model for comprehending the electromagnetic attenuation mechanisms associated with weakly electronegative atom doping in carbon‐based electromagnetic wave‐absorbing materials.

Study on Novel Radar Absorbing Grilles of Aircraft Engine Inlet Based on Metasurface Design Theory

In modern warfare, the advancement of low detectable technology has made the reduction of an aircraft radar cross section (RCS) crucial for survivability, while engine inlets significantly impact the overall detectability index as major forward scattering sources. Inspired by radar absorbing structures (RASs) based on metasurface theory, as well as the spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) theory, this paper proposes a comprehensive design of radar absorbing grilles (RAGs) which are installed at the inlet aperture of the aircraft intake, where RAGs allow airflow to cross through and absorb the detecting radar wave. To enhance the ability of electromagnetic wave attenuation, an indium tin oxide (ITO) film is added in the middle of the RAGs to change the impedance characteristics. This study clarifies the mechanism influencing radar wave absorption characteristics through design parameters (unit length and sheet resistance) and radar characteristic parameters (frequency, incident angle, and polarization mode). The absorption peak gradually shifts towards lower frequencies with the increase in unit length from 8 to 16 mm of the grille. The integrated average absorption first increases and then decreases with the increase in sheet resistance from 100 to 800 Ω/□ applied as ITO film in the middle of the grille. When the unit length of RAG is 12 mm and 400 Ω/□, the sheet resistance is applied, and a 90% absorption bandwidth is achieved to 100% within the 8–18 GHz band. The 90% absorption bandwidth reaches 72.3% in the 2–18 GHz band while maintaining absorption above 40% in the 2–8 GHz band. The integrated average absorption reaches 0.887, and the 90% absorption bandwidth increases to 255.6% of the original model’s bandwidth. The results indicate that the proposed RAGs based on metasurface exhibit broadband absorption performance and high angular stability, providing technical support for further application of these grilles in aircraft engine inlets.

Design and fabrication of 1D nanomaterials for electromagnetic wave absorption.

The design and fabrication of high-performance electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing materials are essential in developing electronic communication technology for defense and civilian applications. These materials function by interacting with EMWs, creating various effects such as polarization relaxation, magnetic resonance, and magnetic hysteresis in order to absorb EMWs. Significant progress has been made to improve the dimensional performance of such materials, emphasizing the 'thin, light, broad, and strong' functional specifications. One-dimensional (1D) nanostructures are characterized by high surface area, low density, and unique electromagnetic properties, providing promising solutions to address some of the challenges in facilitating multiple reflections and wideband resonances, which are crucial for effective EMW attenuation. This paper provides an overview of recent advances in exploring 1D structures for enhancing EMW absorption and their controllability. The design and fabrication of nanofibers, nanowires, and other 1D nanostructures are highlighted. The advantages of 1D nanomaterials in EMW absorption are also described. Challenges and future directions are discussed, focusing on developing new design concepts and fabrication methods for achieving high-performance and lightweight EMW absorbers and enhancing fundamental understanding of EMW absorption mechanisms.

Non-uniform electron density estimation based on electromagnetic wave attenuation in plasma

Abstract The surface of a high-speed vehicle reentering the atmosphere is surrounded by plasma sheath. Due to the influence of the inhomogeneous flow field around the vehicle, understanding the electromagnetic properties of the plasma sheath can be challenging. Obtaining the electron density of the plasma sheath is crucial for understanding and achieving plasma stealth of vehicles. In this work, the relationship between electromagnetic wave attenuation and electron density is deduced theoretically. The attenuation distribution along the propagation path is found to be proportional to the integral of the plasma electron density. This result is used to predict the electron density profile. Furthermore, the average electron density is obtained using a back-propagation neural network algorithm. Finally, the spatial distribution of the electron density can be determined from the average electron density and the normalized derivative of attenuation with respect to the propagation depth. Compared to traditional probe measurement methods, the proposed approach not only improves efficiency but also preserves the integrity of the plasma environment.

Hierarchically porous N-doped dual-carbon coupled Co5.47N composite with tunable electromagnetic shielding and absorption properties

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) and pollution issues are becoming increasingly prominent. It is of great scientific significance and practical value to develop lightweight, efficient and tunable electromagnetic wave (EMW) attenuating materials. Herein, a three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical porous N-doped dual-carbon (glucose-derived carbon and reduced graphene oxide (rGO)) coupled Co5.47N (Co5.47N@HNCF) composite was reasonably designed and prepared via simple and low-cost methods, which exhibited excellent electromagnetic attenuation properties. By appropriately adjusting the filling amount of Co5.47N@HNCF, tunable EMI shielding and EMW absorption properties could be achieved. At high filling amount (40 wt%), the highly conductive Co5.47N@HNCF composite had excellent EMI shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) in X-band (8.2–12.4 GHz), with a maximum total electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (SET) of 81.6 dB (average EMI SE of 76.8 dB) and a thickness of 2 mm. Particularly, when the thickness is only 0.8 mm, the SET could reach 32 dB. While at low filling amount (15 wt%), Co5.47N@HNCF composite with suitable impedance matching showed remarkable EMW absorption performance, exhibiting high values of reflection loss (RL) of −45.86 dB in 2–18 GHz. The high-performance EMW attenuation in Co5.47N@HNCF could be ascribed to the construction of stable 3D conductive dual-carbon frameworks and Co5.47N nanoparticles with abundant N vacancies. The dielectric and magnetic components of the system acted synergistically, possessing abundant heterogeneous interfaces and defects, which could induce various loss modes such as multiple reflections/scattering, conductive loss, magnetic loss and polarization loss to synergistically dissipate EMW. Therefore, this study endeavors to give an effective strategy for the preparation of low-cost, lightweight, and highly efficient tunable EMW attenuation materials.

A multifunctional carbon fiber composite film inspired by pumpkin growth toward tunable electromagnetic interference shielding

Carbon fiber composite film is an excellent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding material. However, its further application is limited by its single-loss characteristics of electromagnetic waves and unadjustable EMI shielding performance. Inspired by pumpkin growth, a carbon fiber/Co and Ni nanoparticles composite (PCF/CN) with porous, multi-interface, and cross-linked structure was designed through in-situ growth strategy in this work. In this process, Co2+ and Ni2+ were used as ovules while the composite nanofibers were used as the ovaries to provide active sites for seed growth. Polyether (P123) inside the composite nanofibers decompose under a high-temperature treatment and form a porous structure. The polyacrylonitrile (PAN) will form the "peel" during the high-temperature treatment. The PCF/CN provides abundant pores, plentiful non-homogeneous interfaces, and rich conduction paths for the attenuation of electromagnetic waves. After encapsulation with waterborne polyurethane (WPU), the obtained flexible PCF/CN/W composite film displays tunable EMI shielding efficiency using the "Origami" strategy. And the EMI shielding efficiency for PCF/CN-2/W reaches 24.73 dB after two folds due to the absorption loss, reflection loss, conduction loss, and interfacial polarization of the porous multi-interface cross-linked structure. Interestingly, the fabricated composite film also exhibits excellent photothermal conversion performance with fast thermal response time and stability. In addition, the resultant composite film processed sensitive sensing function to detect human joint motion.

Multifunctional molecular precursor with tunable nano-microarchitecture enables exceptional electromagnetic waves absorption

Multi-component carbon is a promising candidate for electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption materials. However, complex and non-green preparation process with low atomic utilization efficiency compromises the merits of carbon materials. Additionally, enhancing the electromagnetic wave absorption (EMWA) is highly desirable. To face the challenge, a multifunctional molecular precursor (DQSDCI) has been developed, characterized by high atom utilization efficiency (high char yield), abundant in-situ nitrogen doping, multi-sites for composite of nano-materials (e.g. CNT) or metal ion (e.g. iron) and green preparation (water solubility). The multi-component carbons derived from DQSDCI, featuring adjustable nanostructures (nanoribbons or nanosheets) and modifiable porosity, demonstrate outstanding EMWA. The multicomponent carbon of DQSDCI, iron and CNT (DQSDCI-Fe-CNT-700) demonstrated a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −69.57 dB and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EABmax) of 5.7 GHz at about 2 mm thickness, covering a wide frequency range (4–18 GHz) by controlling the thickness between 1 and 5 mm. Moreover, simulation results indicated that the derived nanosheet is very promising application for aircraft stealth in a monostatic radar system. Abundant in-situ N doping, uniform distribution of MWCNT and ferromagnetic nanoparticles, hierarchical pore structures and various heterogeneous interfaces can synergistically improve the EMW attenuation ability by forming optimal impedance matching and multi-polarization loss.

A facile strategy for customizing multifunctional magnetic‑dielectric carbon microflower superstructures deposited with carbon nanotubes

The novel fabrication of multiple components and unique heterostructure can inject infinite vitality into the electromagnetic wave (EMW) attenuation field. Herein, through the self-assembly of polyimide complexes and catalytic chemical vapor deposition, porous carbon microflowers were synthesized accompanied by carbon nanotubes (CNTs). By regulating the metal ions, the composition and structure of the as-obtained hybrids are modified correspondingly, and thus the adjustable thermal management and EMW absorption capabilities are obtained. In detail, the rich pores and huge specific surface area endow the hierarchical structures with distinguished thermal insulation ability (λ<0.07). The carbon framework and CNTs are beneficial for consuming EMWs via conductive loss and defect polarization loss while reducing the filling ratio and thickness. The doped heteroatoms and abundant heterointerfaces generate ample dipole polarization and interface polarization losses (supported by DFT calculation). The metal nanoparticles uniformly embedded in the carbon framework offer optimized impedance matching, proper defect polarization, and suitable magnetic loss. Accordingly, the synergy of magnetic-dielectric balance and flower-like superstructure enables FNCFN2 and NNCFN2 to accomplish remarkable microwave absorbing capacity with thin thickness (14 wt.%). Therefore, respectable specific reflection loss and specific effective absorption bandwidth are acquired (215.39 dB mm–1 and 22.10 GHz mm–1, 257.23 dB mm–1 and 22.12 GHz mm–1 respectively), superior to those of certain renowned carbon-based absorbers. The simulation results of electric field intensity distributions, power loss density, and radar cross section reduction (maximum value of 36.02 dBm2) also verify the prominent radar stealth capability. Moreover, the customizable approach can be applied to other metals to obtain fulfilling behaviors. Henceforth, this work provides profound insights into the relationship between structure and performance, and proposes an efficient path for mass-producing multifunctional and high-performance EMW absorbers with excellent thermal properties.

Interfacial metallization in segregated structured PEEK composite for enhanced thermal conductivity and electromagnetic interference shielding

The increasing integration of electronic devices has created an urgent demand for multi-functional composites with efficient thermal management and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) continuous metal–carbon hybrid thermally/electrically conductive network structure is fabricated by in-situ nickel plating of core–shell structured polyetheretherketone (PEEK) hybrid particles. The hybrid particles realize phonon and electron dual heat-transfer pathways and reduce the interfacial thermal resistance by using metallic Ni nanoparticles to bridge the gap. Furthermore, the interfacial metallization and segregated structure significantly enrich the multiple electromagnetic wave reflection and attenuation mechanisms. The PEEK composites with metallized-segregated structure and filler content of 28.26 vol% exhibit an excellent through-plane thermal conductivity of 6.52 W m−1·K−1 and an efficient EMI shielding of 91 dB, thus demonstrating their significant potential as multi-functional thermal management materials. The heat-transfer and EMI shielding process of the composites can be visualised using the finite element model, which further proves the effectiveness of the segregated structure and metallization. This simple and efficient strategy is expected to facilitate the manufacture of multi-functional thermal management composites with high thermal conductivity and excellent EMI shielding.

Impact of Structural Design of Knitted Fabrics on Shielding from Radiation of Wi-Fi Technologies

Abstract The goal of the study is to determine and compare the attenuation of electromagnetic waves at 2.4 - 2.5 GHz frequency between plain single jersey and 1x1 rib knitted fabric. For knitting the samples, three different types of metal-contained yarns, their combinations, and cotton yarn were used. Two horn antennas and a network analyzer were used to characterize the transmission of the samples in the frequency range of 2.4-2.5 GHz. Obtained results show, that in mentioned frequency range single jersey knitted samples attenuate better than the rib samples.

Imaging of permeability defect distribution by electromagnetic tomography with hybrid L1 normand nuclear normpenalty terms.

Electromagnetic tomography (EMT), with the advantages of being non-contact, non-invasiveness, low cost, simple structure, and fast imaging speed, is a multi-functional tomography technique based on boundary measurement voltages to image the conductivity distribution within the sensing field. EMT is widely used in industrial and biomedical fields. Currently, there are few studies on the application of EMT in magnetic permeability materials, which makes it difficult to obtain high-quality reconstructed images due to its own properties that lead to obvious attenuation of electromagnetic waves during propagation, as well as the ill-posed and ill-conditioned characteristics of EMT. In this paper, a multi-feature objective function integrating L2 normregularization, L1 normregularization, and low-rank normregularization is proposed to solve the challenge of magnetic permeability material imaging. This approach emphasizes the smoothness and sparsity. The split Bregman algorithm is introduced to efficiently solve the proposed objective function by decomposing the complex optimization problem into several simple sub-task iterative schemes. In addition, a nine-coil planar array electromagnetic sensor was developed and a flexible modular EMT system was constructed. We use correlation coefficient and error coefficient as indicators to evaluate the performance of the proposed image reconstruction algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed method in improving the reconstruction accuracy and robustness is verified through numerical simulations and experiments.

Electromagnetic wave absorption property of crosslinked holey Fe/FeO/Fe2O3/RGO nanocomposite

Integrating graphene with magnetic materials that possess tailored morphologies, structures, and abundant heterointerfaces is an effective strategy for optimizing electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption performance. Here, a straightforward three-step method for synthesizing holey Fe/FeO/Fe2O3 nanosheet (FO)/reduced graphene oxide (FORGO) nanocomposites as high-performance EM wave absorbers was presented. The process involves anchoring holey Fe/FeO/Fe₂O₃ nanosheets onto reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and forming crosslinking structures between the holey nanosheets and RGO as the graphene oxide (GO) concentration exceeds 3 mg ml⁻1. By adjusting the FO/RGO ratio, both EM wave absorption performance and impedance matching can be effectively tuned. FORGO4 achieves a maximum reflection loss of −28.17 dB and an effective bandwidth (below −10 dB) of 4.10 GHz at a thickness of 2.18 mm. Leveraging the unique morphology and structure, along with the dielectric and magnetic components, a multifaceted synergistic mechanism—encompassing multiple reflection/scattering, interface polarization, dipole polarization, conductive loss, eddy current loss, exchange resonance, and optimal impedance matching—is demonstrated in the EM wave dissipation processes. Additionally, the significant contribution of multiple interface polarizations triggered by heterointerfaces to EM wave attenuation is noted. However, quantifying the contribution of interface polarization remains challenging. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations based on first principles are employed to verify the interface polarization.