Attentive Listening Research Articles

Unmittelbare Reaktionen von Menschen mit Demenz auf individualisierte Musik - Analyse von Verhaltensbeobachtungen im Pflegeheim .

The research objective of the study was the investigation of the immediate effects of an individualized music intervention in a nursing home using a newly developed systematic behavioral observation rating scale. In 153 behavioral observations of 20 PwD, 32 different experiences and behaviors pertaining to 11 categories such as emotional and motor changes which indicate immediate reactions to listening to music were rated. Participants showed significantly more positive reactions (e. g. joy or relaxation) and less negative reactions immediately after listening to the music compared to before. Moreover, in the course of listening to music, participants showed significantly more positive reactions, most often smiles, movements to music, attentive listening, relaxation and general vigilance / interest / social contact. The systematic behavioral observation rating scale proved to be a suitable method for rating the experiences and behaviors of people with dementia. Listening to individualized music seems to be a helpful intervention for PwD in institutional care settings.

Age-Related Differences in Auditory Cortex Activity During Spoken Word Recognition.

Understanding spoken words requires the rapid matching of a complex acoustic stimulus with stored lexical representations. The degree to which brain networks supporting spoken word recognition are affected by adult aging remains poorly understood. In the current study we used fMRI to measure the brain responses to spoken words in two conditions: an attentive listening condition, in which no response was required, and a repetition task. Listeners were 29 young adults (aged 19–30 years) and 32 older adults (aged 65–81 years) without self-reported hearing difficulty. We found largely similar patterns of activity during word perception for both young and older adults, centered on the bilateral superior temporal gyrus. As expected, the repetition condition resulted in significantly more activity in areas related to motor planning and execution (including the premotor cortex and supplemental motor area) compared to the attentive listening condition. Importantly, however, older adults showed significantly less activity in probabilistically defined auditory cortex than young adults when listening to individual words in both the attentive listening and repetition tasks. Age differences in auditory cortex activity were seen selectively for words (no age differences were present for 1-channel vocoded speech, used as a control condition), and could not be easily explained by accuracy on the task, movement in the scanner, or hearing sensitivity (available on a subset of participants). These findings indicate largely similar patterns of brain activity for young and older adults when listening to words in quiet, but suggest less recruitment of auditory cortex by the older adults.

On Listening as Analysis: TheSelfie OrchestraProject

Our paper addresses the notion of listening as a method of analysis. Our reflections stem from our development of an interactive sound art piece entitled Selfie Orchestra. This work is produced with sound, image, and GPS data gleaned from audience members’ cell phones. It features an interactive 3D simulation of the La Friche la Belle de Mai district in Marseille, France. We begin with a brief description of this project, highlighting our attempts to provoke expanded forms of listening through the technological innovations at the heart of the work. We then turn to a theoretical examination of listening as a method for reflection and research in the social sciences, with specific reference to Henri Lefebvre’s evocative concept of ‘rhythmanalysis.’ We reflect briefly on John Cage’s work 4’33” (1952) and Max Neuhaus’s Listen (1966) as precedent artworks that make space for attentive listening. We then contrast the open-ended interactivity promoted by these works with the more constrained forms we have been developing with Selfie Orchestra. We conclude with thoughts on how Selfie Orchestra demonstrates the strengths of listening as a method of analysis when the latter is understood following its ancient Greek conception as a form of ‘loosening.’

Learning the Elsewhere of ‘Inner Space’

How is access to the Elsewhere facilitated through affective pedagogy in a contemporary Sufi setting in Germany? This article draws analytical lessons from Inayati healing seminars that took place in the summer of 2013. Participants were instructed to feel the Elsewhere of ‘inner space’ in the material/corporeal realities by attuning to breath, sonic resonance, collective movement, and attentive listening. The affective pedagogy of the teacher extended the spatial-temporal coordinates of the Elsewhere (as framed by Mittermaier) to include ‘fleeting affects’ among its unknown elements. These pedagogic tactics entangled religious and secular life-worlds with aesthetic and therapeutic traditions. Learning to feel the unknown affects emanating from the Elsewhere in this setting aimed to provide existential resources to cope with the everyday struggles of post-secular life.

TEACHING COMMUNICATION AT LESSONS OF ENGLISH THROUGH BUILDING SEL (SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL LEARNING) SKILLS

Teaching communication at lessons of English is a vital part of effective lessons of English. Productive communication includes attentive and appreciative listening, clear self-expression as well as main language competences. By practicing communicative skills, students gain a wide range of social skills which are an integral part of expressing opinions, justifying, negotiations, debating, agreeing and disagreeing, making analysis and generalization.The purpose of the article is to generalize foreign strategies in the frame of SEL that gives an opportunity to improve students’ academic outcomes, graduation rates and test scores, makes it easier for students to develop their emotional intelligence, become team-oriented and enhance their leadership skills. The core principles of SEL (Social and Emotional Learning) constitute the practical strategies of teaching communication at the lessons of English though building SEL skills. The author analyzes foreign experience about the impact of enhancing students’ social and emotional learning, effectiveness of school-based universal, social, emotional and behavioral programs, promoting positive youth development through emotional learning interventions in the scientific works of J.A. Durlak.The author defines core factors which are an integral part of SEL implementation, describes a variety of approaches, key elements and strategies which influence students’ communicative skills, eagerness to become active participants of cooperative learning. The author underlines the fact that obtaining emotional vocabulary at lessons of English is essential for both receptive and productive skills of modern students. The ability to differentiate speakers’ emotions, voice tunes, interrogative and negative intonation, reference to the previous events or future perspectives is the skill to be developed by using SEL techniques. One of the strategies, the author describes in the article, is using Emotional and Scenario Cards in the frame of SEL which can be integrated into the process of teaching English aimed at improving students’ communicative skills.

Poor neural and perceptual phoneme discrimination during acoustic variation in dyslexia

Whereas natural acoustic variation in speech does not compromise phoneme discrimination in healthy adults, it was hypothesized to be a challenge for developmental dyslexics. We investigated dyslexics’ neural and perceptual discrimination of native language phonemes during acoustic variation. Dyslexics and non-dyslexics heard /æ/ and /i/ phonemes in a context with fo variation and then in a context without it. Mismatch negativity (MMN) and P3a responses to phoneme changes were recorded with electroencephalogram to compare groups during ignore and attentive listening. Perceptual phoneme discrimination in the variable context was evaluated with hit-ratios and reaction times. MMN/N2bs were diminished in dyslexics in the variable context. Hit-ratios were smaller in dyslexics than controls. MMNs did not differ between groups in the context without variation. These results suggest that even distinctive vowels are challenging to discriminate for dyslexics when the context resembles natural variability of speech. This most likely reflects poor categorical perception of phonemes in dyslexics. Difficulties to detect linguistically relevant invariant information during acoustic variation in speech may contribute to dyslexics’ deficits in forming native language phoneme representations during infancy. Future studies should acknowledge that simple experimental paradigms with repetitive stimuli can be insensitive to dyslexics’ speech processing deficits.

A vida em forma de história: tempos/lugares de experiência

A pesquisa intitulada “A vida em Forma de História: tempos/lugares de experiência” objetivou tecer significações de ordem teórico-metodológica a respeito da pesquisa biográfico narrativa mediante produção da história de vida de uma destacada educadora/pesquisadora do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Portanto, essa vida em forma de história apresenta-se, neste texto, como rico material para, ao modelar eventos vividos, evidenciar dimensões relativas a tempos/lugares experienciais constituintes dessa história como elementos compreensivos caros à pesquisa (auto)biográfica. O circuito narrativo, constituído pela palavra dada e escuta atenta, forneceu elementos analíticos para a busca desse desiderato. No processo de análise, mediante Compreensão Cênica, buscamos apreender os sentidos que lugares e momentos vivenciados, narrados reflexivamente, ocupam no decorrer dessa história. É pela reflexão, empreendida no seio do circuito narrativo, que as vivências evoluem em experiências significativas, formadoras, portanto, via uma história singular e, ao mesmo tempo plural, desde que busca construir significações do vivido em dado e datado contexto sócio-histórico. A pesquisa (auto)biográfica opera, assim, histórias de vida que representam, além de um produto, nesse caso, a vida de uma destacada educadora sul-rio-grandense em forma de história, uma opção teórico-metodológica que inclui dimensões formativas da sensibilidade humana em processo de significação de identidades narrativas. Assim, ao mesmo tempo em que homenageamos uma vida, o presente artigo tem como escopo iluminar oportunidades que a pesquisa em histórias de vida proporciona pela reflexão do narrado, possibilitando compreensões a respeito de modos pelos quais o sujeito autobiográfico se (re)inventa: no presente pela rememoração do passado, projetando-se na produção, presente/futura, de uma aprendizagem mediada por uma história composta por um conjunto de experiências vividas em tempos e lugares biográfico narrativos.

A escuta clínica: análise da linguagem simbólica de pessoas com estomias intestinais

O corpo pode ser compreendido a partir de uma perspectiva simbólica; por representações que abarcam a linguagem, em especial, a simbólica, cuja escuta atenta é importante para o entendimento da dimensão do sofrer. OBJETIVO: Analisar o emprego dos verbos páthicos (querer, poder e dever) na fala quotidiana de pessoas com estomias para compreensão do processo mental e da experiência vivida. MÉTODO: Estudo clínico-qualitativo, dados coletados por entrevistas abertas, submetidas à análise temática. Os sujeitos foram seis pessoas com estomia intestinal em acompanhamento em um hospital Universitário, no Brasil. Critérios de inclusão: ser usuário do serviço de estomaterapia do hospital em questão; apresentar estomia intestinal (definitiva ou provisória); aceitar participar do estudo; assinar o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido; ser maior de 18 anos. Critérios de exclusão: não se sentir em condições físicas e/ ou psíquicas para participar. Pesquisa aprovada pelo CEP da Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade de Brasília, sob o ofício de nº 033/12. RESULTADOS: Da análise emergiram duas categorias: 1) O corpo biológico: a experiência vivida no corpo efetivo material e, 2) O corpo vivido: a experiência vivida e sentida no corpo erótico-libidinal. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: Em todos os casos apresentados os verbos páthicos se fizeram presentes marcando o movimento vivido. O método qualitativo permite a significação da linguagem ordinária configurando possibilidades para a praxis do cuidado.

COMMUNICATIVE TOLERANCE AS A PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEM

The article analyses theoretically the psychological concept of communicative tolerance and examines the performed empirical study on the traits attributed by respondents to an “ideal” interlocutor. The article authors note that quite a large number of different definitions of the phenomenon of communicative tolerance by scientists actually do not help to create a deep, generalized, holistic understanding of this concept, so searches for the optimal interpretation of this concept are permanent. Therefore, it is important to identify common content of these definitions. Various author's understandings of the term “communicative tolerance”, its main features and structure were analyzed, as well as its two main directions: the interpretation of communicative tolerance as a speech, communicative category, and understanding it as a psychological phenomenon were distinguished. The article authors state that depending on the approach to the analysis of communicative tolerance, scientists in psychology focus mainly on the content characteristics of this concept, while linguists are more interested in the formal side of the manifestation of this phenomenon. The article demonstrates that two groups of personal traits appeared the most often at students’ estimation of prerequisites for optimal communication: 1) the ability to communicate, namely: sociability, interest, attentive listening, hearing and understanding of an interlocutor, appropriate jokes and cheering up; respect for an interlocutor without violation of personal communicative boundaries; accurateness and clearness in statements; 2) moral development / personal morality: responsiveness, openness, empathy, tact, politeness, reliability, tolerance. The authors argue that communicative tolerance is an attitude to an interlocutor as an individual who has the right to be themselves, to express their own opinion and defend their convictions, to show their own individuality in communication; communicative tolerance is also a positive readiness to the perception of everything said in order to solve possible problems through mutual agreements based on common goals, values and interests. &nbsp

Prelicensure Nursing Students Developing Clinical Judgment Through Emotional Intelligence: A Qualitative Interpretive Descriptive Study

Clinical judgment is an essential skill required for nurses to provide safe, quality patient care. Nurse educators must develop effective teaching strategies to assist prelicensure nursing students in developing clinical judgment skills. The objective of this study was to determine if a teaching strategy focused on the affective domain of learning and emotional intelligence could be an effective strategy to promote the development of clinical judgment. A guest speaker was invited to the classroom and provided her “lived experience” with multiple sclerosis, which provided a storytelling method of learning. An interpretive descriptive qualitative study was conducted with twenty-one prelicensure diploma registered nursing students enrolled in a medical-surgical nursing course (in the United States of America). Tanner’s Clinical Judgment Model (noticing, interpreting, responding, and reflecting) was used as the theoretical framework to guide data analysis. Four themes emerged from the data: 1) attentive listening (noticing), 2) understanding the patient’s experience (interpreting), 3) compassionate and empathetic care (responding), and 4) treat the patient as a person, not as a disease (reflecting). Results indicated that storytelling via “lived experiences” is an effective teaching strategy which promotes learning through the affective domain and emotional intelligence while also assisting students in developing clinical judgment. Clinical judgment skills are essential for the graduate nurse transitioning to practice.

Formare i seminaristi all’uso attento del televisore

Since its inception, the TV has spread rapidly in all homes, becoming an indispensable piece in the family environment around which relationships, habits, lifestyles are built, becoming a simple and inexpensive source of information and use of free time. Recent generations have grown up with TV and become addicted to the small screen, causing psychophysical injuries, uncontrolled behavioral outbursts caused by image culture that influences objective reality, presenting false images as an ambiguous game in which everything appears simple, easy, happy and rich, replacing the truth with the opinion. In a consumer society, advertising is a form of communication that aims to encourage the purchase of products by producing an automation in the listener that immediately accepts the offer of immediate happiness. The modern man can choose to be teleconsumer, teledependent, teleignorant or teleintelligent; but for the fruitful use of the television a slow work is needed based on patience, introspection, interiorization, silence and attentive listening.

Relationality and Attunement in Teaching Christian Ethics

I identify my priority in teaching Christian ethics as fostering relationality, both in individual and collective contexts. I argue that focusing on the idea of relationality enables us to explore connections that exist or should exist between individuals and groups. For me, fostering relationality involves building an intellectual understanding of moral relationality and embodying this understanding in practical situations. In order to contain the theme of this study, I focus on a specific aspect of relationality, namely the idea of attunement. I propose attentive listening, openness to innovation and fostering the spirit of tranquillity as key components of the ethics of attunement.

Facilitators to Accessibility of HIV/AIDS-Related Health Services among Transgender Women Living with HIV in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

The study aimed to explore facilitators or enabling factors that enhance accessibility (defined as the opportunity to be able to use) to HIV/AIDS-related health services among HIV positive transgender women, also known as Waria in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A qualitative study employing one-on-one in-depth interviews was conducted from December 2017 to February 2018. Participants were HIV positive Waria recruited using purposive and snowball sampling techniques. Data were analysed using the framework analysis for qualitative research. The findings showed that participants' knowledge of HIV/AIDS and the availability of HIV/AIDS-related health services were enablers to the services accessibility. Emotional support from fellow Waria displayed in various ways, such as kind and caring attention, attentive listening, and encouraging words, was an important social support that played a role in supporting Waria's accessibility to the services. HIV/AIDS-related health service information shared personally or jointly by fellow Waria and instrumental support including helping each other to collect antiretroviral (ARV) from hospitals or community health centres, contacting ambulance in emergency situations, accompanying each other to health service facilities, and helping those without the health insurance to receive free health services were also the social support enabling accessibility to the services among the study participants. Appraisal support such as providing constructive feedback and affirmation was another enabling factor to Waria's accessibility to the services. The findings indicate the needs to broadly disseminate information and educate Waria populations and their significant others about HIV/AIDS and related health services to raise their awareness of HIV/AIDS and acceptance of HIV/AIDS positive individuals. Educating and broadly disseminating this information in other settings in the country will also increase accessibility to the HIV/AIDS services among Waria, their families, and communities addressing the currently existing inequities in health. The findings also reinforce the importance of the establishment of Waria peer-support groups within Waria communities and the involvement of Waria in HIV/AIDS activities and programs, which may increase their awareness of HIV/AIDS, and accessibility to HIV/AIDS-related health services.

Hemodynamic responses to visual cues during attentive listening in autonomous versus manual simulated driving: A pilot study

Emerging automation technologies could have a strong impact on the allocation of drivers’ attentional resources. The first objective of this pilot study is to investigate the hemodynamic responses evoked to relevant visual stimuli in manual and autonomous driving. The second aim is to examine how the inclusion of a secondary task (attentive listening to a broadcast) modulates these hemodynamic responses in both driving situations. Frontal, temporo-parietal and occipital activations were recorded using a functional Near-InfraRed Spectroscopy (fNIRS) system. Event-related analysis was used to determine whether visual cue processing (specifically, the lighting of a lead vehicle’s brake-lights) could induce different brain responses depending on the driving mode and on the presence or absence of a competing task. Mind-wandering as reported by the participants was more pronounced during autonomous compared to manual driving. Our results showed an increase in the OxyHb concentration in the right temporo-parietal and occipital areas during manual compared to autonomous driving, suggesting greater allocation of attentional resources for processing visual cues in the first condition. Finally, an event-related decrease in right frontal activity during autonomous driving when listening was observed, suggesting that attentional resources were more focused on the secondary task than on monitoring the driving scene.

Patient Self-worth and Communication Barriers to Trust of Israeli Patients in Acute-Care Physicians at Public General Hospitals.

Patient trust is positively related to health outcomes, but there remain barriers to patient trust in physicians. This narrative study analyzed patient experiences and highlights barriers to patient trust underlying communication with physicians in acute care. Snowball sampling was used. Informants were 12 participants, in poor physical health, upon discharge from a 3-week hospitalization in an acute-care setting at an Israeli public general hospital. Two narrative interviews were conducted with each participant upon and after discharge. Findings suggest presurgery barriers to trust (lack of acknowledgment of patient's crisis, underrating patient's autonomy, and use of unique empathy) and postsurgery barriers to trust (lack of attentive listening, lack of medical professionalism, and delegitimization to patients' self-alienation). Two common narrative identities emerged linking trust with self-worth. To build trust, physicians are called upon to extend their dedication from dedication to improve clinical outcomes to dedication to improve clinical outcomes and preserve patients' self-worth.

Da epistemologia à prática docente na educação infantil: relato de uma sequência didática

Com este artigo objetiva-se apresentar uma sequência didática (SD) que foi desenvolvida em uma turma de Educação Infantil – nível Pré A1, em uma escola da rede particular de ensino de Santa Maria, RS. O estudo foi realizado no segundo semestre de 2018, com treze crianças na faixa etária de 4 anos de idade. Como abordagem investigativa, o estudo caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa-ação e constitui-se em um recorte da Dissertação de Mestrado em Ensino de Humanidades e Linguagens, elaborada pela primeira autora. O quadro teórico fundamenta-se em documentos relativos à Educação Infantil, foco de investigação e em autores como: Morin (1999 e 2011); Nóvoa (2009); Oliveira (2011 e 2014); Cancian & Goelzer (2016); Rinaldi (2017), entre outros. Com o relato dessa experiência foi possível constatar que na Educação Infantil, é necessário levar em conta a escuta atenta do que as crianças sinalizam querer conhecer a cada momento, como canais abertos para o aprender. Para isso, requer do professor uma intencionalidade educativa para com as crianças, para saber como progredir chegar junto a elas, harmonizando ensinar e aprender.

Feminist foreign policy as ethical foreign policy? A care ethics perspective

This article argues that a liberal cosmopolitan approach to feminist foreign policy reproduces existing relations of power, including gender power relations and Western liberal modes of domination. I suggest that a critical feminist ethic of care offers a potentially radical and transformative account of ethics as a basis for a transnational feminism – one that reveals and troubles the binary gender norms that constitute the international and which exposes the ways in which patriarchal orders uphold political hierarchies that obstruct the building of empathy and repairing of relationship. To illustrate this argument, I address the recent diplomatic crises faced by Sweden and Canada in their relationships with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Policymakers and diplomats must aim to build understanding by recognizing the material and discursive factors that have constructed, over time, the relationships between Saudi Arabia and Sweden/Canada, as well as the ways in which patriarchal structures – across the globe and at multiple scales – hinder the possibility of attentive listening and connection across borders. It is only through the prism of this relationship – where difference takes on meaning – that the more complex role of Western states in the contemporary system of transnational militarism is revealed.

Sleep and women intimate partner victimization: prevalence, effects and good practices in health care settings.

Intimate Partner Violence is a global health issue with higher prevalence worldwide, mostly in women, higher social and economic costs and devastating physical and mental health consequences for the victims. Sleep disturbances has been associated with other mental health issues, being an important symptom when diagnosing post-traumatic stress disorder, depression or anxiety. It can also constitute an important sign to help health professionals to identify potential victims of intimate partner violence. This review paper main objectives are to address the connection between intimate partner violence and sleep disruption, the role and barriers of health professionals in screening this type of violence when sleep problems are present, and to describe good practices in order to identify these victims and to provide support. It has been found that intimate partner victims commonly experience significant sleep disturbances that include truncated sleep, nightmares and less restful sleep. Health professionals are first-line professionals with a pivot role to screen and identify women victims. However, a set of personal (e.g., lack of knowledge and inadequate perceptions about violence, cultural issues) and organizational barriers (e.g., time constraints, lack of training, absence of institutional protocols) may limit the accurate reading of those symptoms. Accordingly, health professionals must be alert not only to physical health conditions associated with violence (acute physical injuries, chronic physical injuries, obstetric and genital injuries), but also psychological problems, like depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, alcohol or drug misuse, sleep disturbances, insomnia and nightmares. In the presence of alert symptoms related to violence, health professionals become able to screen, identify and provide ongoing care for women, promoting a trusting relationship and assuming an attentive non-judgmental listening.

Violência doméstica contra a mulher em contexto rural: reconhecimento das estratégias de atenção

Objective: Describe the role of Family Health Strategy (FHS) professionals in the face of domestic violence against women in a rural context and the limits faced for their development. Methods: Qualitative study conducted with twenty FHS health professionals from two municipalities of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Data were collected through structured interviews from January to March 2016. The empirical material was submitted to content analysis, emerging the thematic categories: performance of FHS professionals in attention to women in situations of domestic violence in rural settings; limits faced by FHS professionals to care for women in situations of domestic violence in rural settings. Results: The attention developed by the FHS professionals to these women is related to attentive and sensitive listening and teamwork and intersectoral. The limits for the development of the professionals 'performance are the lack of skill, non-participation in groups, denial of the experience of the violence situation and the absence of a protocol to guide the professionals' actions regarding the identification of violence. Conclusion: Although the strategies of attention to rural women in situations of domestic violence are based on the assumptions of humanization and health promotion, there are limits to the integral care of these women. It is suggested to create a model that prioritizes the training of professionals to work with women in situations of violence and a protocol to guide the actions in the face of such a situation.

Unity and Identity

Abstract The foundations and principles of theology as unity and identity, require a permanent turn to the unique message of Christ, a message that we need to announce with courage and conviction. Therefore, it is legitimate to speak about the need for a certain unity of theology. Thus we must bear in mind that the concept of unity needs to be carefully understood so as not to be confused with uniformity or with an individual style. The unity of theology and the whole Church, as professed in the Creed, must be closely linked to the idea of catholicity, as well as to holiness and apostolicity. Uniqueness and identity come from Christ, Savior of the world. The theology of unity and identity that wants to be Catholic must participate in the catholicity and in the unity of the Church, which ultimately is based on the trinitarian unity of God himself. œThe fact that there is one Saviour shows that there is a necessary bond between catholicity and unity. As it explores the inexhaustible Mystery of God and the countless ways in which God™s grace works for salvation in diverse settings, theology rightly and necessarily takes a multitude of forms, and yet as investigations of the unique truth of the triune God and of the one plan of salvation centered on the one Lord Jesus Christ, this plurality must manifest distinctive family traits. Theology is catholic in the richness of the plurality of its expressions, protagonists, ideas and contexts and, therefore it is born from the attentive listening of the Word of God, it is incardinated in the communion of the Church and it is oriented to the service of the truth. Keywords: unity, identity, theology, holiness, apostolicity, Jesus Christ, Trinity