Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Research Articles

Association of maladaptive daydreaming with behavioral addiction

Maladaptive daydreaming (MD) is a proposed syndrome characterized by extensive, immersive daydreaming. Case reports have suggested an association of MD with behavioral addictions such as excessive internet use, online gaming, and compulsive sexual behaviors. The aim of this study was to investigate maladaptive daydreaming and behavioral addiction symptoms among young adults. An online questionnaire was administered to 293 volunteer medical students. Participants were assessed by applying the 16-item Maladaptive Daydreaming Scale (MDS-16), Addictive Behavior Burden Form, and Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale (ASRS). Participants were divided into two groups: probable MD (MDers) and non-MDers, according to MDS-16. Age and gender did not significantly differ between the MD and non-MD groups. MDers had more severe symptoms associated with gaming addiction (p = 0.03; U = 4941), problematic social media use (p = 0.01; U = 4680), food addiction (p = 0.01; U = 4965), sex/pornography addiction (p = 0.01; U = 4787), and compulsive buying (p = 0.03; U = 4874) than non-MDers. Among the behavioral addiction dimensions assessed in the study, only gaming addiction was a significant statistical predictor of MD. These findings highlight a significant association between MD and behavioral addictions, particularly gaming addiction, in young adults. Furthermore, the findings of this study suggest a unique relationship between gaming addiction and MD.

The role of the psychological attributes of parents and children, and fracture history in upper extremity fractures in school-age and adolescents: A case-control study.

This study aims to investigate the influence of parents and children's psychological attributes and previous fracture history on upper extremity fractures in school-aged and adolescent children. Between January 2022 and January 2023, a total of 194 participants consisting of 97 cases with upper extremity fractures (23 males, 74 females; median age: 10 years; range, 6 to 16 years) and 97 age-matched controls suffering from growing pains (47 males, 50 females; median age: 10 years; range, 6 to 16 years) were included in this case-control study. Both cases and controls were of school-age or over. The parents of the children were interviewed face-to-face using psychological scales including the Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale (ASRS), the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ), the Short Form of the Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised (CPRS-R:S), and the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire 2007 (DCDQ'07). The results derived from these scales and the demographics of the participants were evaluated in terms of their association with the risk of upper extremity fractures. A household income below the official minimum monthly wage (MMW) and a previous fracture history showed a higher risk for upper extremity fractures (odds ratio [OR]=2.38, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07-5.26 and OR=24.93, 95% CI: 3.27-189.98, respectively). In the univariate analyses, elevated scores on the hyperactivity subscale of CPRS-R:S (CPRS-R:SHS) were associated with a higher fracture risk (OR=1.14, 95% CI: 1.05-1.24). Furthermore, both a household income below MMW, a previous fracture history, and higher CPRS-R:S-HS scores were found as independent risk factors for upper extremity fractures in the multivariate regression analysis (OR=2.78, 95% CI: 1.13-6.86, OR=21.79, 95% CI: 2.73-174.03), and OR=1.11, 95% CI: 1.02-1.22, respectively). Our study results highlight the importance of known risk factors for upper extremity fractures such as lower monthly wage and the presence of previous fractures. The psychological states of parents and children should be evaluated together.

Turkish reliability and validity study of Barkley’s BAARS-IV self-report current symptoms

ObjectiveRecall bias of patients and their relatives, low reliability of the history, changes in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms or compensatory behaviors, and various comorbidities may be associated with difficulties in diagnosing ADHD in adults. Barkley Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale-IV (BAARS-IV), a relatively new scale, needs to be studied for validity and reliability in different societies and cultures. In this study, we investigated whether the Turkish version of BAARS-IV: Present Symptoms Section is valid and reliable in the medical students who constituted the sample.MethodsAdult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale and BAARS-IV: Present Symptoms Section were administered to 402 fifth- and sixth-year medical students. We performed exploratory and confirmatory factor analyzes. Cronbach’s alpha and inter-item correlation were evaluated. Pearson correlation test was used in inter-scale correlation analyses.ResultsFor ADHD items, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) (0.882), Measuring of Sampling Adequacy MSA (0.819), chi-square (2512.455), and p (< 0.001) values showed that the data were suitable for factor analysis. A three-factor structure with an eigenvalue above 1 and explaining 53.14% of the total variance was obtained. In the correlation matrix reconstructed with eight Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT) items, the determinant of the correlation matrix was 0.025, the KMO determinant was 0.852, the lowest MSA value was 0.750, and the residual rate was 14%. A two-factor structure was obtained explaining 67.451% of the variance. Cronbach’s alpha values of the inattention and impulsivity subscales were 0.839 and 0.752, respectively. Cronbach’s alpha value of 8 questions in the SCT scale was found to be 0.871.ConclusionThe results of our study indicate that the BAARS-IV Self-report Present Symptoms scale is valid and reliable among medical students.

Is camouflaging unique for autism? A comparison of camouflaging between adults with autism and ADHD.

Camouflaging (using (un)conscious strategies to appear as non-autistic) is thought to be an important reason for late autism diagnoses and mental health difficulties. However, it is unclear whether only autistic people camouflage or whether people with other neurodevelopmental or mental health conditions also use similar camouflaging strategies. Therefore, in this preregistered study (AsPredicted: #41811) study, we investigated if adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity-disorder (ADHD) also camouflage. Adults aged 30-90 years filled in the Dutch Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire (CAT-Q-NL), the ADHD Self-Report (ADHD-SR) and the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ). We investigated differences in camouflaging between adults with ADHD, autism, and a comparison group in an age and sex-matched subsample (N = 105 per group). We explored if autism and ADHD traits explained camouflaging levels in adults with an autism and/or ADHD diagnosis (N = 477). Adults with ADHD scored higher on total camouflaging and assimilation subscale compared to the comparison group. However, adults with ADHD scored lower on total camouflaging, and subscales compensation and assimilation than autistic adults. Autism traits, but not ADHD traits, were a significant predictor of camouflaging, independent of diagnosis. Thus, camouflaging does not seem to be unique to autistic adults, since adults with ADHD also show camouflaging behavior, even though not as much as autistic adults. However, as the CAT-Q-NL specifically measures camouflaging of autistic traits it is important to develop more general measures of camouflaging, to compare camouflaging more reliably in people with different mental health conditions. Furthermore, focusing on camouflaging in adults with ADHD, including potential consequences for late diagnoses and mental health seems a promising future research avenue.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in the diabetic population: relationship with metabolic syndrome and atherogenic index of plasma

Aims: The objective of the current study is to investigate the prevalence of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) among individuals diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM). Additionally, this study aims to evaluate the potential association between ADHD and metabolic syndrome (MetS), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), and other lipid parameters, considering the different types of DM. Methods: The study comprised 213 adult patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, consisting of 120 females and 93 males. Participants completed the Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale (ASRS) as a screening tool for symptoms. The study assessed many physiological indicators, including body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, glucose levels, cholesterol levels, high-density lipoprotein levels, low-density lipoprotein levels, triglyceride levels, uric acid levels, and glycated hemoglobin levels. Results: The study yielded a prevalence rate of 10.7% for ADHD among diabetes individuals. The prevalence of ADHD was found to be more common in individuals diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) compared to those with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), with rates of 15.4% and 9.8% respectively. The study revealed that individuals diagnosed with T2DM who also had MetS, organ involvement, concurrent disorders, and stress-related eating had significantly higher scores on the ASRS/T scale. There was a correlation observed between the ASRS-HI and AIP levels in individuals diagnosed with T2DM. The statistical analysis revealed that ADHD-HI and T scores significantly influenced the severity of MetS. A progressive increase in ASRS/T and ASRS/I scores was observed with the duration of DM. Conclusion: In conclusion, by recognizing and treating accompanying neuropsychiatric conditions such as ADHD symptoms in diabetic patients, individuals may exhibit improved adherence to lifestyle modifications and antidiabetic therapies. This approach potentially reduces the risks of acute and chronic complications, including cardiovascular risk, through the enhanced management of DM.

Psychological risk factors for upper extremity fractures in preschool children: A case-control study.

In school-age children, upper extremity fractures are associated with both parental and child-related factors and represent a multifactorial entity. This study aims to explore the psychological risk factors associated with upper extremity fractures in preschool children. This single-center, hospital-based, age-matched case-control study involved 55 cases of upper extremity fractures and 55 controls experiencing growing pains. Parents of the children participated in face-to-face interviews. We examined the potential as-sociations between scores on the Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale (MIBS), Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale (ASRS), Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and the risk of upper extremity fractures. Advanced parental age and lower household income emerged as risk factors for upper extremity fractures, while longer maternal educational attainment was identified as a protective factor. In the univariate analyses, elevated scores on the Autism-Spec-trum Quotient Communication subscale (AQ-C), overall AQ score, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire Hyperactivity subscale (SDQ-H), and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire Emotional and Peer Problems subscale (SDQ-Int) were associated with an increased fracture risk (Odds Ratio [OR] (95% Confidence Interval [CI]): 1.15 (1.05-1.27), OR: 1.05 (1.01-1.09), OR: 1.25 (1.01-1.54), and OR: 1.19 (1.04-1.37), respectively). The AQ-C and SDQ-Int scales remained statistically significant as risk factors for upper ex-tremity fractures (OR: 1.15 (1.02-1.28) and OR: 1.21 (1.02-1.43), respectively) in the multivariate regression analyses. Our findings suggest that psychological factors affecting both parents and children could potentially increase the risk of upper extremity fractures in preschool children.

Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Dikkat Eksikliği ve Hiperaktivite Belirtileri ile Akademik Öz-Yeterlik Arasındaki İlişki

Introduction: Our aim in doing this study; It is to determine the academic self-efficacy levels of university students with ADHD symptoms.&#x0D; Methods: The population of the study consisted of students from 3 universities in the eastern, southeastern and central regions of Turkey and n= 1704. In the study; descriptive form, Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale (YDEÖD), Academic Self-Efficacy Scale (ASE) tools were used.&#x0D; Results: It was found that LCILD was a good predictor of AFE [46% and (F = 47.038; p

The Potential Impact of Agouti Related Peptide and Asprosin on Metabolic Parameters and Eating Behavior in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

We aimed to evaluate Agouti-Related Peptide (AgRP) and asprosin levels in adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and to examine the relationship between eating behavior, metabolic parameters, AgRP and asprosin. Forty-five adult ADHD patients and 45 controls were included in the study. The Adult Diagnostic Interview Scale for ADHD (DIVA 2.0) and Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 Clinician Version (SCID-5/CV) were administered to the participants. The Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale (ASRS) and the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) were completed by the participants. Biochemical parameters, AgRP and asprosin levels of the participants were measured. Adults with ADHD had significantly higher HbA1c, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference. Eating behaviors and lipid profile were impaired in the patients. A significant positive correlation was found between the patients' ASRS/hyperactivity-impulsivity scores and DEBQ/emotional eating and DEBQ/external eating. A significant positive correlation was found between ASRS/total score and DEBQ/emotional eating, DEBQ/external eating, and DEBQ/total eating scores. AgRP and asprosin levels were significantly lower in the patients. The effect sizes of AgRP and asprosin were 0.526 and 0.839, respectively. A negative correlation was found between AgRP and asprosin levels of the patients and BMI. It was seen that AgRP and asprosin were confounding factors for each other, and the significance between the groups was due to asprosin. Asprosin defined ADHD at a higher rate than AgRP. The study emphasizes the link between eating behavior and the hedonic system in ADHD. It also showed that AgRP and asprosin levels are low in adult ADHD. Low AgRP and asprosin levels may be an indication of impaired energy homeostasis and/or a structural cause for ADHD.

Internet gaming disorder’s correspondence with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and game/in-game purchases among university students

This study investigated the relationship between internet game addiction, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and the online gaming characteristics of 290 university students in 11 faculties. The students completed questionnaires on their socio-demographic characteristics, personal habits like smoking, drinking, and game/in-game purchasing attitudes. They completed the Computer Gaming Addiction Scale (CGAS) and Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale (ASRS). The data indicated that 9.3% of the study sample was addicted to gaming. The students who played action/adventure, shooter, and strategy games had higher CGAS scores, and those who played action games had higher ASRS total scores (p < 0.05). The CGAS scores of students and the amount of money they spent on game purchases and in-game purchases were positively correlated. The logistic regression analysis showed that male gender and computer game addiction scores were determinants for game purchases. However, the factors determining in-game purchases were male gender, CGAS score, and probable ADHD hyperactivity impulsivity dominant type. Young adults with hyperactivity and impulsivity predominant ADHD may be prone to excessive in-game purchases.

The Effect of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder on Treatment Compliance in Individuals Undergoing Probation Addiction Program Treatment.

The social and legal problems caused by substance use necessitate compulsory treatment. Individuals with substance use disorder who also have attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are more frequently prone to crime and more severe substance use. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ADHD on the treatment compliance. One hundred one patients who applied to the Probation Erenköy Mental Health and Neurological Diseases Training and Research Hospital, and who were determined to participate in the probation addiction program (PAP), were included. The participants were evaluated with a sociodemographic form, the Addiction Profile Index (API), The Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale (SOCRATES), the Wender Utah Rating Scale, and the Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale (ASRS), before commencing the PAP. The diagnosis of ADHD was confirmed by interview. After the PAP was completed, participants were re-evaluated Results: It was determined that 67.3% of the participants had ADHD and 41.2% of the patients with ADHD were noncompliant in completing the program. There was no statistically significant relationship between ADHD and treatment compliance. The SOCRATES total values at the beginning of treatment were significantly higher in patients with ADHD. The API total scores were significantly higher in the ADHD group before and after the program. Severe craving and severity of addiction were important factors that increased treatment noncompliance. ADHD is higher in the probation population and the severity of addiction is also higher, both before and after the program. Treatment motivation in patients with ADHD decreases toward the end of the program.

Decreased psychiatric symptomatology after the onset of COVID-19 in a longitudinal college mental health study

The COVID-19 pandemic brings significant challenges for college students. This study aims to investigate changes in psychiatric symptomatology among them compared to the pre-pandemic period alongside their determinants. Data are collected before and 3 months after the onset of the pandemic from 168 students who applied to a college mental health center. Psychiatric symptomatology is assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale (ASRS). Possible vulnerability factors are screened by a survey on COVID-19-related health and social isolation status, Fear of COVID-19 Scale, Social Media Use Disorder Scale (SMDS), Distress Thermometer, Scoff Eating Questionnaire, and International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short-Form (IPAQ). Results show decreased PHQ-9, GAD-7, and ASRS scores at follow-up. Even though the screen time increases, SMDS scores significantly decline. SMDS have a direct effect on PHQ-9 and ASRS levels, in addition to an indirect effect through the Distress Thermometer. Higher SMDS scores predict higher anxious and depressive symptomatology in repeated assessments. Fear of COVID-19 scores have a direct effect on GAD-7 scores only. This study suggests that the stress level and psychiatric symptomatology of the students decreased significantly in the early phases of the pandemic. The level of social media use disorder should be taken into account while following college students with mental health symptoms.

Linguistic Equivalence, Validity and Reliability Study of the Mind Excessively Wandering Scale.

The main objective was to study the linguistic equivalence, validity and reliability of the transliterated Turkish version of Mind Excessively Wandering Scale (MEWS) developed by Prof. Philip Asherson in England (2016). Mind excessively wandering defines uncontrolled mental phenomena, which is proposed as the psychological counterpart of Default Mode Network in literature. Mind Excessively Wandering Scale, Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale have been used. The sample group consists of 64 patients previously diagnosed as adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder for validity, 60 students for transliteral equivalence, and 80 healthy controls for test re-test reliability. Transliteral equivalence study demonstrates that Turkish version of MEWS is highly correlated with the English version and is statistically significant. The sixth item in the scale was removed in order to ensure the consistency model established by LISREL in the validity study according to the confirmatory factor analysis. When the sixth item was excluded, it was concluded that the structure of the scale was compatible. In the reliability study of the MEWS, the Cronbach's alpha value (α) of the scale was found to be 0.826. It is seen that the item with the highest distinctiveness feature is Item-10 (0.618) and the item with the lowest distinctiveness feature is Item-5 (0.318). In the linguistic equivalence study, no statistical difference was found between the English form and the Turkish versions of the scale. As a result of the practical and statistical evaluations, our study demonstrated that the Turkish version of the MEWS is a valid and reliable measurement tool.

Investigation of the validity and reliability of the Turkish Form of the Adult Executive Functions Inventory (ADEXI)

This study aims to examine the psychometric properties of the Turkish Version of the Adult Executive Functions Inventory (ADEXI), which was developed to evaluate the executive functions of adults. The study sample consisted of 330 university students aged between 18 and 30 (M = 20.59, SD =1.84). The participants filled out the Demographics Form, Cognitive Flexibility Inventory, Barrat Impulsivity Scale, Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale, and the Turkish version of ADEXI. The two-factor structure (working memory and inhibition) in the original version of the scale was confirmed by second-level confirmatory factor analysis. ADEXI's association with other measurement tools were also observed. Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficients for the total score of the scale and for the working memory and inhibition dimensions were calculated as .80, .83, and 73, respectively. Moreover, Gutman's two-half reliability coefficients for the total score of the scale and working memory and inhibition dimensions were calculated as .75, .81, and .69, respectively. Our results showed that the Turkish version of ADEXI is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used to evaluate two dimensions of executive functions, working memory and inhibition.

Assessment of Optical Coherence Tomography Findings in Adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Case-Control Study.

To assess retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness using optical coherence tomography in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder adults on regular methylphenidate treatment, comparing them to healthy controls. A total of 33 attention deficit hyperactivity disorder adults and 31 healthy subjects, matched for age, gender, and education (control group), were included in this study. Retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness of both eyes were measured using optical coherence tomography, and symptom severity was evaluated using Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale and Wender Utah Rating Scale. There was no significant difference in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness between the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and control groups (P > .05). Thinner ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer total (P = .044), inferior (P = .012), and inferior nasal quadrant thickness (P = .049) were observed in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder patients as compared to the controls. Findings detected thinner ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer in some quadrants of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder adults, indicating an early disorder in retinal structure development. Whether retinal structures are sensitive attention deficit hyperactivity disorder biomarkers should be supported and investigated in future multimodal studies.

Subjective cognitive assessments and N-back are not correlated, and they are differentially affected by anxiety and depression

Cognitive function (CF) is a core feature related to all psychiatric disorders. However, self-report scales of CF (SRSC) may not always correlate with CF’s objective measures and may have different mediators. Tools to select for evaluating CF in diverse psychiatric populations and their determinants need to be studied. In this study, we aimed to assess the association of SRSC (Perceived Deficit Questionnaire-Depression (PDQ-D), and World Health Organization’s Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale (ASRS) and its inattentiveness subscale) with Letter-N-back as an objective measure of CF, and to analyze their association with psychopathology. Two hundred nine (131 nonclinical, and 78 clinical with a psychiatric diagnosis of ICD10 F31-39 [mood disorders excluding Bipolar I] or F40-F49 [neurotic, stress-related or psychosomatic disorder] categories) participants were evaluated with PDQ-D, ASRS, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Beck’s Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and N-back. Both groups’ data were included in the analysis. PDQ-D showed a small correlation with N-back scores, whereas ASRS showed no correlation. PDQ-D and ASRS showed a large correlation. Age and BAI scores significantly predicted both PDQ-D and ASRS, whereas the cognitive subscale of BDI predicted PDQ-D, but not ASRS. Only BAI scores predicted N-back results. The mediation model revealed that 2-back scores of N-back task directly affects PDQ-D scores, independent of BDI scores. However, the cognitive subscale of BDI moderated 2-back and PDQ-D association. On the contrary, BAI scores significantly mediated the association of 2-back scores with PDQ-D. The direct effect of 2-back scores in PDQ-D was insignificant in the mediation of BAI scores. Our study validates the discordance between SRSC and an objective measurement of CF. Anxiety may affect both self-report and objective measurement of CF, whereas depressive thought content may lead to higher cognitive dysfunction reports in nondemented participants.

Impaired auditory and visual time reproduction in adult patients with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder

ABSTRACT Objective: Although impaired time perception is associated with significant disturbance in the everyday functioning of adult patients with Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), it is not very well studied. The present study aimed to evaluate both visual and auditory time reproduction (TR) by using eight time intervals in adult ADHD patients compared to healthy controls (HC). Method: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-R (WAIS-R), Adult Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale (ASRS), Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS), Hyperfocusing Scale (HS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and a 2-back task were administered to participants. In TR tasks, participants reproduced the same duration of the auditory/visual stimulus by pressing a key and absolute discrepancy scores (ADS) were calculated. A 2 (Group) x 2 (Task Modality) x 8 (Time Interval: 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, 6000, 8000, 12000 and 16000 msec) mixed-design ANOVA was performed. Results: All clinical scores of ADHD group were higher than HC (p < .001) while WAIS-R and 2-back performances of the groups were similar. Mixed-design ANOVA yielded significant Group and Time Interval main effects as well as a Group X Time Interval effect (both p < .001). ADHD patients had larger ADS than HC and as time intervals increased, error levels increased. Errors for time intervals >8000 msec were more prominent in patients. For both TR tasks, ASRS-hyperactivity/impulsivity scores were the main predictor of ADS in the linear regression analysis, while ASRS-attention deficit and HS scores were excluded. Conclusion: Results of the present study indicate significant TR impairment in adult ADHD regardless of task modality (visual or auditory), depressive symptoms and working memory performances. Longer time intervals in TR tasks differentiated patients better and TR impairment was associated with hyperactivity/impulsivity. These findings should be replicated in larger samples and underlying neurobiological components of impaired TR need to be examined in future research.

Eating behaviors, depression, and anxiety levels of pre bariatric surgery patients with obesity comorbid with or without Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder: ADHD or Major Depression? Which is more related with eating behaviors?

ObjectiveA high rate of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been reported in patients undergoing obesity treatment. It is controversial whether ADHD solely or its comorbid disorders account for eating behaviors associated with obesity.MethodsAfter presurgery psychiatric assessment, 100 severely obese patients (50 with ADHD and 50 without ADHD) were administered Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Self‐Report Scale(ASRS), Wender Utah Rating Scale(WURS), Three‐Factor Eating Questionnaire(TFEQ), and Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory(BAI).ResultsPatients with obesity and ADHD had significantly greater emotional eating, susceptibility to hunger, depression, and anxiety but less restraint of eating scores than those without ADHD. Disinhibition of eating scores and presence of Binge Eating Disorder(BED) did not differ significantly between ADHD and non‐ADHD groups. Obese patients with major depression had significantly higher ASRS, WURS, TFEQ, BAI scores, disinhibition of eating control, emotional eating, susceptibility to hunger, and diagnosis of BED than nondepressed ones.ConclusionsMajor depression and anxiety disorder have associations with disinhibition of eating control, emotional eating, susceptibility to hunger and BED, ADHD. Disinhibition of eating and BED did not differ according to the presence of ADHD; thus, depression was associated with eating control on more constructs than ADHD in our study.

Dikkat Eksikliği ve Dürtüselliğin Gelişmeleri Kaçırma Korkusu Arasındaki İlişkinin Yaş, Cinsiyet ve Sigara Bağımlılığı Açısından İncelenmesi

Objective: The study aimed to examine the association of the fear of missing out (FoMO) on the symptoms of attention deficit-hyperactivity and impulsivity in terms of gender, age, and tobacco dependence. Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of a total of 732 individuals. Of the participants, 425 were females and 307 were males. There were 258 smokers and 474 non-smokers in the study sample. Participants were administered a Socio-demographic Questionnaire, The Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale (ASRS), The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), and Üsküdar FoMO Scale to collect data. The Mann Whitney U test was used to test the differences in terms of gender, age, and smoking status. Spearman correlation analysis and a linear regression analysis were performed to examine the correlation between the scales. Results: The intensity of the FoMO was not variable in regard to gender or smoking status. There was a significant difference in terms of the age variable. The model in the regression analysis, which evaluated the features of age, gender, smoking status, attention deficit, and impulsivity was found out to be statistically significant. Conclusions: The analysis of the data revealed that severity of the FoMO was increased with ASRS scores and decreased with age.

Translation and validation of the Brown attention-deficit disorder scale for use in Brazil: identifying cases of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder among samples of substance users and non-users. Cross-cultural validation study.

The Brown Attention-Deficit Disorder Scale (BADDS) was developed as a self-report assessment that was designed to screen for presence of symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The objective here was to translate and validate the adult self-report BADDS for use in Brazil. Cross-cultural validation study conducted in an addiction unit at a public university hospital. This study included a control group (n = 100) and a drug-user group (n = 100). Both groups included subjects aged 18 to 60 years old. The control group had no prior diagnosis of drug addiction and the drug-user group included participants with a diagnosis of addiction. Each participant answered Brazilian Portuguese translations of both the BADDS and the Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale (ASRS) questionnaires, in paper-and-pencil format. The drug-user group scored higher than the control group on both scales. The mean scores on ASRS were 27.26 (standard deviation, SD: 11.99) and 25.85 (SD: 8.65) respectively (P > 0.05). The mean scores on BADDS were 79.56 (SD: 29.61) and 79.31 (SD: 18.09), respectively (P > 0.05). Cronbach's alpha for BADDS was 0.95. BADDS presented fair sensitivity (72% accuracy) and fair specificity (88% accuracy). This study provides discriminative validity evidence for use of BADDS among Brazilian adults with substance-use disorders.

Work addiction in Poland: adaptation of the Bergen Work Addiction Scale and relationship with psychopathology

&lt;b&gt;Background&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Work addiction has been recognized as a potential behavioral addiction, and studies have consistently shown its negative relationship with psychosocial functioning. However, in many countries, such as Poland, very few work addiction studies are based on measures developed using an addiction framework. Against this backdrop, the Bergen Work Addiction Scale (BWAS) was adapted for use in Polish samples and its relationship with psychopathology was investigated.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Participants and procedure&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt; In a pen-and-pencil cross sectional study, the BWAS, the Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale, the Mini-International Personality Item Pool, and questions concerning demographic, health and work-related variables were administered to 723 Polish employees from various professions. Their mean age was 36.37 years (SD = 11.33, range = 20-79).&lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Results&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Support for a one-factor solution for the BWAS was found and the BWAS demonstrated good reliability (α = .84). Work addiction was significantly related to specific aspects of work (longer working time and managerial positions), personality traits (higher neuroticism), and psychopathology (depression and attention deficit hyperactivity). The prevalence of work addiction using the BWAS was 17.4% in the present sample.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Conclusions&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt; The Polish BWAS has good psychometric properties and is a suitable scale for the assessment of work addiction based on the findings of the present study.