Attack Self Research Articles

Shame-Focused Coping Styles and Their Associations with Self-Esteem

109 college man and 76 college women ranging in age from 17 to 50 years and having an average age of 21 yr. completed Coopersmith's Self-esteem Scale and Elison's Compass of Shame Scale which measures four shame-focused coping styles. The total Compass of Shame score was significantly correlated with the Self-esteem scores. Scores on three of the shame coping subscales, Attack Self, Withdrawal, and Attack Other, were significantly correlated with Self-esteem scores: the Avoidance subscale was not. No significant sex differences were found either on self-esteem or any of the four, shame-coping subscales. A regression model that examined the predictive associations between four subscales of shame and Self-esteem indicated that shame scores accounted for 32% of the variance in Self-esteem.

Shame-Focused Coping Styles and Their Associations with Self-Esteem

109 college man and 76 college women ranging in age from 17 to 50 years and having an average age of 21 yr. completed Coopersmith's Self-esteem Scale and Elison's Compass of Shame Scale which measures four shame-focused coping styles. The total Compass of Shame score was significantly correlated with the Self-esteem scores. Scores on three of the shame coping subscales, Attack Self, Withdrawal, and Attack Other, were significantly correlated with Self-esteem scores; the Avoidance subscale was not. No significant sex differences were found either on self-esteem or any of the four, shame-coping subscales. A regression model that examined the predictive associations between four subscales of shame and Self-esteem indicated that shame scores accounted for 32% of the variance in Self-esteem.

Etiology of autoimmunity.

Autoimmunity reflects the destruction of host tissue by the immune system. In my laboratory we are focused on understanding autoimmunity and the complex regulation of the autoimmune process. We believe that host defense mechanisms, which are normally activated to fight microorganisms, can malfunction and attack self. The role of cytokines and other host-elicited factors are a major focus of our group.

Detection of HLA-E and -G DNA alleles for population and disease studies.

HLA-E and -G genes show a restricted polymorphism encoding for molecules whose variability is limited at the peptide binding site. Fourteen alleles that give rise to only three productive proteins for HLA-G (*0101, *0103 and *0104) and five alleles with three different proteins for HLA-E (*0101, *0102 and *0103) have been described. Expression of these molecules is low and found in many tissues for HLA-E: HLA-G protein is expressed in extravillous trophoblast cells and thymic epithelium. Molecular studies have shown how HLA-G and HLA-E bind to natural killer (NK) cells immunoglobulin and lectin-type inhibitory receptors. HLA-E may act as a sentinel of the cell; if classical class I and HLA-G are being expressed, HLA-E molecules may reach the cell surface and inhibit the lysis by NK cells. Most findings are consistent with the hypothesis that HLA-E and -G proteins may be tolerogenic molecules at either the T-cell receptor (TcR) (inflammation, graft rejection) or NK level, switching off cells which usually attack foreign (including foetus) or self (autoimmune) antigens. A low HLA-E and -G polymorphism is observed in humans, and their allele frequencies are mostly homogeneous in the populations tested so far. Many studies to detect these alleles are now being performed in isolated populations and also in pregnancy-associated pathologies. In the present paper, standard and detailed techniques to detect HLA-E and -G DNA polymorphism are reported and discussed.

Crisis negotiations: A Preliminary investigation of facework in naturalistic conflict discourse

Abstract This article views crisis negotiations from an interaction goal perspective, with facework constituting a significant and heretofore unexplored dimension of interaction. We present a three‐dimensional model of facework used in coding perpetrator and negotiator discourse for face behaviors within three authentic negotiation interactions. Results indicate that Restore Other's Face and Restore Self's Face were the two predominant facework behaviors. While negotiators were the primary users of Restore Other's Face acts, perpetrators used mostly Restore Self's Face behaviors. No Attack Other's Face acts were observed. However, of five Attack Self's Face behaviors enacted, four occurred in a negotiation which ended in the suicide of the perpetrator. Lag sequential analysis revealed a general cycle of perpetrator use of Restore Self's Face and negotiator use of Restore Other's Face. Implications of these findings for future research and for training crisis negotiators are discussed.